| 单词 | 牛奶 |
| 释义 | 〔lactose〕A disaccharide, C12H 22O 11, found in milk, that may be hydrolyzed to yield glucose and galactose. 乳糖：一种双糖，分子式为，它存在于牛奶中C12H 22O 11，在水中水解时产生葡萄糖或蔗糖 〔separator〕One that separates, as a device for separating cream from milk.分离器：分离东西的设备，例如用来从牛奶中分离奶油的设备〔bottle〕A receptacle filled with milk or formula that is fed, as to babies, in place of breast milk.奶瓶：装有代替母乳喂养婴儿的牛奶或其它婴儿配方食物的容器〔creamer〕A refrigerator in which milk is placed to form cream.静置并形成牛奶乳脂的冰箱〔chicle〕The coagulated milky juice of the sapodilla, used as the principal ingredient of chewing gum.树液：奇可树凝结成牛奶样的树汁，用来作口香糖的主要原料〔cream〕The yellowish fatty component of unhomogenized milk that tends to accumulate at the surface.乳脂：非均质牛奶中易于聚积在牛奶表层的黄色脂肪部分〔milchig〕from milkh [milk] 源自 milkh [牛奶] 〔yogurt〕A custardlike food with a tart flavor, prepared from milk curdled by bacteria, especiallyLactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus, and often sweetened or flavored with fruit. 酸乳酪：一种具有酸味的蛋奶糕状食物，由细菌作用的牛奶凝结物制得，尤指保加利亚乳酸杆菌 和 喜温链球菌 ，常加水果以变甜或加味 〔milky〕Filled with, consisting of, or yielding milk or a fluid resembling milk:牛奶的，多乳的：充满、包含或出产牛奶或类似牛奶的液体的：〔riboflavin〕An orange-yellow crystalline compound, C17H 20N 4O 6, the principal growth-promoting factor in the vitamin B complex, naturally occurring in milk, leafy vegetables, fresh meat, and egg yolks. Also called lactoflavin ,vitamin B 2 核黄素：一种桔黄色结晶化合物，C17H 20N 4O 6，在复合维生素B中的主要促进成长的因素，自然存在于牛奶、有叶蔬菜、鲜肉及蛋黄中维生素 也作 lactoflavin,vitamin B2 〔milkman〕A man who sells or delivers milk to customers.送奶工，卖奶人：给顾客出售或运送牛奶的男人〔seersucker〕shīr [milk] from Middle Persian shīr [牛奶，乳] 源自 中古波斯语 〔condense〕To remove water from (milk, for example).浓缩：将水分除去（如，从牛奶中）〔churn〕To make by the agitation of milk or cream:制造：通过搅拌牛奶或奶油制造：〔spill〕One is not supposed to cry over spilled milk,but at one time the wordspill was associated with many tears. Old Englishspillan, the ancestor of Modern Englishspill, had meanings such as "to destroy, mutilate, kill.”The hints of its future life in connection with substances falling out of containers, often wastefully, were contained in the senses "to waste" and "to shed blood.”But many people, castles, and fortunes were "spilled" before people started spilling milk,at least judging from the recorded evidence.Spill is first recorded in the sense "to cause a substance to fall out of a container" in a work composed in the 14th century.Since then, much water, milk, and gravy have been spilled,while most of the senses having to do with destruction and bloodshed have become obsolete or archaic.对着打翻的牛奶哭是无济于事的，但spill 这个词曾经和眼泪有联系。 古英语单词spillan ， 即现代英语单词spill 的祖先， 具有例如“毁灭，破坏，杀死”等意思。而其“浪费”及“使血流出”的含意则暗示着这个古词将来会与通常是浪费性质的从容器中溢出之物发生联系。但在人们开始洒牛奶之前就已“杀死”了许多人命，“毁坏”了许多城堡，“浪费”了许多财富，这一点至少可以从记载下来的证据判断出来。Spill 最初记录下来的意思是“使一物质溢出一容器”， 这一含意出现于14世纪的一本著作中。从那时起，这个词表达人们泼洒了大量的水、牛奶及肉汁，而这个词与毁灭及流血有联系的有关意思则都成了过时用法或古代用法〔junket〕A sweet food made from flavored milk and rennet.凝乳食品、乳冻甜食：一种甜食，用加了调料的牛奶和牛犊的胃中凝乳块制成〔creamer〕A machine or device for separating cream from milk.乳脂分离器：一种把乳脂从牛奶中分离出来的器具〔enrich〕The dairy enriched its milk with vitamin D.乳制品商在其牛奶中添加维生素D以强化其养份〔posset〕A spiced drink of hot sweetened milk curdled with wine or ale.牛奶甜酒：一种热的甜牛奶加酒或啤酒制成的香味饮料〔cheesecake〕A cake made of sweetened cottage cheese or cream cheese, eggs, milk, sugar, and flavorings.干酪饼：用甜的农家鲜干酪或奶油干酪以及鸡蛋、牛奶、糖和面粉做成的饼〔nondairy〕nondairy coffee creamer.不含牛奶的咖啡奶油器皿〔man〕a milkman; a congressman; a freeman.牛奶工；议员；自由人〔cappuccino〕Espresso coffee mixed or topped with steamed milk or cream.卡普契诺咖啡：混以或加上煮过的牛奶或奶油的浓咖啡〔Babcock〕American agricultural chemist who developed the Babcock test for determining the fat content of milk.巴布科克，斯蒂芬·穆尔顿：(1843-1931) 美国农业化学家，他发现了测定牛奶含脂量的巴布科克试验〔pone〕A staple of the early American colonies from New England southward to Virginia waspone, a bread made by Native Americans from flat cakes of cornmeal dough baked in ashes.Derived from an Algonquian word meaning "to roast" or "to bake,”pone is one of several Virginia Algonquian words (including hominy and tomahawk ) borrowed into the English of the Atlantic seaboard. The wordpone, usually in the compound cornpone, is now used mainly in the South,where it means cakes of cornbread baked on a griddle or in hot ashes—as the Native Americans originally cooked it.从新英格兰往南至弗吉尼亚等早期的美洲殖民地人的一种主食玉米面包， 即由土著美洲人制作的一种面包，将扁平的玉米面团放在灰烬中烤制而成。pone 是由阿尔贡金语中一个意为“烤肉”或“烤面包”的词派生而来，它是被大西洋沿岸英语借用的几个弗吉尼亚阿尔贡金语词汇中的一个（还包括 homing牛奶玉米片粥 和 Bomahawk印第安战斧） 。 pone 这个词通常用在 cornpone 这一复合词中， 现在主要在美国南方使用，在那儿它意指在一只圆烤盘或热灰中烤出的玉米面糕——就象当初美洲土著人的那种做法〔Borden〕American surveyor and inventor who developed condensed milk (1853) and other food products.伯登，盖尔：(1801-1874) 美国的检测专家和发明家，他发明了浓缩牛奶（1853年）和其他食品〔caramel〕A smooth, chewy candy made with sugar, butter, cream or milk, and flavoring.卡拉梅尔糖：一种光滑宜多咀嚼的糖块，用砂糖、黄油、奶油或牛奶，以及调味香料制成〔seersucker〕shakar [sugar] from Sanskrit śarkarā [from the resemblance of its smooth and rough stripes to the smooth surface of milk and bumpy texture of sugar] shakar [糖] 源自 梵文 śarkarā [得名于其光滑与粗糙的条纹类似于牛奶光滑的表面和糖粗糙不平的晶体结构] 〔lactalbumin〕The albumin contained in milk and obtained from whey.乳清蛋白：一种含于牛奶中并可从乳清中提炼出来的白蛋白〔cocoa〕A beverage made by mixing this powder with sugar in hot water or milk.可可饮料：由可可加糖放入热水或牛奶中混合而成的一种饮料〔jersey〕Often Jersey Any of a breed of fawn-colored dairy cattle developed on the island of Jersey and producing milk that is rich in butterfat. 常作 Jersey 泽西种乳牛：一个生长在泽西岛的浅黄褐色奶牛品种，产的牛奶含有丰富的乳脂〔dairy〕Of, for, or relating to milk or milk products:牛奶的，乳制品的：牛奶的、乳制品的，为制成牛奶的、乳制品的，或与之有关的：〔culture〕culture milk.用牛奶作培养基〔buttermilk〕The sour liquid that remains after the butterfat has been removed from whole milk or cream by churning.酪乳：将乳脂从牛奶或一次提制的奶油中除去之后剩下的酸味液体〔mustache〕a milk mustache.粘在上嘴唇的牛奶〔custard〕A dish consisting of milk, eggs, flavoring, and sometimes sugar, boiled or baked until set.乳蛋糕：一种食品，用牛奶、鸡蛋、调味品，有时再加糖混合而成，经蒸煮或烘烤直至凝固而成〔panada〕A paste or gruel of bread crumbs, toast, or flour combined with milk, stock, or water and used for making soups, binding forcemeats, or thickening sauces.面糊：将碎面包、烤面包或面粉放在牛奶、肉汤或水里煮成的面糊，用于作汤、肉馅或果酱〔cheese〕A solid food prepared from the pressed curd of milk, often seasoned and aged.奶酪：从经压缩过的牛奶凝聚物制成的固体食物，经常是风干的并且是陈年的〔seersucker〕Through its name, seersucker, a lightweight fabric for summer suits and dresses, gives us a glimpse at the history of India.The facts of the word's history are that it came into English from the East Indian language Hindi (śīrśakar ). The word in Hindi was borrowed from the Persian compoundshīroshakar, meaning literally "milk and sugar"but used in a figurative way for a striped linen garment.The Persian wordshakar, "sugar,” in turn came from Sanskrit śarkarā. Persian, Indian, English—clearly we are dealing with multiple cultural borrowing here,and the Persians did indeed borrow sugar and the word for sugar from India in the 6th century.During and after Tamerlane's invasion of India in the late 14th century,the opportunity for borrowing Persian things and words such asshīr-o-shakar was present, since the Mongol Turk Tamerlane incorporated Persia as well as India into his empire.It then remained for the English during the 18th century, when the East India Company and England were moving toward supremacy in India, to borrow the material and its nameseersucker (first recorded in 1722 in the form Sea Sucker ) from an Indian language. 适合制作夏季服装的一种很轻的面料，通过它的名字——泡泡纱让我们对印度历史有所了解。关于这个单词的历史事实是这个词从东印度语言——印地语(sirsakar )进入英语。 在印地语中，这个词来源于波斯语复合词shiroshakar ， 其字面意思是“牛奶和糖”，但用其比喻意来指一种有条纹的亚麻长袍。波斯语shakar 意思是“糖”，来自于梵文 sarkara 。 波斯语，印度语，英语——显而易见，这里我们要研究的是多元文化的借用，而事实上波斯人确实于公元6世纪从印度输入了糖和表示糖的单词。在14世纪后期泰摩兰入侵印度期间和之后，就有了借用波斯物品及单词，如shir-o-shakar 的机会， 因为突厥化了的蒙古人泰摩兰不但把波斯还把印度并入了自己的王国。在18世纪，当东印度公司和英国印度取得至高权威后，才从一种印度语言中输入了seersucker 的材料及名称（最初的记载形式是 Sea sucker ，出现于1722年） 〔lactobacillus〕Any of various rod-shaped, nonmotile aerobic bacteria of the genusLactobacillus that ferment lactic acid from sugars and are the causative agents in the souring of milk. 乳酸杆菌：任一种杆状的乳杆菌 属的不游动好氧菌，它能使糖发酵产生乳酸，也是牛奶发酸的导因 |
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