| 单词 | 牧师 |
| 释义 | 〔prebendary〕An Anglican cleric holding the honorary title of prebend without a stipend.名誉牧师：持有受俸牧师的名誉头衔但无俸禄的英国圣公会牧师〔vicar〕A cleric in charge of a chapel in the Episcopal Church of the United States.美国新圣公教会教堂掌管教堂的牧师〔church〕The clerical profession; clergy.牧师的职业；牧师〔scold〕"The incensed priests . . . continued to raise their voices, vituperating each other in bad Latin" (Sir Walter Scott).“激怒了的牧师提高了嗓音，用很脏的拉丁语相互辱骂” （沃特尔·司各脱）。〔Philistine〕It has never been good to be a Philistine.Samson, Saul, and David in the Bible helped bring the Philistines into prominence because they were such prominent opponents.Even though the Philistines have long since disappeared,their name has lived on in the Old Testament.The English name for them,Philistines, which goes back through Late Latin and Greek to Hebrew, is first found in Middle English,wherePhilistiens, the ancestor of our word, is recorded in a work composed before 1325. Beginning in the 17th centuryphilistine was used as a common noun usually in the plural to refer to various groups considered the enemy,such as literary critics.In Germany in the same centuryit is said that in a memorial at Jena for a student who had been killed in a town-gown quarrel,the minister preached a sermon from the text "Philister über dir Simson! [The Philistines be upon thee, Samson!],”the words of Delilah to Samson after she attempted to render him powerless before his Philistine enemies.From this usage it is said that German students came to usePhilister, the German equivalent of Philistine, to denote nonstudents and hence uncultured or materialistic people.Both usages were picked up in English in the early 19th century.做非利士人从来没有好处。《圣经》中的参孙、索尔和大卫使非利士人出名是因为他们是很优秀的对手。尽管非利士人已消失很久了，他们的名字却仍存在于《旧约》当中。他们的英文名称Philistines 可由晚期拉丁语和希腊语追溯到希伯来语， 是在中世纪英语中首先发现的，其中我们所用词的前身Philistines 记载在一部1325年前的著作中。 17世纪以来，Philistine 被用作普通名词并且常以复数形式出现， 意指被认为是敌人的各种团体，如文学批评家。在同一世纪的德国，据说在耶拿举行的纪念一名在市民和大学生争执中被杀的学生的纪念会上，牧师从“［非利士人比你强，参孙!］”中选取了一段做布道，就是迪莱勒在试图使参孙在他的非利士手面前变得软弱无力后说的那些话。这段话的用法中可见德国学生开始使用philister 作为 philistine 的德语替代语， 意指不是学生因此也就是没有文化以及不务实的人。这两种用法在19世纪早期的英语中均能找到〔mortuary〕Middle English mortuarie [gift to a parish priest from the estate of the deceased, funeral service] 中古英语 mortuarie [从已病牧师的地产中取得的给予教区牧师的礼物，墓地] 〔reverend〕the Reverend Jane Doe; Reverend John Jones.简．多伊牧师；约翰．乔伊斯牧师〔father〕A priest or clergyman in the Roman Catholic or Anglican churches.神父：罗马天主教或盎格鲁教的牧师或神父〔Ripley〕American minister, scholar, and literary critic. An important figure in the New England Transcendentalist movement, he directed the utopian community at Brook Farm, near Boston (1841-1847), and was the literary critic of theNew York Tribune (1849-1880). 里普利，乔治：(1802-1880) 美国牧师、学者和文学批评家。在新英格兰超验主义运动中是一个重要的人物。他在波士顿附近领导了乌托邦似的社团“布鲁克农庄”(1841-1847年），而且是《纽约论坛报》 的文学批评家（1849-1880年） 〔biretta〕A stiff square cap with three or four ridges across the crown. Birettas are worn especially by Roman Catholic clergy and are black for priests, purple for bishops, and red for cardinals.法冠：帽顶有三或四道边的硬方帽，尤为罗马天主教教士所戴，牧师戴黑色，主教戴紫色，红衣主教戴红色〔residentiary〕A member of the clergy required to live in an official residence.驻堂教士：被要求居住在正式住所的牧师的一个成员〔antechoir〕A place in front of the choir reserved for the clergy and choir members.唱诗班座席入口处：唱诗班前面的一个位置，留给牧师和唱诗班成员用〔Trinitarian〕A member of a Roman Catholic religious congregation founded in 1198 and now devoted to teaching, nursing, and pastoral work.三位一体修道会修士或修女：成立于1198年的罗马天主教的宗教集会的成员，现在多从事教师，护理或牧师工作〔ministry〕The Christian clergy.（全体）牧师：基督教牧师〔Cotton〕English-born American cleric who was vicar of Saint Botolph's Church in England until he was summoned to court for his Puritanism. He fled to Boston, Massachusetts, where he became a civil and religious leader.科顿，约翰：(1584-1652) 英国裔的美国牧师，是圣包托尔夫斯教堂的教区牧师，直到他后来追随清教主义。他逃到马萨诸塞州的波士顿，在那里成为民间的宗教领袖〔noncombatant〕A member of the armed forces, such as a chaplain or surgeon, whose duties lie outside combat.非战斗人员：武装力量一员，如牧师或医生，其责任在战斗之外〔clerical〕clericals Garments worn by the clergy. clericals 牧师服装，牧师法衣：神职人员所穿的外套〔Buchman〕American evangelist who preached at Oxford University in the 1920's, where he founded the Oxford Group, or Buchmanism, which later became the nucleus of Moral Re-Armament.布克曼，弗兰克·内森·丹尼尔：(1878-1961) 美国牧师，20世纪20年代在牛津大学传教，在该大学创建牛津团契或布克曼主义，后来成为道德重整运动的核心〔order〕Often orders The rank of an ordained Christian minister or priest. 常作 orders 神职：天主教牧师或僧侣的职位〔chaplain〕A member of the clergy who is connected with a royal court or an aristocratic household.牧师：王宫或贵族府邸里的牧师〔cloth〕The characteristic attire of a profession, especially that of the clergy.某行业特定的衣服：某一行业的人所穿的衣服，尤指牧师所穿衣服〔vicarial〕Of or relating to a vicar.牧师的：牧师的或与牧师有关的〔consecrate〕To initiate (a priest) into the order of bishops.使就圣职：授予（一个牧师）主教的职位〔Gladden〕American cleric and proponent of the "social gospel,” the application of fundamental Christian ideals to contemporary social problems.格拉登，华盛顿：(1836-1918) 美国“社会信条”的牧师和辩护者，“社会信条”是主要的基督教思想对现代社会问题的应用〔Cutler〕American cleric, botanist, and pioneer noted for his study of New England flora and as a central figure in the settlement of the Ohio River valley.卡特勒，玛拿西：(1742-1823) 美国牧师、植物学家和拓荒者，以其对新英格兰植物群的研究而著称。他作为俄亥俄河河谷殖民地的中心人物而闻名〔graham〕After Sylvester Graham (1794-1851), American cleric and social reformer 源自西尔维斯特 格雷厄姆 (1794-1851年），美国牧师和社会革命者 〔secular〕Not bound by monastic restrictions, especially not belonging to a religious order. Used of the clergy.不受修道院誓约约束的：不受修道院限制约束的，尤指不受宗教法令约束的。用于牧师〔Coverdale〕English cleric and scholar who produced the first complete English translation of the Bible (1535).科弗代尔，迈尔斯：(1488-1568) 英国牧师和学者，他首次刊印了整本的圣经英译本(1535年）〔pastoral〕Of or relating to a pastor or the duties of a pastor:牧师的：牧师或牧师职务的，与牧师或牧师职务有关的：〔Dan〕Used formerly as a title of honor for respected men, such as clerics and poets.先生：以前用作对受尊敬人的称呼，如牧师和诗人们〔Beecher〕American cleric. A fiery preacher, moderate Calvinist theologian, and resolute abolitionist, he was the father ofCatharine Esther Beecher (1800-1878), who promoted equal educational opportunities for women; Edward Beecher (1803-1895), a clergyman and educator noted for his abolitionist views and writings; and Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887), a clergyman and newspaper editor famous for his abolitionist orations. Harriet Beecher Stowe was another of Lyman's children. 比彻尔，吕曼：(1775-1863) 美国牧师，热情的传道士、不激进的加尔文派神学家和坚定的废奴主义者。他的四个子女，凯瑟琳·埃丝特·比彻尔 （1800-1878年），她倡导了向妇女提供平等的受教育机会； 爱德华·比彻尔 （1803-1895年），牧师和教育家，以其废奴主义观点和著作而闻名； 亨利·沃德·比彻尔 （1813-1887年），牧师和报刊编辑，以其废奴主义演讲而著名。哈里特·比彻尔·斯托是莱曼的另一个孩子 〔archpriest〕Used formerly as a title for a priest holding first rank among the members of a cathedral chapter, acting as chief assistant to a bishop.主助祭：从前用作教堂教士中具有最高职位的牧师称号，他作为主教的主要副手〔rectory〕The house in which a parish priest or minister lives.教区长住宅：教区神父或牧师居住的房子〔archpriest〕presbuteros [priest] * see presbyter presbuteros [牧师] * 参见 presbyter〔minister〕One who is authorized to perform religious functions in a Christian church, especially a Protestant church.牧师：基督教会中，尤指在新教中被授权进行宗教活动的人〔supply〕A cleric serving as a substitute or temporary pastor.牧师代理人：临时替代者或代理牧师〔alb〕A long, white linen robe with tapered sleeves worn by a priest at Mass.白长袍：牧师做弥撒时穿的袖子渐细的白色亚麻长袍〔chaplain〕A member of the clergy attached to a chapel.牧师：附属小教堂的牧师〔chaplain〕A member of the clergy attached to a branch of the armed forces.随军牧师：从属于某一支军队的牧师〔Wigglesworth〕English-born American cleric and poet whose works include the popular poemThe Day of Doom (1662). 威格尔斯沃思，迈克尔：(1631-1705) 英裔美国牧师和诗人，他的作品包括受广大人民喜欢的诗歌《世界末日》 （1662年） |
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