| 单词 | 物理 |
| 释义 | 〔physical〕from Latin physica [physics] * see physics 源自 拉丁语 physica [物理] * 参见 physics〔delouse〕To rid (a person or an animal) of lice by physical or chemical means.除虱，灭虱：用物理或化学方法去掉（人或动物身上的）虱子〔planetary〕Of, relating to, or resembling the physical or orbital characteristics of a planet or the planets.行星的：属于、关于或类似于一个行星或多颗行星的物理或轨道特性的〔headquarters〕But the singular is sometimes preferred when reference is to authority rather than to physical location: 但有时所指代之物为权威而不是物理位置时，单数则更受欢迎： 〔metabolism〕The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. In metabolism some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized.新陈代谢：维持生命所必需的，发生于存活细胞中或生物体中的物理和化学过程的总和。在此过程中，一些物质被分解从而为生命过程提供能量，而另一些维持生命所必需的物质则被合成〔physical〕Of or relating to matter and energy or the sciences dealing with them, especially physics.自然法则的：研究物体和能量的科学的，或与之有关的，尤指物理的〔physics〕(used with a pl. verb)Physical properties, interactions, processes, or laws:（与复数动词连用）物理的性质、关系、过程或规则：〔corporeity〕The state of being material or corporeal; physical existence.形体的存在：物质的或有形的状态；物理的存在〔coefficient〕A numerical measure of a physical or chemical property that is constant for a system under specified conditions such as the coefficient of friction.系数，率：物理或化学性质的数值度量，在规定条件下对于一个系统来说它是常量，例如摩擦系数〔nonmetal〕Any of a number of elements, such as oxygen or sulfur, that lack the physical and chemical properties of metals.非金属：一种元素，如氧或硫，其没有金属的物理和化学性质〔cure〕To prepare, preserve, or finish (a substance) by a chemical or physical process.制备，保存：用化学或物理方法制备、保存或润饰（某物质）〔perturbation〕A small change in a physical system.微扰：物理体系中的微小变化〔Somerville〕British mathematician and astronomer whosePhysical Geography (1848) won her international acclaim. The first women's college at Oxford University was funded by and named after her. 萨默维尔，玛丽·费尔法克斯·格雷戈：(1780-1872) 英国数学家和天文学家，其著作《物理地理》 （1848年）为其赢得了国际声誉。牛津大学的第一个女子学院就是由其资助并以其命名的 〔metastable〕Of, relating to, or being a relatively unstable and transient but significant state of a chemical or physical system, as of a supersaturated solution or an excited atom.亚稳的，准稳的：属于、关于或作为一个化学或物理体系的一个相对不稳定、短暂但重要的状态的，如一过饱和溶剂的或一活跃原子的〔physicochemical〕Relating to both physical and chemical properties.物理和化学的：与物理和化学特性均有关的〔temper〕To bring to a desired consistency, texture, hardness, or other physical condition by or as if by blending, admixing, or kneading:调：通过或如通过混和、融和或揉捏来使其达到所需的坚固性、质地、硬度或其它物理状态：〔metaphysics〕phusika [physics] * see physics phusika [物理] * 参见 physics〔mentalism〕The belief that some mental phenomena cannot be explained by physical laws.心灵主义：认为一些精神现象是不能用物理法则来加以解释的观点〔analogue〕Often analog Of, relating to, or being a device in which data are represented by variable measurable physical quantities. 常作 analog 类比数据的：关于或作为一种仪器，其数据由可测物理变量代表〔classical〕Of or relating to nonrelativistic or nonquantum physics:非量子物理的，经典的：不属于相对论物理和量子论物理的：〔environment〕The combination of external physical conditions that affect and influence the growth, development, and survival of organisms:外在物理条件：作用和影响这群生物体的生长、发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和：〔texture〕"the haunting contours and textures of the physical world"(Joyce Carol Oates)“难忘的物理世界的外形与特征”(乔伊丝·卡罗尔·奥茨)〔gas〕Dutch [an occult physical principle supposed to be present in all bodies] 荷兰语 [一种神秘的物理原则，据估计存在于所有人体] 〔cure〕To be prepared, preserved, or finished by a chemical or physical process:制备，保存：通过化学或物理方法来制备、保存或润饰：〔lithostratigraphy〕Stratigraphy based on the physical and petrographic properties of rocks.岩石层位学：以岩石的物理和岩相性质为基础的地层学〔polarity〕Intrinsic polar separation, alignment, or orientation, especially of a physical property:（二）极性，极：固有的二级分化、排列或定向，特别是作为一种物理属性：〔hardware〕Machines and other physical equipment directly involved in performing an industrial, technological, or military function.硬件：机器或其它直接参与实现某种工业的、技术的或军用的功能的物理设备〔physiognomy〕phusio- [physio-] phusio- [表示“物理、自然、天文、身体”等意] 〔phenotype〕The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.表现型：有机体上可观察到的物理或生化特征，如由遗传组成或环境影响决定〔conserve〕To keep (a quantity) constant through physical or chemical reactions or evolutionary changes.守恒：在物理、化学反应过程中或演化过程中保持（一种数量）恒定不变〔psychophysics〕The branch of psychology that deals with the relationships between physical stimuli and sensory response.精神物理学：心理学的一支，研究物理刺激和感官反应之间的关系〔vitalism〕The theory or doctrine that life processes arise from or contain a nonmaterial vital principle and cannot be explained entirely as physical and chemical phenomena.生机论：一种理论或学说，认为生命的过程来自于或包含有一种非物质的生命原则，不能完全解释为物理和化学现象〔astrophysics〕The branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of stellar phenomena.天体物理学：天文学的一个分支，从事星球现象的物理研究〔somatotherapy〕Treatment of mental illness by physical means, such as drugs, shock therapy, or lobotomy.躯体性疗法：通过物理方法如药物、休克疗法或脑白质切断术等对精神疾病的治疗方法〔size〕The physical dimensions, proportions, magnitude, or extent of an object.大小，尺寸：某物体的物理尺寸、比例、大小或广度〔stalactite〕The wordsstalagmite and stalactite have confused many a person. A look into the history of the Greek sources of these two words may help.Both words can be traced back to the wordstalassein, "to drip,” which is appropriatesince both words denote deposits in caves formed by the dripping of mineral-rich water.The Greek base from whichstalassein was formed was stalak- and to this base were added several endings that concern us,specifically-ma, a noun suffix most frequently denoting the result of an action, -mo-, a suffix denoting the action of a verb as well as a result, and -to-, an adjective suffix forming verbal adjectives. With these suffixes and the addition of the inflectional endings, as well as a sound change from (k) to (g) before (m),we getstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” stalagmos, "dropping, dripping of stalactites,” and stalaktos, "dropping, dripping.” Using these Greek words,Olaus Wormius formed the Modern Latin wordstalactītēs, the stalac- part meaning "dripping" and the-ītēs part being commonly used to name fossils and minerals when preceded by a form expressing a physical characteristic, in this case "dripping.” Wormius also used the termstalagmītēs, the stalag- portion expressing the notion of what drops, taken either fromstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” or stalagmos, "dropping of stalactites.” Stalactītēs and stalagmītēs, of course, are the sources of our English words stalactite (first recorded in 1677), the formation on the tops of caves, and stalagmite (first recorded in 1681), the formation on the bottoms of caves. They have been causing trouble ever since.单词stalagmite 和 stalactite 令许多人混淆。 对这两个词的希腊起源历史进行研究可能会帮助理解。这两个字都能追溯到单词stalassein （“滴下”）， 这是很恰当的，因为两个字都表示洞里由富含矿物的水下滴而形成的沉积。形成stalassein 的希腊根源是 stalak- ， 在这个根源上加上几个与我们有关的词尾，特别是-ma （往往用来表示动作结果的名词后缀）， -mo- （用来表示动词的动作和结果的后缀）和 -to- （形成动词性形容词的形容词后缀）。 通过这些后缀和屈折变化词尾的添加以及在(m)前面由(k)到(g)的变音，我们得到了stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）、 stalagmos “滴，滴下钟乳石”和 stalaktos （“落下，滴下的”）。 利用这些希腊字，奥罗斯·沃米斯组成了现代拉丁单词stalactites ， stalac- 意指“滴”。 而-ites 当由一个表示物理特征的形式开头时，通常用来表示化石和矿物，指“滴下”。 沃米斯也使用stalagmites ， stalag- 表示滴下的东西的概念， 源于stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）或 stalagmos （“滴下的钟乳石”）。 stalacitites 和 stalagmites ，当然是我们的英语单词 stalactite （首次出现于1677年）即洞穴顶部的形成物和 stalagmite （最早记载于1681年）即洞穴底部的形成物的源头。 自那以后它们就常造成一些麻烦〔input〕The nouninput has been used as a technical term for about a century in fields such as physics and electrical engineering, but its recent popularity grows out of its use in computer science,where it refers to data or signals entered into a system for processing or transmission.In general discourseinput is now widely used to refer to the transmission of information and opinion, as inThe report questioned whether a President thus shielded had access to a sufficiently varied input to have a realistic picture of the nation or The nominee herself had no input on housing policy. In this last sentence the meaning of the term is uncertain:it may mean either that the nominee provided no opinions to the policymakersor that she received no information about housing policy.This vagueness in the nontechnical use ofinput may be one reason that some critics have objected to it (including, in an earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel). Though the usage is well established,care should be taken not to use the word merely as a way of pretending to a scientific precision unwarranted by the facts of the case.名词input 作为一个专业名词在象物理和电子工程领域已经被用了大约一个世纪， 但是它在计算机科学上的最新流行超出了原来的用法，在计算机科学上它指输入系统进行运行或传送的信息和信号。总的来说，input 广泛地用来指信息和观点的传送， 就象在报告怀疑这样保护起来的总统是否能获得接近足够多样信息的机会，从而有一幅这个国家的现实图景 或 被提名人自己没有关于房产政策的任何信息 。 在后一句中单词的定义是不确定的：它既可以指被提名人未向决策者提供任何建议，也可以指她未收到任何有关房产政策的信息。这种模糊在input 的非专业用法中有可能是一些批评家反对它（在一个早期调查中，其中包括大部分用法专题小组成员）的一个原因。 尽管这种用法已完全确立，用这个词时也应谨慎，不能把这个词仅仅用来伪装一种科学的精确性，而在这样的情况下，如此的精确性是不被事实所证明的〔reductionism〕An attempt or a tendency to explain complex phenomena or structures by relatively simple principles, as by asserting that life processes or mental acts are instances of chemical and physical laws:简化论：用相对简单的原理解释复杂现象或结构的企图或趋势，这种理论认为生命过程或思维活动是遵循物理和化学法则的：〔stereochemistry〕The branch of chemistry that deals with spatial arrangements of atoms in molecules and the effects of these arrangements on the chemical and physical properties of substances.立体化学：化学中的一支，以原子在分子中的空间排列及这些排列对物质化学和物理属性的影响为研究对象〔gestalt〕A physical, biological, psychological, or symbolic configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that its properties cannot be derived from a simple summation of its parts.格式塔：物理的、生物的、心理的或象征的结构或形态，其构成因素并不是各组成部分间的简单相加，而是一种完整的结构或形式 |
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