| 单词 | 牲畜 |
| 释义 | 〔stockyard〕A large enclosed yard, usually with pens or stables, in which livestock, such as cattle or pigs, are temporarily kept until slaughtered, sold, or shipped elsewhere.牲畜围场：大的圈围的场院，常有栅栏与牲口棚，牲畜（如牛或猪等）被暂时放置其中，直至被宰杀、出售或运到别处〔transhumance〕from transhumer [to move livestock seasonally] 源自 transhumer [季节性地迁移牲畜] 〔master〕The owner of a slave or an animal.（奴隶、牲畜等的）拥有者〔graze〕To put (livestock) out to feed.放牧：把（牲畜）带出吃草〔stud〕Middle English stod [establishment for breeding horses] 中古英语 stod [供配种使用的牲畜场] 〔gerrymander〕"An official statement of the returns of voters for senators give[s] twenty nine friends of peace, and eleven gerrymanders.”So reported the May 12, 1813, edition of theMassachusetts Spy. A gerrymander sounds like a strange political beast,which in fact it is, considered from a historical perspective.This beast was named by combining the wordsalamander, "a small lizardlike amphibian,” with the last name of Elbridge Gerry, a former governor of Massachusetts— a state noted for its varied, often colorful political fauna.Gerry (whose name, incidentally, was pronounced with a hardg, though gerrymander is now commonly pronounced with a soft g ) was immortalized in this way because an election district created by members of his party in 1812 looked like a salamander.According to one version of howgerrymander was coined, the shape of the district attracted the eye of the painter Gilbert Stuart,who noticed it on a map hanging in a newspaper editor's office.Stuart decorated the map with a head, wings, and clawsand then said to the editor, "That will do for a salamander!”"Gerrymander!” came the reply.A new political beast was created then and there.The word is first recorded in April 1812 with respect to the creature or its caricature,but it soon came to mean not only "the action of shaping a district to gain political advantage"but also "any representative elected from such a district by that method.”Within the same yeargerrymander was also recorded as a verb. “一份答复参议员选举人的官方声明宣布了二十九个和平伙伴和十一个不公正划分的选区。”在1813年3月12日的一期马萨诸塞州观察报 上有如上报导。 一个不公正划分选区听起来象是一个奇怪的政治怪兽，事实上它是来自历史上的观点。这个怪兽是由两个词合并而命名的，即salamander “一种蜥蜴状的两栖动物，”及马萨诸塞州州长埃尔布里奇·格里的姓。 而马萨诸萨州以其多变的、通常多姿多彩的政治动物群而闻名。格里（他的名字碰巧发重音g， 尽管 gerrymander 现在普遍发轻音 g， ）以此种方式而垂名史册， 因为1812年由他所在党成员组建的选举区就象一只蝾螈。根据一种gerrymander 如何被创造的观点， 该区的形状吸引了一位画家基尔伯特·斯图亚特，他在一家报纸的主编办公室里挂在墙上的地图中发现了它。斯图尔特又画上头、翅膀和爪子，然后对主编说，“那就象只蝾螈了！”"Gerrymander！”主编回答道。此时此地一个新的政治怪兽产生了。这个词于1812年4月首次被记录是在谈到这种牲畜或讽刺的画中，但很快，它就不仅意味“为赢得政治优势的改变区划的行动”，而且有“用此种方法选出的任何代表”的意思。同年gerrymander 也被作为一个动词而记载下来 〔thoroughbred〕Bred of pure stock; purebred.纯种的：纯的牲畜；纯种的〔corral〕An enclosure for confining livestock.畜栏：用来圈住牲畜的围栏〔paddock〕A fenced area, usually near a stable, used chiefly for grazing horses.围场：被围起来的地区，通常靠近牲畜厩，主要用来牧马〔massacre〕The slaughter of a large number of animals.（对大量牲畜的）大批屠宰〔drench〕A large dose of liquid medicine, especially one administered to an animal by pouring down the throat.大剂量药液：大剂量药液，尤其被灌下牲畜喉咙的〔leader〕The foremost animal, such as a horse or dog, in a harnessed team.领头动物：套有头具的一组牲畜中走在前面的动物，如领头马或狗〔pantomime〕A traditional British Christmas entertainment for children, usually based on nursery tales and featuring stock characters in costume who sing, dance, and perform skits.童话剧：为儿童演的一种传统的英国圣诞节娱乐剧，常以幼儿园故事为基础，演员装扮成牲畜进行唱歌、跳舞和表演滑稽剧〔herdsman〕An owner or a breeder of livestock.牧主或牧工：牲畜的拥有者或饲养者〔pen〕A fenced enclosure for animals.畜栏：一种圈养牲畜的围栏地〔transhumance〕Transfer of livestock from one grazing ground to another, as from lowlands to highlands, with the changing of seasons.迁徙：随着季节的变化将牲畜从一块牧场赶到另外一块牧场，如从低地移到高地〔flock〕These nouns denote a number of animals, birds, or fish considered collectively,and some have human connotations.这些名词用来指一些牲畜、鸟或鱼类的集合，有些也可指人。〔flock〕 Flock is applied to a congregation of animals of one kind, especially sheep or goats herded by human beings,and to any congregation of wild or domesticated birds, especially when on the ground.It is also applicable to people who form the membership of a church or to people under someone's care or supervision. Flock 适用于尤指由人类放养的绵羊或山羊等一群同类的牲畜，还适用于任何一群在地面上活动的野生的或家养的禽类动物，也适用于组成同一教派的成员们或受某人管理或监督的一些人。〔corn〕The grains or kernels of this plant, used as food for human beings and livestock or for the extraction of an edible oil or starch.谷粒：这种植物的颗粒，是人类和牲畜的食品，也用来提取食用油或淀粉〔graze〕To feed on the herbage of (a piece of land).放牧：放（牲畜）吃（一块地上的）草〔pasture〕To provide (animals) with pasturage. Used of land.提供牧草：为（牲畜）提供牧草。用于指土地〔browse〕Young twigs, leaves, and shoots that are fit for animals to eat.牲畜吃的嫩枝，嫩叶〔fodder〕Feed for livestock, especially coarsely chopped hay or straw.草料：尤指以干草或稻草粗割的喂牲畜的饲料〔goad〕A long stick with a pointed end used for prodding animals.剌棒：一端尖的长木棍，用来驱赶牲畜〔animal〕An animal organism other than a human being, especially a mammal.兽，牲畜：不包括人在内的动物，尤指哺乳动物〔rack〕A receptacle for livestock feed.饲草架：喂牲畜的容器〔feedstuff〕Food for livestock; fodder.饲料：牲畜的食物；草料〔bedding〕Material, especially straw, on which animals sleep.牲畜睡于其上的材料，尤指稻草〔gad〕A goad, as for prodding cattle.刺棒：赶牲畜用的尖头棒〔wrangle〕To herd (horses or other livestock).放牧：放牧（马或其它牲畜）〔range〕An extensive area of open land on which livestock wander and graze.放牧区：牲畜游荡和喂食的广袤地区〔plowboy〕A boy who leads or guides a team of animals in plowing.耕童：在耕地时牵着或带领一队牲畜的男孩〔subtherapeutic〕subtherapeutic feeding of penicillin to livestock.给牲畜喂低剂量的盘尼西林〔stockman〕A man who is in charge of livestock or works on a stock farm.畜牧工：管理牲畜或在畜牧场工作的人〔drench〕To administer a large oral dose of liquid medicine to (an animal).灌药：（给牲畜）灌下大剂量口服液体药物〔husband〕We gain an insight into the history of the wordhusband by considering the Old English word hūsbōnde, meaning "the mistress of a house.”Ifhūsbōnde had survived into Modern English, husband, its modern form, would have been very ambiguous.The fact thathūsbōnde could mean "mistress of a house" helps us see the elements that make up the Old English ancestor of our wordhusband. Hūscorresponds to house. The element-bōnde is the feminine form of -bōnda, the second element of Old Englishhūsbōnda. The entire Old English word is a borrowing of the Old Icelandic wordhūsbōndi, meaning "the master of a house.”The second element inhūsbōndi, bōndi, means "a man who has land and stock" and comes from the verbbūa, meaning "to live, dwell, have a household.” The master of the house was of course usually the spouse of a wife as well,and it would seem that our main current sense ofhusband arises from this overlap. 考察一下古英语中husbonde 这个词，我们就会对 husband 这个词的历史有一定了解， 意思是“房子的女主人”。假如husbonde 这个词能留存在现代英语中， 作为husbonde 的现代形式， 它的意思会变得很模糊。husbonde 的意思是“房子的女主人”， 这有助于我们找出那些构成古英语中我们今天的husband这个词的前身。 Hus对应 house 。 -bonde 是 -bonda 的阴性形式， 古英语中 husbonda 的第二个部分。 这个古英语中的词整体上借自冰岛语中的 husbondi ， 意思是“房子的男主人”。husbondi, bondi 第二部分的意思是“一个拥有土地和牲畜的男子”， 它来自动词 bua ，意思是“生活、居住、拥有一个家”。 一座房子的男主人当然通常也是妻子的配偶，看起来今天husband 这个词的中心意思源于这种重叠 〔feeder〕One that is fed, especially an animal that is being fattened for market.进食者，尤指养肥备卖的牲畜〔shrinkage〕The total weight loss sustained by livestock in shipment to a market.重量耗损：牲畜在运往市场途中损耗掉的总重量〔plow〕A farm implement consisting of a heavy blade at the end of a beam, usually hitched to a draft team or motor vehicle and used for breaking up soil and cutting furrows in preparation for sowing.犁：一种农具，由在一根横梁端部的厚重的刃构成，通常系在一组牵引它的牲畜或机动车上，用来破碎土块并耕出槽沟从而为播种做好准备〔pasture〕To herd (animals) into a pasture to graze.放牧：把（牲畜）赶到牧场吃草 |
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