| 单词 | 特有的 |
| 释义 | 〔life〕The characteristic state or condition of a living organism.生命：活的有机物特有的状态或状况〔female〕Characteristic of or appropriate to this sex; feminine.See Synonyms at feminine 女性的，女人特有的：这种性别特有的或适于这种性别的；表示妇女特性的 参见 feminine〔slang〕Language peculiar to a group; argot or jargon:行话：某一组织所特有的语言；隐语或术语：〔peculiar〕rights peculiar to the rich; a species peculiar to this area.富人所特有的权力；这个地区所特有的物种〔intonation〕A use of pitch characteristic of a speaker or dialect:声调：说话人或方言特有的音高的使用：〔symptom〕A characteristic sign or indication of the existence of something else:征候，征兆：表明某种其他事物存在的特有的迹象或表征：〔twang〕A strongly nasal tone of voice, especially as a peculiarity of certain regional dialects.鼻音，土音：说话时的浓厚的鼻音，尤指某些地方方言的特有的口音〔proprietary〕a proprietary air.业主所特有的架子〔posh〕"Oh yes, Mater, we had a posh time of it down there.”So inPunch for September 25, 1918, do we find the first recorded instance of that mysterious wordposh, meaning "smart and fashionable,”although in a 1903 book by P.G. Wodehouse,Tales of St. Austin's, there is a mention of a waistcoat that was "push.” The latter may be a different word,but in either case the dates of occurrence are importantbecause they are part of the objection to derivingposh from the initials of "Port Out, Starboard Home.” This was the cooler, and thus more expensive, side of ships traveling between England and India in the mid-19th century,and the acronymPOSH was supposedly stamped on the tickets of first-class passengers traveling on that side of ships owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. No evidence is definitely known to exist for this theory, however.TheOxford English Dictionary Supplement may have found a possible source or sources for posh. Another wordposh was 19th- and early 20th-century British slang for "money,” specifically "a halfpenny, cash of small value.”This word is borrowed from the common Romany wordpåšh, "half,” which was used in combinations such aspåšhera, "halfpenny.” Posh, also meaning "a dandy,” is recorded in two dictionaries of slang published in 1890 and 1902,although this particularposh may be still another word. This word or these words, however, are much more likely to be the source ofposh than "Port Out, Starboard Home,” although the latter source certainly has caught the public's etymological fancy.“哦是的，妈妈，我们在那里过着豪华的生活。”因此在1918年9月25日的punch 上， 我们看到了那个神秘单词posh 的首次记录， 意为“豪华的，时髦的，”虽然早在1903年P·G·伍德豪斯的名为圣·奥斯汀传说 的作品中就提及了意为"push"的马夹这个词。 后者也可能是另外一个不同的词，但在任何一种情况下两者被使用的时间都很重要，因为它们都反对posh 这个词源于"Port Out，Starboard Home。” 这是意指19世纪中期往来于英格兰及印度的船只中较凉爽、因而票价也就较为昂贵的一侧，而POSH 这个首字缩拼词据说就印在半岛——东方蒸汽船航运公司所拥有的船只上较为凉爽的一侧头等舱的票上。 然而对于这一说法并没有确凿的证据来加以证明。牛津英语词典增补本 也许为 posh 找到了一个或多个可能的词源。 另一个词posh 则是19世纪和20世纪初英国人用来表示“钱”的俚语， 尤指“半便士，小面值钱币。”这个词源于吉卜赛常用词på歨 ，意为“一半”， 用在诸如意为“半便士”的复合词på歨era 中。 Posh 也有“花花公子”之意， 这一用法记录于1890年及1902年出版的两本俚语词典中，尽管这个特有的posh 也有可能是另一个词。 然而这个词及上文提到的那些词比"Port Out，Starboard Home"更有可能是posh 这个词的词源， 虽然后者早被人们确认为这个词的词源〔specific〕Special, distinctive, or unique:特有的：特种的、特质的或独特的：〔idiosyncrasy〕A structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an individual or a group.See Synonyms at eccentricity 特质，个性：个人或某个团体所特有的结构或行为上的特点 参见 eccentricity〔symmetry〕A relationship of characteristic correspondence, equivalence, or identity among constituents of an entity or between different entities:对称性：一个实体或在不同的实体中的组成要素之间的特有的对应、相当或相同的关系：〔western〕Native to or growing in the west.西部特有的，生长在西部的〔methodology〕Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge.In this sense,one may speak ofobjections to the methodology of a geographic survey (i.e., objections dealing with the appropriateness of the methods used) or of themethodology of modern cognitive psychology (i.e., the principles and practices that underlie research in the field). In recent years, however,methodology has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for method in scientific and technical contexts, as inThe oil company has not yet decided on a methodology for restoring the beaches. This usage may have been fostered in part by the tendency to use the adjectivemethodological to mean "pertaining to methods,” in as much as the regularly formed adjectivemethodical has been preempted to mean "orderly, systematic.” But the misuse ofmethodology obscures an important conceptual distinction between the tools of scientific investigation (properly methods ) and the principles that determine how such tools are deployed and interpreted—a distinction that the scientific and scholarly communities, if not the wider public,should be expected to maintain.Methodology 可指对一个学科的研究方法进行的理论分析， 也可指一个学科特有的一整套方法与步骤。在这种意义上，人们可以说对于一个地理调查所用方法提出的异议 （即，关于所用方法是否适当所提的异议）， 也可以说现代认知心理学的研究方法 （即，形成一门学科的研究基础的原则和方法）。 然而，近些年来，在科学、技术语境中，methodology 越来越多地被用做颇带炫耀夸张色彩的 method 的替换词， 如说石油公司尚未决定恢复海滩环境的方法。 这种用法可能部分地起因于用形容词methodological 来表示“与方法有关的”意思的倾向， 因为用常规方法构成的形容词methodical 已先行意味着“有序的，有系统的”。 但是methodology 的这种错误用法模糊了一个重要的概念区分，那就是科学研究的方法（正确的说法应是 methods )和决定这些方法如何运用和阐释的原则之间的区分——这个区分， 如果不为更多的大众所认识，至少应为科学和学者圈子所坚持〔flow〕"An athlete must learn toforget the details of his or her training to achieve the instinctive sense of flow that characterizes a champion" (Frederick Turner)“一名运动员必须学会忘记 他或她训练的细节，以获得一个冠军所特有的那种从容不迫的特质” (弗雷德里克·特纳)〔womanfully〕With the characteristic grace, strength, or purposefulness of a woman:女性地，女人地：具有妇女的特有的风度、活力或果断地：〔hop〕hops The dried, ripe flowers of this plant, containing a bitter, aromatic oil. They are used in the brewing industry to prevent bacterial action and add the characteristic bitter taste to beer. hops 啤酒花：这种植物晒干的成熟花朵，含有苦味，芳香的油被用于酿造业以防止细菌活动并增加啤酒特有的苦味〔slanguage〕the slanguage of the street; a glossary of Chicago slanguage.这条街上特有的俚语；芝加哥特有俚语汇编〔eccentricity〕The use of lowercase letters for capital letters was one of the idiosyncrasies of the poet e.e. cummings.用小写字母代替大写字母是诗人e.e.卡明斯特有的风格。〔American〕Indigenous to North or South America. Used of plants and animals.原产于美洲的，美洲特有的：北美洲或南美洲特有的。用于指植物和动物〔continental〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of a continent.大陆的：大陆的、与之有关的或大陆特有的〔endemic〕Prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people:地方性的：某一特定地方、地区或人群所特有的或普遍的：〔highland〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of a highland.高地的：与高地有关的，高地特有的〔brand〕A distinctive category; a particular kind:类型：特有的类别；特殊类型：〔journalese〕The style of writing often held to be characteristic of newspapers and magazines, distinguished by clichés, sensationalism, and triteness of thought.（低劣的）新闻文体：常常被认为是报刊杂志所特有的文体，以陈词套词、追求轰动效应、及思想陈腐为特征〔specific〕Relating to, characterizing, or distinguishing a species.种：物种特有的、与物种有关的或区分物种的〔idiopathy〕idio- [idio-] idio- [前缀，表“个人的，特有的”] 〔typical〕Of or relating to a representative specimen; characteristic or distinctive.和物种的代表有关的；特有的或特别的〔zapateado〕The rhythmic stamping of the heels characteristic of Spanish flamenco dances. 踢达舞：西班牙弗拉曼柯舞中特有的有节奏地踏足〔roan〕The characteristic coloring of a roan horse.枣红色马特有的颜色〔puppyish〕Resembling or characteristic of a puppy.小狗的：像小狗的或小狗特有的〔mystery〕Often mysteries The skills, lore, or practices that are peculiar to a particular activity or group and are regarded as the special province of initiates: 常作 mysteries 秘技，秘诀：某一特殊活动或团体所特有的技能、智慧或经验，并被看作是上帝的特殊创造：〔syndrome〕A distinctive or characteristic pattern of behavior:特有的或有个性的行为方式：〔boyish〕Characteristic of or befitting a boy:男孩子气的：男孩子所特有的或适宜于男孩子的：〔inquiline〕An animal that characteristically lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an animal of another species.寄食动物：一种特有的动物，与另一种类动物共栖在同一巢、穴或栖息地〔call〕The characteristic cry of an animal.鸣：动物特有的叫声〔air〕A peculiar or characteristic impression; an aura.气氛，外观：独特或特有的印象；气氛〔idiomatic〕Peculiar to or characteristic of the style or manner of a particular group or people.特有的，独特的：特定人群或民族特有或独有的风俗或习惯的〔individual〕Serving to identify or set apart:特有的，独有的：可以用来辨别或区分特别之处的：〔lemony〕Having the characteristic odor, flavor, or color of lemons.柠檬香的，柠檬味的，柠檬色的：具有柠檬特有的香味、味道或颜色的 |
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