| 单词 | 犹太人 |
| 释义 | 〔Josephus〕Jewish general and historian who took part in the Jewish revolt against the Romans. HisHistory of the Jewish War is the major source of information about the siege of Masada (72-73). 约瑟夫斯，弗莱维厄斯：() 犹太将领、历史学家，曾参加犹太人反对罗马人的起义。他的《犹太战争史》 是关于马萨达围困(72-73年）的重要史料来源 〔Ladino〕A Romance language with elements borrowed from Hebrew that is spoken by Sephardic Jews especially in the Balkans. Also called Judeo-Spanish 拉地诺语：一种罗马语言，其成分主要来自巴尔干半岛的西班牙系为犹太人所说的希伯来语 也作 Judeo-Spanish〔Simeon〕In the New Testament, the devout Jew who proclaimed the Nunc Dimittis while holding the infant Jesus in his arms.西面：《新约全书》中一个虔诚的犹太人，他把幼小的耶稣抱在怀中颂读了西面祈祷语〔Diaspora〕The dispersion of Jews outside of Israel from the sixth centuryb.c. , when the Jews were exiled to Babylonia, until the present time. 大流散：从公元前 6世纪被驱逐到巴比伦起直到现在，犹太人在以色列以外的分散状况 〔Yizkor〕A Jewish memorial service for the dead.追悼仪式：犹太人对亡者的纪念仪式〔Semitism〕A policy or predisposition in favor of Jews.亲犹太人主义：亲犹太人的政策或倾向〔Lubavitcher〕from Libavitsh [Jewish town in Russia where the movement originated] 源自 利伯维茨 [这场运动发源的犹太人城镇，位于俄国] 〔postexilic〕Of or relating to the period of Jewish history following the Babylonian captivity (after 586b.c. ). 放逐期后的：巴比伦囚禁这段历史之后的犹太人的历史的（即公元前 586年之后），或与其有关的 〔ghetto〕A section or quarter in a European city to which Jews were formerly restricted.犹太人区，犹太人街：欧洲城市中以前犹太人被限制的地区〔tallith〕A shawl with ritually knotted fringe at each of four corners worn by Jews, especially at morning prayer. Also called prayer shawl 犹太人所穿戴的四个角皆有礼仪式拧结成穗饰的披巾，尤指在晨祷时 也作 prayer shawl〔Jewess〕Like the feminine forms of other ethnic terms, such asNegress, the wordJewess has come to be widely regarded as offensive, since it seems to imply that the conjunction of Jewishness and female sex is sufficient to establish a distinct racial or social category.Where reference to gender is relevant,the phraseJewish woman can be used: 象其它种族名词的阴性形式一样，如Negess ， 单词Jewess 已被普遍地当作一种无礼的用法， 因为它看来似乎是犹太人和女性的结合就足以形成一个独特的种族和社会类别。为了表达与性别相关时，词组Jewish woman 可以这样用： 〔Ezekiel〕A Hebrew prophet of the sixth centuryb.c. who called for the Jews exiled in Babylon to return to godliness and faith. 以西结：公元前 6世纪，希伯来预言家，号召犹太人出走巴比伦以回归敬神和信仰 〔Hellenist〕One in Hellenistic times who adopted the Greek language and culture, especially a Jew of the Diaspora.希腊化的非希腊人：希腊文化时代在语言及文化方面希腊化的非希腊人，尤指流散在外的海外犹太人〔jubilarian〕A person celebrating a jubilee.庆祝者：庆祝犹太人五十年节的人〔Zion〕The Jewish people; Israel.犹太人，以色列〔Hebrew〕A member or descendant of a northern Semitic people, claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; an Israelite; a Jew.希伯来人，犹太人：北方闪米特民族的一员或后裔，自称是亚伯拉罕、以撒克和雅各的后代；古以色列人；犹太人〔menorah〕A nine-branched candelabrum used in celebration of Hanukkah.九分枝圣烛台：犹太人庆祝献殿节用的装有九个分枝的枝形烛台〔Logos〕In Hellenistic Judaism, a hypostasis associated with divine wisdom.在希腊犹太人教中的神格之一，与神的智慧有关系〔Judaic〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of Jews or Judaism:犹太人或犹太教的；具有犹太人或犹太教特征的：〔Israelite〕A descendant of Jacob; a Jew.犹太人：雅各的后代；犹太人〔preexilian〕Relating to the history of the Jews before their exile in Babylonia in the sixth centuryb.c. . 流放前的：关于犹太人在公元前 6世纪流放到巴比伦之前的历史的 〔challah〕A loaf of yeast-leavened, white egg bread, usually braided, traditionally eaten by Jews on the Sabbath, holidays, and other ceremonial occasions.犹太人在宗教节日所食的鸡蛋面包：一种发酵的通常带花边的白色鸡蛋面包，传统上犹太人在安息日、节假日和其他礼仪场合食用〔Shema〕A liturgical prayer consisting of three Scriptural passages (Deuteronomy 6:4-9, 11:13-21, and Numbers 15:37-41) recited twice daily by adult Jewish males to affirm their faith.示玛篇，恭听篇：一种礼拜式祈祷，由三部圣经篇章（《申命记》6:4-9, 11:13-21以及《民数记》15:37-41）构成，成年犹太人每天吟诵两次，以确定其信仰〔Yiddish〕The language historically of Ashkenazic Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, resulting from a fusion of elements derived principally from medieval German dialects and secondarily from Hebrew and Aramaic, various Slavic languages, and Old French and Old Italian.意第绪语：历史上中欧和东欧的犹太人所用的语言，是多种语言的混合，主要来自于中世纪日耳曼方言，其次来自于希伯来语、阿拉姆语和各种斯拉夫语、古法语及古意大利语〔landsman〕A fellow Jew who comes from the same district or town, especially in Eastern Europe.同胞：来自同一地区或城镇尤其是东欧的犹太人同伴〔Esdras〕Either of two books of the Septuagint corresponding to the Hebrew books of Ezra and Nehemiah.以斯拉记上、下：与犹太人的“以斯拉记”和“尼西米记”两本书相吻合〔goy〕from Hebrew gôy [nation, one who is not Jewish, non-Jew, Jew ignorant of the Jewish religion] 源自 希伯来语 gôy [是犹太人地区没有犹太人作风的；不是犹太人的；是犹太人不信犹太教的国家或人] 〔Saturday〕The Sabbath for many Jews.安息日：很多犹太人的安息日〔Reconstructionism〕The branch of Judaism founded in the United States in the 20th century that regards Judaism as a religious civilization and questions the doctrine that the Jews are God's chosen people.犹太复兴运动：20世纪源于美国的犹太教的一支，认为犹太教是一个宗教文明，并对认为犹太人是上帝选定的子民的教条提出质疑〔ephod〕A vestment worn by ancient Hebrew priests.以弗得：古犹太人祭司穿的圣衣〔Hitler〕Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied inMein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945). 希特勒，阿道夫：(1889-1945) 奥地利裔德国纳粹党的创始人，曾任第三帝国(1933-1945年）的总理，他的法西斯哲学主要体现在《我的奋斗》 （1925-1927年）一书中，并得到广大的支持，1934后成为全权独裁者。他执行的侵略性民族主义国家政策，造成了对波兰的入侵和随后的第二次世界大战的爆发，他因对尤其是欧洲犹太人等数百万人口的灭绝政策而臭名昭彰，并于第三帝国即将崩溃时(1945年）自杀 〔minyan〕A minimum of ten Jews or, among the Orthodox, Jewish men required for a communal religious service.法定人数：在犹太正教中举行公众宗教仪式所必需的最少为十名的犹太人〔Benedictus〕A canticle that beginsBenedictus Dominus Deus Israel ("Blessed be the Lord God of Israel"). 赞歌：以感谢犹太人的主 为起始句的赞美诗 〔hell〕The abode of the dead, identified with the Hebrew Sheol and the Greek Hades; the underworld.阴间，冥府：死者居住的地方，与犹太人的阴司和希腊人的阴世相同；冥府〔Masora〕The body of Judaic tradition relating to correct textual reading of the Hebrew scriptures.旧约圣经正解的传统：关于校正希伯来圣经原文读本的犹太人的传统〔Jew〕An adherent of Judaism as a religion or culture.犹太人：在宗教或文化方面秉持犹太主义的拥护者〔Michael〕The guardian archangel of the Jews in the Old Testament.米迦勒：基督教《圣经·旧约》中犹太人的守护天使长〔Hymie〕Used as a disparaging term for a Jew.海咪：用作对犹太人贬义的称呼〔Ezra〕A Hebrew high priest of the fifth centuryb.c. who led many Jews back to Jerusalem after their Babylonian exile. 以斯拉：公元前 5世纪的希伯来人大祭司，在犹太人被放逐到巴比伦以后把他们领回耶路撒冷 〔aliyah〕Immigration of Jews into Israel.大迁徙：犹太人移入以色列 |
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