| 单词 | 王室 |
| 释义 | 〔royal〕Of or relating to a monarch.王国的，王室的：帝王的，与帝王有关的〔naff〕In the dual tradition of looking to one's betters for models of how to use language and American obeisance to British usage,let us look at two British words spellednaff. One is an adjective,meaning "clichéd, unstylish" (first recorded in 1969),that may be derived from dialectal wordssuch asnaffhead, "simpleton,” or niffy-naffy, "stupid.” The othernaff is a verb, usually used in the imperative in combination withoff (first recorded in 1959). This is the delicate injunction that members of the royal family such as Princess Anne have used in requesting members of the press to beat it.The origin ofnaff is unknown, but it has been suggested thatnaff may be related to an older English slang term naf, meaning "the female sexual organ.” Naf has been derived from a backward spelling offan, from fanny. 在看待如何使用语言的模式和美语遵从于英语那个更好的两个传统上，让我们看两个拼写为naff 的美语单词。 一个是形容词，表示“过时的，老调的”（首次记录于1969年），可能源于方言单词，如naffhead “傻子”或 niffy-naffy “愚蠢的”。 另一个naff 是动词， 通常用于命令语气与off 连用（首次记录于1959年）。 这是王室家族成员如安娜公主在要求报刊成员禁用时所使用的微妙禁令。Naff 不知源自何处， 但它表明naff 有与旧英语俚语 naf 相关的迹象表示“女性生殖器官”。 Naf 源于从fanny 而来的逆序拼写形式 fan 〔Vercelli〕A city of northwest Italy west-southwest of Milan. Founded in Roman times, it was ruled by the Visconti family of Milan from 1335 to 1427 and thereafter by the house of Savoy. Population, 51,975.维切利：意大利西北部的一个城市，位于米兰的西南偏西。该城创建于古罗马时代，从1335年起到1427年止受米兰的维斯康第家族的统治，在其后又受制于萨伏伊王室。人口51,975〔princess〕A woman member of a royal family other than the monarch, especially a daughter of a monarch.公主：王室的非君主女性成员，尤指君主的女儿〔equerry〕An officer charged with supervision of the horses belonging to a royal or noble household.掌马官：为王室或贵族掌马的官员〔Montferrat〕A historical region of northwest Italy south of the Po River. Claimed by a noble family of Mantua and the house of Savoy after 1612, it was finally awarded to Savoy by the Peace of Utrecht (1713).蒙费拉：意大利西北部的一个历史地区，位于波河以南。开始为曼图亚一贵族家庭所有，1612年后为萨伏伊王室所有，在乌得勒支和约中该地区被授予萨伏伊(1713年）〔Capet〕A dynasty of French kings (987-1328), includingHugh Capet (940?-996), who was elected king in 987, thereby permanently removing the Carolingians from power, and ruled until his death. The expansion of territory and centralization of power under the Capets began the movement toward a unified France. 卡佩王朝：法兰西的一个王朝（987-1328年），其中有雨果·卡佩 （940？-996年），他于987年被推选为国王并因此永久地使加洛林王室丧失了权力。他一直统治到逝世时为止。卡佩王朝期间的领土扩张和中央集权开始了统一法兰西的运动 〔Stuart〕Ruling house of Scotland (1371-1603) and of England and Scotland (1603-1649 and 1660-1714).斯图亚特王朝：统治苏格兰(1371年-1603年）及英格兰和苏格兰(1603-1649年和1660年-1714年）的王室〔Nivernais〕A historical region and former province of central France. A countship after the ninth century, it passed to various noble families before being incorporated into the royal domain by Louis XIV in 1669.尼韦奈（地区），历史上的一个地区，以前是法国中部的一个省，9世纪之后成为伯爵的领地，在1669年被路易十四合并入王室领地之前，曾转给不同的贵族家庭〔Schleswig〕A historical region and former duchy of northern Germany and southern Denmark in southern Jutland. The duchy was created in 1115 and passed, along with the duchy of Holstein, to Christian I of Denmark in 1460. After subdivisions caused by complex hereditary holdings, the duchies were once more reunited under the Danish crown in 1773. Denmark, Prussia, and Austria contended for the region until 1866, when it was annexed by Prussia. In 1920 the northern part of Schleswig was returned to Denmark by plebiscite. The southern portion became part of the West German state of Schleswig-Holstein after World War II.什勒斯威格：历史上的一个地区，先前为北部德国和南部丹麦在日德兰半岛南部的公爵领地。它产生于1115年，1460年于荷尔斯泰因领地一起归属给丹麦基督一世。经复杂的由遗产所有引起的分割后，它于1773年再次合并归还给丹麦王室。丹麦、普鲁士和奥地利为这一地区展开竞争，直到1866年它被普鲁士吞并。1920年经公民投票，什勒斯威格的北部归还丹麦，南部地区在二战后成为西德所属什勒斯威格-荷尔斯泰因州的一部分〔prince〕A male member of a royal family other than the monarch, especially a son of the monarch.王子，亲王：王室中非君主的男性成员，尤指君主的儿子〔marshal〕A high official in a royal court, especially one aiding the sovereign in military affairs.王室最高军务官：王室的高阶官员，尤指帮助君主处理军事事务的人〔wardrobe〕The department in charge of wearing apparel, jewelry, and accessories in a royal or noble household.保管部：王室或贵族官邸中保藏衣服、珠宝或附属部的部门〔royal〕a royal warrant; a royal visit.敕许授权；王室拜访〔musketeer〕A member of the French royal household bodyguard in the 17th and 18th centuries.法国17世纪和18世纪的王室保镖〔princely〕Of or relating to a prince; royal.王侯的，王子的：王子（或王侯）的或与之相关的；王室的〔Hanoverian〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of the royal family of Hanover.（英国）汉诺威王室的〔cupbearer〕One who fills and distributes cups of wine, as in a royal household.司酒者：酌酒和分发葡萄酒的人，如王室的尝酒侍臣〔Berry〕A historical region and former province of central France. Purchased by the French crown in 1101, it became an independent duchy in 1360 and reverted to the crown in 1601.贝里：位于法国中部的有历史意义的地区和旧时的一个省，1101年被法国王室所买，1360年成为一独立的公爵领地，1601年重归王室所有〔Languedoc〕A historical region and former province of south-central France on an arm of the Mediterranean Sea west of the Rhone River. Named after the Romance language of its inhabitants, it was conquered by the Franks in the eighth century and incorporated into the French royal domain in 1271.朗格多克：历史上的一个地区和法国中南部的以前的一个省，位于罗讷河西部地中海海湾处。得名于当地居民所讲的罗曼语，它于8世纪被法兰克人所征服并于1271年并入法兰西王室统治范围〔verderer〕A man serving as an official in charge of the royal forests of medieval England.王室护林官：中世纪时期英国作为掌管王室森林的官员的人〔Babylon〕The capital of ancient Babylonia in Mesopotamia on the Euphrates River. Established as capital c. 1750b.c. and rebuilt in regal splendor by Nebuchadnezzar II after its destruction (c. 689 b.c. ) by the Assyrians, Babylon was the site of the Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. 巴比伦：古巴比伦王国的首都，位于幼发拉底河沿岸的美索不达米亚境内，作为首都大约建于公元前 1750年，在它被亚述人毁灭后（ 公元前 689年），它又被尼布甲尼撒二世重建于王室显赫之时，巴比伦是世界七大奇观之一的空中花园所在地 〔palace〕The official residence of a royal personage.宫，宫殿：王室的要人所住的正式的宫邸〔marshal〕Hard-riding marshals of the Wild West in pursuit of criminalsreemphasize the relationship of the wordmarshal with horses. The Germanic ancestor of our wordmarshal is a compound made up of .marhaz, "horse" (related to the source of our word mare ), and .skalkaz, "servant,” meaning as a whole literally "horse servant,”hence "groom.”The Frankish descendant of this Germanic word,.marahskalk, starting from these humble beginnings, came to designate a high royal official and also a high military commander, not surprisingly so, given the importance of the horse in medieval warfare.The word passed into the period (beginning in 800) in which we speak of Old French, after the Franks and their Germanic language had been fused with the surrounding culture descended from Roman Gaul.When the Normans established a French-speaking official class in England,the Old French word came with them.The Middle English source of our word is first recorded as a surname in 1218 (and the surname Marshal, now spelled Marshall, has been held by some famous people),but it is first recorded as a common noun with the sense "high officer of the royal court" in the first English language proclamation (1258) by an English king, Henry III, after the Norman Conquest.Marshal was applied to this high royal official's deputies, who were officers of courts of law,and the word continued to designate various officials involved with courts of law and law enforcement,including the horseback-riding marshals we are familiar with in the United States.西部荒野骑着马对罪犯紧追不舍的警长形象，再次强调了marshal 这个词与马之间的联系。 我们这个单词marshal 的日耳曼语原形是一个由 marhaz “马”（与 mare 的语源相关）和 skalkaz “仆人，佣人”组成的合成词， 字面意思是“马的仆人”，也就是后来的“马夫”。这个日耳曼词的法兰克语的演变marahskalk 从最初卑微的含义演变到特指高级王室官员及高级军事将领， 不仅如此，在中世纪的战场上马也被提升到了重要地位。在法兰克人和他们所说的日耳曼语一起融入周围的罗马高卢人文化之后，这个词进入了我们讲古法语的时代（开始于800年）。当诺曼底人在英格兰建立了一个讲法语的官员阶层之后，古法语里的这个词便随之而来。该词在中世纪英语中最早于1218年作为一个姓氏被记录下来（一些著名人士的姓马歇尔，现在的拼写法为Marshall)，但作为指“王室的高级官员”的普通名词，它最早出现于英国王亨利三世在诺曼征服之后做的一篇英文公告(1258年）。在此文中Marshal 用于指高级王室官员的代表， 也就是司法官员。该词涉及法律和法律实施的不同官员的含义延续了下来，其中就包括我们所熟悉的美国西部骑在马背上的警长〔Rasputin〕Russian starets whose magnetic personality and relative success in the treatment of the czarevich's hemophilia gained him favor in the court of Nicholas II. He was assassinated by noblemen who feared that his licentious manner and ignorance would undermine the monarchy.拉斯普廷，格里高利·埃费默维奇：(1872?-1916) 俄国农民医生，其迷人的性格以及为沙皇王子医好了血友病使其在尼古拉二世宫中大受宠爱。由于其行为淫荡，缺乏知识，王公贵族们因怕他毁了王室而暗杀了他〔Nassau〕also [näʹsou'] A region and former duchy of central Germany north and east of the Main and Rhine rivers. The region became a duchy in 1806 and was absorbed by Prussia in 1866. Members of the original dynasty subsequently ruled Luxembourg and the Netherlands (as the house of Orange). 也作 [näʹsou'] 拿骚：德国中部一地区和前公国，位于美因河和莱茵河的北部和东部。该地区在1806年成为公国并于1866年被普鲁士吞并。原先的王朝成员相继统治了卢森堡和荷兰（作为奥兰治的王室）〔Bourbonnais〕A historical region and former province of central France in the Massif Central. It was held by the counts (later dukes) of Bourbon until 1527, when Francis I added it to the French crown lands.波旁奈依：一历史区域，原法国中部高地中心一省。1527年前一直由波旁伯爵（后为公爵）统治，同年弗兰西斯一世将其并入王室领地〔tallage〕An occasional tax levied by the Anglo-Norman kings on crown lands and royal towns.摊派税：盎格鲁－诺曼国王不定期地向王室领地和所管辖城镇征收的税〔atheling〕An Anglo-Saxon nobleman or prince, especially the heir to a throne.贵族，王子：盎格鲁-撒克逊贵族或王子，尤指王室中的继承者〔Piedmont〕A historical region of northwest Italy bordering on France and Switzerland. Occupied by Rome in the 1st centuryb.c. , it passed to Savoy in the 11th century and was the center of the Italian Risorgimento after 1814. 皮埃蒙特区：意大利西北一历史地区，与法国和瑞士接壤。公元前 1世纪时，被罗马人占领，11世纪被萨伏伊王室统治，1814年后成为意大利复兴运动的中心 〔Wallenstein〕Austrian military leader who fought for the Hapsburgs during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).华伦斯坦，阿尔布雷蒂·优西比乌斯·温泽尔·冯：(1583-1634) 奥地利军事首领，在三十年战争(1618-1648年）中为哈布斯堡王室作战〔Orange〕Princely family of Europe ruling continously in the Netherlands since 1815. The name was first used for a former principality of southeast France that passed to the house of Nassau in 1530.奥兰治王室的：自1815年以来一直统治荷兰的欧洲王室家族。这一名称最先为法国东南部的一个公国所使用，该公国于1530年并入拿骚王室〔queenship〕A noble or regal quality, as of a queen.贵族或王室的特性，如女王〔Capetian〕A member of this dynasty.卡佩王朝成员：这一王室的成员〔courtly〕In a courtly manner; elegantly or politely.典雅地，有礼貌地；有王室气派地〔remembrancer〕An officer of the British judiciary responsible for collecting debts owed to the Crown.王室的债款收取官：负责为王室收债的英国法官中的一名官员〔royal〕a royal society of musicians.王室音乐家聚会〔courtier〕from cort [court] * see court 源自 cort [宫廷，王室] * 参见 court〔Valois〕A historical region and former duchy of northern France. A county from the 10th to the 12th century, it was an appanage of the royal house of Valois after 1285.瓦卢瓦：法国北部的一个历史性地区和以前的公爵领地，作为从10世纪到12世纪的一个郡，它在1285年之后成为王室的一个属地 |
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