| 单词 | 玛丽 |
| 释义 | 〔urge〕"Isaacs hesitated long,but as everyone pressed him in turn,he yielded at last" (Francis Marion Crawford).“艾萨克斯犹豫了很长时间，但在每个人轮流向他施压的情况下，他最终屈服了” （弗兰西斯·玛丽昂·克劳福德）。〔Ouida〕See Marie Louise de la Ramée 参见 玛丽·路易斯·德拉 Ramée〔veritable〕"Her tea . . . was set forth with as much grace as if she had been a veritable guest to her own self"(Mary Wilkins Freeman)“她的茶…被优雅地放置着，就象她是她自己真正的客人一样”(玛丽·威尔金斯·弗里曼)〔Mallon〕American cook and immune carrier of typhoid fever who while moving from job to job infected more than 50 people with the disease. After health officials found her, she was institutionalized for much of the rest of her life.玛尔龙，玛丽：(1870?-1938) 美国的一位厨师，是伤寒的免疫带原者，因她不时地换工作，将伤寒病传染给了五十多人。在卫生官员找到她后，她的余生大部分时间是被禁止与人接触的〔Curie〕French pianist, writer, and editor best known forMadame Curie (1937), a biography of her mother, Marie Curie. 居里，埃弗·丹尼斯：(生于 1904) 法国钢琴家、作家和编辑，以一本描述她的母亲玛丽·居里的传记小说《居里夫人》 （1937年）而闻名 〔Travers〕Australian-born British writer of children's stories, includingMary Poppins (1934). 特拉维斯，帕（美勒）L.：(生于 1906) 澳裔英国儿童作家，作品包括《玛丽·保平斯》 （1934年） 〔crazy〕"To them she is not a brusque crazy, but ‘appropriately passionate’”(Mary McGrory)“在他们看来她并不是一个唐突的疯子，相反她表达了‘适度的热情’”(玛丽·麦格罗里)〔Pei〕Chinese-born American architect who designed Government Center in Boston and Place Ville Marie in Montreal.贝，聿（奥）·明：(生于 1917) 出生于中国的美国建筑师，设计了美国波士顿的政府中心和蒙特利尔的玛丽市广场〔Lyon〕American educator who founded (1837) Mount Holyoke College, the first American institution of higher learning for women.莱昂，玛丽·马松：(1797-1849) 美国教育学家，1837年创立豪尔约克山女子学院，是美国第一所为妇女设立的高等学府〔Bichat〕French anatomist who pioneered the histological study of organs.比沙，玛丽·弗朗索瓦·泽维尔：(1771-1802) 法国解剖学家，器官组织学研究的先驱〔shop〕“[The company] is now actively being shopped around, with a prospectus in circulation" (Marianne Yen)“[公司] 现在积极地出售股票，企业介绍书也在发行中” (玛丽安娜·叶恩)〔Pickford〕Canadian-born American actress who received an Academy Award for her performance inCoquette (1929). She was a founder of the United Artists Corporation (1919). 壁克馥，玛丽：(1893-1979) 加拿大裔美国女演员，因主演《风骚女人》 获奥斯卡奖(1929年）。是联合艺术家团的建立者(1919年） 〔womanhood〕"The true worth of a race must be measured by the character of its womanhood"(Mary McLeod Bethune)“一个种族的真正价值一定要通过其妇女的特性来衡量”(玛丽·麦克利奥德·贝休恩)〔marry〕Middle English Marie [the Virgin Mary] 中古英语 玛丽 [圣母玛利亚] 〔object〕"We should, therefore, protest openly everything . . . that smacks of discrimination or slander" (Mary McLeod Bethune).“因此，我们应该公开抗议带有歧视或诽谤迹象的任何事物” （玛丽·麦克雷德·贝休恩）。〔Livermore〕American suffragist, reformer, and lecturer. She founded (1869)The Agitator and edited (1869-1872) the Woman's Journal . 利弗莫尔，玛丽·艾什顿·赖斯：(1820-1905) 美国妇女参政主义者，改革家和演说家，她建立了（1829年）《运动者》 并主编了（1869－1872年） 《妇女杂志》 〔tranquilize〕"Nothing contributes so much to tranquilize the mind as a steady purpose"(Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley)“没有任何东西象坚定的目标一样能使头脑平静”(玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特·雪莱)〔Martin〕American actress who has appeared in numerous Broadway hits, includingPeter Pan (1954) and The Sound of Music (1959-1960). 马丁，玛丽：(1913-1990) 美国女演员，曾出演过许多部百老汇卖座的电影，包括《彼得·潘》 （1954年）和 《音乐之声》 （1959-1960年） 〔assent〕"In an evil hour this proposal was acceded to" (Mary E. Herbert). “这个建议在这个不幸的时候获得同意” （玛丽·E·赫伯特）。〔identify〕In the sense "to associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group,”identify has developed two distinct subsenses. In one, the verb suggests a psychological empathy with the feelings or experiences of another person,as inMost young readers readily identify (or identify themselves ) with Holden Caulfield. This usage derives originally from psychoanalytic writing,where it has a specific technical sense,but like other terms from that field,it was widely regarded as jargon when introduced into the wider discourse.In particular,critics seized on the fact that in this sense the verb was often used intransitively,with no reflexive pronoun.As Wilson Follett wrote in 1966,"The critic . . . could help restore the true notion in these words if he would give upidentifying at large and resume identifying himself with Ivan Karamazov, Don Quixote, Mary Poppins, or whomever.” In recent years, however, this use ofidentify with without the reflexive has become a standard locution. Eighty-two percent of the Usage Panel accepts the sentenceI find it hard to identify with any of his characters; whereas only 63 percent now accepts this same usage when the reflexive pronoun is used,as inI find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters. · Omission of the reflexive with this use ofidentify serves among other things to distinguish it from use of the verb to mean "to associate (oneself) with the goals, interests, or principles of a group.” This use of the verb can be traced back to the 18th century,but it is now somewhat less acceptable to the Panel than the first sense under discussion:58 percent of the Panel accepts the sentenceShe identified herself with the campaign against drug abuse, and only 40 percent acceptsShe identified with the campaign against drug abuse, where no reflexive pronoun is used. 在“使（自己）密切联系或依附于别人”这一意思中的。identify 一词又有两种不同的含义。 第一，这个动词表现了对其他人的感情或经历在心理上的认同，例如大多数青年读者很快认同了 （或 identify themselves ) 霍尔顿·科尔菲德。 这种用法来源于有关心理分析的著作，在这些著作中，这个词具有特殊的科技含义，不过就象从该领域引入的其它词语一样，这个词在日常生活使用中还带有专业术语的痕迹。特别指出的是，批评家们在发现这个词常常作为不及物动词来用，后面不带反身代词。正如威尔逊·福勒特1966年写到的，“如果评论家们很早就全面放弃identifying 而重新使用 identifying himself with 伊万·卡拉玛佐夫、堂吉诃德、玛丽·波普斯等人物，那就会有助于探询出这些词的真实含意。” 不过，近年来使用identify with 中间不加反身代词已成为一种标准搭配。 用法专题小组中82%的成员认为我觉得很难认同于他小说中的人物 一句是正确的； 而现在只有63%的成员接受使用反身代词来表达同一意思的句子，即I find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters。 省略反身代词以及其它一些方法，使identify 这种用法区别于它作为动词在“与某个集团的目标、利益或原则相联系”一句中的意思。 它作为动词的用法可追溯到18世纪，不过对于用法专题小组来说它没有第一种解释那样被易于接受：58%的小组成员接受她支持反对滥用药物的运动 这一说法， 只有40%的成员接受不要反身代词的She identified with the campaign against drug abuse 这一说法 〔Stopes〕British paleontologist and social reformer who opened England's first birth control clinic (1924) in London and later promoted family planning in the Far East.斯托普斯，玛丽·卡迈克尔：(1880-1958) 英国旧本体论者，社会改革家，在伦敦成立了英国第一家控制生育的诊所(1924年），后来在远东促进计划生育〔Heredia〕Cuban-born French poet and translator. A leading Parnassian, he is known for his sonnets, published inLes Trophées (1893). 埃雷亚，若斯·玛丽·德：(1842-1905) 古巴裔法国诗人、翻译家。巴纳斯派的先驱，因他发表名为《锦幡集》 （1893年）的十四行诗而著名 〔hardly〕The use ofhardly with a negative is avoided in Standard English. Some critics have been puzzled that adverbs such ashardly, rarely, and scarcely should be treated as negatives in the traditional strictures against double negation, which tars sentences likeI couldn't hardly see him with the same brush as I didn't get none. After all, they argue, the sentenceMary hardly laughed entails that Mary did laugh, not that she didn't,and therefore does not express a negative proposition.Buthardly and scarcely occur with other negative expressions in a number of ways. For one thing, they combine with items such asany and at all, which are characteristically associated with negative contexts: we sayI hardly saw him at all or I never saw him at all but notI occasionally saw him at all; we sayI hardly had any time or I didn't have any time but notI had any time, and so on. Like other negative adverbs,hardly triggers inversion of the subject and auxiliary when it begins a sentence. Thus we sayHardly had I arrived when she left, on the pattern of Never have I read such a book or At no time has he condemned the movement. Such inversion is not used with other adverbs:we would not sayOccasionally has he addressed this question or To a slight degree have they changed their position. The fact is that adverbs such ashardly are semantically negative in that they qualify a state or an event relative to the limiting case of nonoccurrence.Thus the meaning ofhardly is, roughly, "almost not at all"; the meaning ofrarely is "practically never"; and so forth. These adverbs are felt to have a negative component in their meaning,and it should not be surprising that grammarians have reacted to combinations ofhardly with negatives in the same way that they have reacted to combinations of pairs of negatives such as not and none. See Usage Note at double negative ,rarely ,scarcely Hardly 和一个否定词在一起的用法在标准英语中应尽量避免， 一些批评学家一直怀疑象hardly，rarely 和 scarcely 这样的副词在传统的双重否定的句中应被视为否定词， 这样的词使句子象I couldn't hardly see him 和 I didn't get none 一样被弄糟了， 他们争论说，毕竟句子Mary hardly laughed 的意思是玛丽的确笑了， 而不是她没笑，所以不表示否定的建议。但是hardly 和 scarcely 和其他的否定表示一起在许多方面出现， 举例说，他们和象any 和 at all 这样独特的和否定上下文联系的条目组合在一起， 我们说I hardly saw him at all 或 I never saw him at all , 但并不是I occasionally saw him at all； 我们说I hardly had any time 或 I didn't have any time 但不是I had any time 等。 象其它否定副词，hardly 在句子开头时引起主语和助动词的倒装， 于是我们说Hardly had I arrived when she left， 和 Never have I read such a book 或 At no time has he condemned the movement. 等同样的句型。 别的副词并不用这样的倒装：我们不能说Occasionally has he addressed this question 或 To a slight degree have they changed their position 。 事实是象hardly 这样的副词语义上是否定的， 他们限定修饰了与不发生有关的状态或事件。于是hardly 的意思大概是“几乎根本不”； rarely 的意思大概是“实际上没有”；等等。 这些副词在他们的意思里留有否定的成分，语法学家们对hardly 和否定词组合的反应和对一对否定词如 not 和 none组合的反应一样是不足为奇的 参见 double negative,rarely,scarcely〔Wollstonecraft〕British writer and reformer noted forVindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), considered the first important feminist essay. 沃斯通克拉夫特，玛丽：(1759-1797) 英国作家和改革家，以《女权辩护》 （1792年）而著名，该文被认为是第一篇重要的女权文章 〔Ward〕British writer whose novels includeRobert Elsmere (1888). 沃德，玛丽·奥古斯塔·阿诺德：(1851-1920) 英国作家，其小说包括《埃尔斯梅尔》 （1888年） 〔Rizzio〕Italian musician and secretary to Mary Queen of Scots. His closeness to the queen prompted the jealous Lord Darnley and other Scottish noblemen to murder him.里奇奥，戴维：(1533?-1566) 意大利乐师兼苏格兰女王玛丽的秘书。其与女王的亲近关系引起达恩利国王及其他苏格兰贵族的嫉妒而被谋杀〔glom〕"The country has glommed onto the spectacle of a wizard showman turning the tables on his inquisitors"(Mary McGrory)“政府占用了一个魔术艺人的场地，反而到法庭告他”(玛丽·麦格罗里)〔Fourier〕French social theorist who believed that universal harmony could be achieved by reorganizing society into self-sustaining units called "phalanxes,” groups of 1,500 people who would share labor, wealth, and housing.傅立叶，（弗朗索瓦·玛丽）查尔斯：(1772-1837) 法国空想社会主义者，认为建立由1,500人共同劳动、共享财富与房屋的名为“法朗吉”的自我维持的基层组织构成的理想社会就能达到世界和谐〔Robespierre〕French revolutionary. Leader of the Jacobins and architect of the Reign of Terror, he was known as an austere and incorruptible man. His laws permitting the confiscation of property and arrest of suspected traitors, many of whom were guillotined, led to his own arrest and execution without trial.罗伯斯比尔，马克西米连·弗朗科斯·玛丽·伊西多尔·德：(1758-1794) 以严峻和清廉出名的法国革命家、雅各宾派领袖和恐怖统治的设计师，他的法律允许没收有叛国嫌疑的人的财产并逮捕他们，很多嫌疑分子被送上断头台，这也导致他本人被逮捕且未经审判即被处决〔mother〕"the discovery of radium, which made Marie Curie mother to the Atomic Age"(Alden Whitman)“镭的发现使玛丽·居里成为原子时代之母”(奥尔登·惠特曼)〔careerism〕"Rampant careerism, which makes many a work place a joyless site, was in check"(Mary McGrory)“把许多工作场所变成无生趣的地方的狂热名利主义曾受到抑制”(玛丽·麦格罗里)〔tokenism〕"Tokenism does not change stereotypes of social systems but works to preserve them, since it dulls the revolutionary impulse"(Mary Daly)“装点门面这种做法并不改变社会制度的模式，反而可以巩固这种制度，因为它可以磨灭革命的冲动”(玛丽·戴利)〔Price〕American operatic soprano who performed with the New York Metropolitan Opera (1961-1985), earning greatest praise for her roles in Verdi's operas.普里斯，（玛丽）莱昂黛：(生于 1927) 美国歌剧女高音，1961至1985年期间在纽约大都会歌剧团中表演，她在威尔第歌剧中扮演的角色深受赞赏〔Beernaert〕Belgian diplomat active in the peace conferences at The Hague (1899 and 1907). He shared the 1909 Nobel Peace Prize.贝尔纳特，奥古斯特·玛丽·弗朗索瓦：(1829-1912) 比利时外交家，曾活跃于1899年和1907年的海牙和平会议。于1909年获诺贝尔和平奖〔Jones〕Irish-born American labor leader and union organizer. She helped found (1905) the Industrial Workers of the World.琼斯，玛丽·哈里斯：(1830-1930) 爱尔兰裔的美国劳工领袖、工会组织者。她在1905年帮助创建了“世界产业工人协会”〔mood〕"I was in no mood to laugh and talk with strangers" (Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley). “我没有心情和陌生人一起谈笑” （玛丽·渥斯通克拉夫特·雪莱）。〔Moses〕American painter noted for her primitive and colorful paintings of rural scenes.摩西，安娜·玛丽·罗伯特森：(1860-1961) 美国画家，因其简单而又多彩的乡村风景画而著名〔Pitcher〕See Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley 参见 玛丽·路德维希·海斯 McCauley〔Mayer〕German-born American physicist. She shared a 1963 Nobel Prize for research on the structure of the atom and its nucleus.迈尔，玛丽·格佩特：(1906-1972) 德裔美国物理学家。因其对原子和原子核的研究发现而获得1963年诺贝尔奖〔Woolley〕American educator who was president (1900-1937) of Mount Holyoke College and an activist in the peace and woman suffrage movements.伍利，玛丽·爱玛：(1863-1947) 美国教育家，她是蒙特霍利克大学的校长（1900-1937年），和平和妇女选举权运动的活动家 |
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