单词 | 玩笑 |
释义 | 〔good〕a good exterior paint; a good joke.令人耳目一新的风景画;有趣的玩笑〔joke〕It is hard to imagine the English language without the wordjoke , butjoke is only first recorded in 1670. Sincejoke was originally considered a slang or informal usage, it was not suitable to all contexts.The change in status ofjoke from then to now provides us with an excellent example of how usage changes. Joke has a decent enough heritage at any rate, coming from Latiniocus, "jest, sport, laughingstock, trifle.”Iocus in turn can be traced back to the Indo-European root yek-, meaning "to speak,” from which also comes the Umbrian wordiuka, "prayers,” and the Welsh wordiaith, "speech.” 我们很难想象英语中如果没有joke 这个词会怎样, 但是joke 在1670年才首次有文字记载。 因为joke 起初被认为是俚语或非正式用语, 以前它并不是在所有的文章中都适用的。从那时到现在joke 地位上的变化给我们提供了一个关于语言用法如何变化的极好的例子。 不管怎样joke 的词源算得上很体面, 它来自于拉丁语中iocus 一词, 表示“玩笑,游戏,笑柄,琐事”。Iocus 反过来又可追溯到印欧语系中的词根 yek- 表示“说话”, 从这个词根还派生出翁布里亚语中iuka 一词,即“祈祷”, 以及威尔士语中iaith 一词,即“讲话,演说” 〔juggle〕from ioculus [diminutive of] iocus [joke] * see yek- 源自 ioculus iocus的小后缀 [笑话,玩笑] * 参见 yek- 〔fool〕To behave in a playful or comical manner.以滑稽,玩笑的方式行动〔vulgar〕The wordvulgar brings to mind off-color jokes, but this was not always so.Ironically the wordvulgar is itself an example of pejoration, the process by which the semantic status of a word changes for the worse over a period of time.The ancestor ofvulgar, the Latin word vulgāris (from vulgus, "the common people"), meant "of or belonging to the common people, everyday,”as well as "belonging to or associated with the lower orders.”Vulgāris also meant "ordinary,” "common (of vocabulary, for example),” and "shared by all.” Its only sense of the sort we might expect was related to the notion of general sharing, that is, "sexually promiscuous.”Our word, first recorded in a work composed in 1391,entered English during the Middle English period,and in Middle English and later English we find not only the senses mentioned above but also related senses.What is common can be seen as debased,and in the 17th century we begin to find instances ofvulgar that made very explicit what was already implicit. Vulgar now meant "deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement.” From such usevulgar has gone downhill, and at present "crudely indecent" is probably one of the first senses ofvulgar that occurs to many when the word is used. Vulgar 这个词使人想起下流的玩笑, 但这并不尽然。具有讽刺意味的是vulgar 这个词本身就是一个贬义词, 是一个词的语义经过一段时间变为贬义的过程。Vulgar 的语源,拉丁词 vulgaris (来自于 vulgrs, “普通人”), 意思是平常人的、属于平常人的或日常的,”也意味着“属于低等阶级的,与低阶级有关的。”Vulgaris 也意味着“平常的”,“普通的(如词汇表的)”,和“大家共有的。” 我们可能会想到的这一类的唯一意思与“大家共有的”的意思是有关,即“滥交的。”这个词,首先记载于1391年编的一部书里,在中古英语期间进入英语,在中古英语和后期的英语中我们不仅发现它有上述的意思,也有其它相关的意思。普通的可以被看作是低下的,在17世纪我们开始发现vulgar 把含蓄的意思变得很明显的例子。 现在vulgar 指“品味、格调或教养不高的。” 以这个意思vulgar 开始走下坡路, 现在当人们使用vulgar 时,对许多人来讲“粗野下流的”可能是第一个意思 〔teaser〕One who engages in teasing; a tease.取笑者:从事于取笑他人的人;一个玩笑〔ridicule〕"My father discouraged me by ridiculing my performances" (Benjamin Franklin).Tomock is to poke fun at someone, often by mimicking and caricaturing his or her speech or actions: “我的父亲贬损嘲笑我的表演而使我灰心丧气” (本杰明·弗兰克林)。Mock 指开某人的玩笑, 经常通过模仿或滑稽地讽刺他的或她的讲话或动作: 〔aside〕All joking aside, can you swim 15 miles?玩笑归玩笑,你能游十五英里吗〔incongruous〕a joke that was incongruous with polite conversation.一个与礼貌谈话不相协调的玩笑〔ribaldry〕Vulgar, lewdly humorous language or joking or an instance of it.下流语言,粗俗幽默:粗鄙的、猥亵的诙谐言语或玩笑或其实例〔pacify〕The child is adept at appeasing her parents' anger with a joke or compliment.这孩子善于以一个玩笑或赞美来平息父母的怒气。〔jocose〕from iocus [joke] * see yek- 源自 iocus [玩笑] * 参见 yek- 〔shenanigan〕Often shenanigans Mischief; prankishness. 常作 shenanigans 恶作剧;玩笑〔play〕It was all done in play.它全都是在玩笑中做的〔jeopardy〕jeu [game] from Latin iocus [joke, game] * see yek- jeu [游戏] 源自 拉丁语 iocus [玩笑,游戏] * 参见 yek- 〔flirt〕flirt with danger.玩笑似地对待危险〔jocular〕from ioculus [diminutive of] iocus [joke] * see yek- 源自 ioculus iocus的小后缀 [玩笑] * 参见 yek- 〔sport〕She made the remark in sport.她以玩笑的语气评论〔badinage〕Light, playful banter.戏谑:轻松逗弄的玩笑〔lark〕A harmless prank.玩笑:指善意的恶作剧〔waggery〕Waggish behavior or spirit; drollery.诙谐:幽默的行为或气氛;玩笑〔stale〕a stale joke.See Synonyms at trite 一个老掉牙的玩笑 参见 trite〔extemporaneous〕an ad-lib joke;随口开的玩笑;〔rail〕from Old French railler [to tease, joke] 源自 古法语 railler [逗弄,玩笑] 〔joke〕All jests aside, we're in big trouble. Awitticism is a witty, usually cleverly phrased remark: 玩笑归玩笑,我们遇到了大麻烦。 witticism 指一句风趣的,通常措辞巧妙的语句: 〔gamble〕from gamen [fun] 源自 gamen [玩笑,乐趣] 〔cavil〕from cavilla [a jeering] 源自 cavilla [玩笑] 〔wanton〕Frolicsome; playful.嬉闹的;玩笑的〔put〕You're putting me on!你在开我的玩笑〔pull〕To play a joke on; tease.取笑:开(某人的)玩笑;取笑〔nugatory〕from nūgae [jokes] 源自 nūgae [玩笑] 〔treat〕treated the matter as a joke.把这件事当作一个玩笑〔flirtatious〕Full of playful allure:不专情的:充满玩笑式的诱惑的:〔facetiae〕Latin [pl. of] facētia [jest] * see facetious 拉丁语 facētia的复数 [玩笑] * 参见 facetious〔rugged〕rugged manners and ribald wit.粗鲁的方式和下流的玩笑〔foolery〕An instance of foolish behavior or speech; a jest.做蠢事:愚蠢言行的事例;玩笑〔nifty〕A nifty person or thing, especially a clever joke.俏皮的人或事物,尤指俏皮的玩笑〔play〕Fun or jesting:玩笑:玩笑或开玩笑:〔facetious〕from facétie [jest] 源自 facétie [玩笑] 〔fun〕Possibly from fon [to make a fool of] 可能源自 fon [开…的玩笑] |
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