| 单词 | 环球航行 |
| 释义 | 〔tattoo〕The practice of tattooing the body is prehistoric,but the English wordtattoo was introduced fairly recently. Our word came from Polynesian languages such as Tahitian and Samoanand was introduced to English speakers by the explorer Capt. James Cook (who also gave us the wordtaboo ). The earliest use of the verbtattoo in English is found in 1769 in his account of a voyage around the world from 1768 to 1771. Cook also used a noun in his writings of 1769but treated it as a native wordso he is not given credit for the first use of the noun in English (recorded in 1777).In any event,sailors introduced the custom into Europe from the Pacific societies in which it was practiced,and it has remained associated with sailors,although many other people have tattoos as well.尽管在身体上刺出花纹这一做法在史前就已存在，但英语中tattoo 一词却是在距离现在较近的时候才被引入的。 我们这个词源于塔西提语或萨摩亚语等波利尼西亚语族，它是由探险家詹姆斯·库克船长介绍给英语使用者的（库克同时也给了我们taboo 一词）。 动词tattoo 在英语中的首次使用见于库克关于他在1768年-1771年所做的一次环球航行记录中。 库克在他1769年的日志中也把这个词用作一个名词，但因为他只是把它作为一个土著人的词汇对待，所以人们不认为他是第一个在英语中使用该词名词形式的人（记录于1777年）。但不管怎样，是水手们将这种原本是太平洋岛屿社会中的习俗带入欧洲的，所以直到今天这种做法仍然和水手们联系在一起，虽然各种职业的人们都在身上刺花纹〔Drake〕English naval hero and explorer who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world (1577-1580) and was vice admiral of the fleet that destroyed the Spanish Armada (1588).德雷克，弗朗西斯：(1540?-1596) 英国海军英雄和航海家，是第一个环球航行的英国人（1577-1580年），曾任舰队副司令击败西班牙无敌舰队（1588年）〔Banks〕British botanist noted for his circumnavigation of the globe (1768-1771) with James Cook, during which he discovered and cataloged many species of plant and animal life.班克斯，约瑟夫：(1743-1820) 英国植物学家，以其随詹姆斯·库克作环球航行而闻名（1768-1771年），旅行中他发现了许多种植物和动物并将其归类〔Bougainville〕French explorer who circumnavigated the globe (1766-1769) with a crew that included astronomers and naturalists.布加因维尔，路易斯·安托万·德：(1729-1811) 法国探险家，他曾参与一个由天文学家和博物学家组成的船队的环球航行（1766-1769年）〔Magellan〕Portuguese navigator. While trying to find a western route to the Moluccas (1519), Magellan and his expedition were blown by storms into the strait that now bears his name (1520). He named and sailed across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the Marianas and the Philippines (1521), where he was killed fighting for a friendly native king. One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.麦哲伦，费迪南德：(1480?-1521) 葡萄牙航海家。在试图找到一条向西通向摩鹿加群岛的航线时(1519年），麦哲伦和他的远征船队被风暴吹到了现在以他的名字命名的海峡(1520年）。他给太平洋命了名并且穿越了太平洋，到达马里亚纳群岛和菲律宾群岛(1521年），在那里在替一位友好的土著国王作战时被杀害。他船队中只有一条船回到了西班牙(1522年），从而完成了第一次环球航行〔Cavendish〕English navigator and freebooter who died while attempting his third voyage around the world.凯文迪什，托马斯：(1555?-1592) 英国航海家和冒险家，在准备他的第三次环球航行时去世〔Gray〕American explorer who twice circumnavigated the globe (1787-1790 and 1790-1793) and discovered Grays Harbor and the Columbia River (1792).格雷，罗伯特：(1755-1806) 美国探险家，两次环球航行（1787-1790和1790-1793年），并发现了格雷斯港和哥伦比亚河（1792年） |
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