| 单词 | 现存 |
| 释义 | 〔Hicks〕American painter of primitive works, notablyThe Peaceable Kingdom, of which nearly 100 versions exist. 希克斯，爱德华：(1780-1849) 美国画家，作品风格朴实无华，主要有《和平的王国》 ，这副画现存将近100个版本 〔correct〕"Whenever [the people] shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it, or their revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it" (Abraham Lincoln).See also Synonyms at punish “无论什么时候 对现存政府厌倦了， 他们都能行使他们改善政府的宪法权，或者废除、颠覆它的革命权利” （亚伯拉罕·林肯） 参见同义词 punish〔neume〕A sign used in the notation of plainsong during the Middle Ages, surviving today in transcriptions of Gregorian chants.纽姆符号：中世纪教堂音乐的一种乐谱符号，现存于罗马教皇格利高里赞美诗中〔Locarno〕A town of southern Switzerland at the northern end of Lake Maggiore. First mentioned in 749, it passed to Milan in 1342 and was taken by the Swiss in 1512. The Locarno Pact between Germany and various European powers was signed here on December 1, 1925, in an effort to promote peace and maintain existing territorial borders. The city is today a popular resort. Population, 14,300.洛迦诺：瑞士南部一镇，位于马奏列湖北端。在749年被首次提到，1342年被转让给米兰公国并于1512年被瑞士占领。1925年12月1日德国和其他欧洲国家在此签订《洛迦诺公约》，以此来促进和平并维持现存领土边界。今天该城是一著名游览胜地。人口14,300〔split〕To divide (stock) by issuing multiples of the existing stock with a corresponding reduction in the price of each share, so that the total value of the stock is unchanged.分割（股份）：通过把（股票）每股价格降低，从而使现存股票数目增多的方式或分割股票，但股份总价值不变〔alternative〕Existing outside traditional or established institutions or systems:他择性的：存在于传统或现存体制系统以外的：〔Propertius〕Roman elegiac poet whose extant works includeCynthia, an elegy on his former lover. 普罗佩提乌斯，塞克斯都：(50?-15?) 罗马哀歌诗人，其现存的作品包括为他的旧情人唱的挽歌《辛西娅》 〔fragment〕overheard fragments of their conversation; extant fragments of an old manuscript.零星地听到了他们的谈话；古老的原稿的现存部分〔put〕To draw the proper conclusions from existing evidence or indications.得出结论：从现存的证据或迹象中得出合适的结论〔retrofit〕To install or fit (a device or system, for example) for use in or on an existing structure, especially an older dwelling.作改型翻新：在现存的结构内或其上（尤其是较老的住所）安装或装设（设备或系统）〔dinosaur〕"living dinosaurs of the world of vegetation"(John Olmsted)“植物界现存的恐龙”(约翰·奥姆斯特德)〔rise〕"the right to rise up, and shake off the existing government"(Abraham Lincoln)“揭竿而起推翻现存政府的权利”(亚伯拉罕·林肯)〔emergent〕"The giant redwoods . . . outstrip the emergents of the rain forest, which rarely reach two hundred feet"(Catherine Caulfield)“巨大的红木…超过了雨林中现存的最高的树，它们很少达到200英尺高”(凯瑟琳·考尔菲尔德)〔uniformitarianism〕The theory that all geologic phenomena may be explained as the result of existing forces having operated uniformly from the origin of the earth to the present time.（地）均变说：一种理论，可以将所有地质现象解释为从地球起源到现在已均匀作用的现存力的结果〔homo〕A member of the genusHomo, which includes the extinct and extant species of human beings. 人：人 属中的一支，它包括灭绝的及现存的人类 〔hominid〕A primate of the family Hominidae, of whichHomo sapiens is the only extant species. 人科的（动物）：人科中的灵长类，其中智人 是唯一现存的种类 〔modern〕The wordmodern, first recorded in 1585 in the sense "of present or recent times,” has traveled through the centuriesdesignating things that inevitably must become old-fashionedas the word itself goes on to the next modern thing.We have now invented the wordpostmodern, as if we could finally fixmodern in time, but evenpostmodern (first recorded in 1949) will seem fusty in the end, perhaps sooner thanmodern will. Going back to Late Latinmodernus, "modern,” which is derived frommodo in the sense "just now,” the English wordmodern (first recorded at the beginning of the 16th century) was not originally concerned with anything that could be later considered old-fashioned. It simply meant "being at this time, now existing,” an obsolete sense today.Beginning in the later 16th century, however, we see the word contrasted with the wordancient and also used of technology in a way that is clearly related to our own modern way of using the word.Modern was being applied specifically to what pertained to present times and also to what was new and not old-fashioned.Thus in the 19th and 20th centuries the word could be used to designate a movement in art,which is now being followed by postmodernism.单词modern 首次于1585年以“现在的或最近的时代”的意义被记载， 它已经历了数个世纪，表明必然会变得过时的事物，就象这个词本身也会继续走向更加现代。现在我们已发明了单词postmodern， 仿佛我们终于能及时固定住modern 的了， 但即使是postmodern （首次于1949年记载）最终也会显得过时， 也许比modern 更快。 可追溯至近代拉丁词modernus “现代的”， 源自表示“刚才”意思的modo ， 英语单词modern （首先在16世纪初被记载）原本与后来被认为过时的事物没有任何联系。 它只意味着“现时的，现存的”，今天已废弃了的一个意思。然而从16世纪晚期我们看到这个词成为ancient 的反义词并且用于科技， 其意义与我们现在使用的意义明显相关。Modern 当时特指现时的事物， 也指新的且不过时的事物。因此在19世纪和20世纪这个词能被用来表示艺术上的一个运动，现在尾随其后的是后现代主义〔Praxiteles〕Greek sculptor whose few surviving works includeHermes Carrying Dionysius, discovered at Olympia (1877). 普莱克西泰勒斯：希腊雕塑家，其现存的稀有的几部作品包括1877年在奥林匹亚发现的《手抱戴奥尼塞斯的赫尔墨斯》 〔precontract〕An existing contract that obviates the making of another contract of the same kind:先约：能免除另一同类条约的制定的现存条约：〔aboveground〕Operating or existing within the establishment or in accordance with conventional standards:公开的：在现存体制中起作用或存在的，与常规标准一致的：〔establishmentarian〕Of, relating to, or supporting the political or social establishment.现有权力结构的，拥有现在权力结构的，现存社会体制的：现有社会或政治结构的，与之相关的或支持它们的〔analogy〕The process by which words and morphemes are re-formed or created on the model of existing grammatical patterns in a language, as Modern Englishname : names for Old English nama : naman on the model of nouns like stone : stones. 类推：一种语言的单词和语素在语言的现存语法模式基础上改变构成或产生，如现代英语的name：names 代替了古英语的 nama：naman ，这是在名词如 stone：stones 的模式上产生的 〔Callimachus〕Greek poet and scholar whose extant works include 64 epigrams and a catalog of the library at Alexandria.卡利马丘斯：希腊诗人和学者，其现存作品包括64首讽刺短诗和亚历山大城图书馆的藏书目录〔nihilism〕The belief that destruction of existing political or social institutions is necessary for future improvement.无政府主义：认为对现存政治或社会组织的破坏是有利于未来改进的一种信念〔proof〕The alcoholic strength of a liquor, expressed by a number that is twice the percentage by volume of alcohol present.强度标准：某种酒的酒精强度，用现存酒精体积的两倍百分比数来表示〔accustomed〕Having been adapted to the existing environment and conditions:适应的：适应现存的环境或条件的：〔aboveground〕journalistic practices unacceptable to the aboveground press; an aboveground corps of 20,000 priests in Poland.不能被现存媒介所接受的采访活动；波兰有一个两万牧师的公开团体〔overthrow〕overturn existing institutions;废除了现存的制度；〔Cynewulf〕Anglo-Saxon poet whose extant works areJuliana, Elene, The Ascension, and The Fates of the Apostles. 基涅武甫：盎格鲁-撒克逊诗人，其现存作品有《朱丽安娜，埃琳娜，耶稣升天》 和 《使徒们的命运》 〔prevailing〕Rife implies that something is current, plentiful, or rapidly spreading or increasing: Rife 指现存的，大量的或急速扩展或增加的东西： 〔Aristophanes〕Athenian playwright considered to be the greatest ancient writer of satirical comedy. Among his surviving plays areThe Clouds (423) and Lysistrata (411). 阿里斯托芬：雅典剧作家，被认为是最伟大的古典讽刺喜剧作家。现存的剧本有《云》 （公元前423年）和 《吕西斯特拉特》 （公元前411年） 〔Titanism〕The spirit of revolt against an established order; rebelliousness.泰坦精神：反抗现存秩序的精神；反抗精神〔institutionalism〕Adherence to or belief in established forms, especially belief in organized religion.现存制度优越论：固守或相信已有的形式，特别是对有组织的宗教的信仰〔Livy〕Roman historian. His history of Rome originally consisted of 142 volumes, of which only 35 survive.利维：罗马历史学家。他所著的罗马历史共有142卷组成，现存仅35卷〔conservatism〕The inclination, especially in politics, to maintain the existing or traditional order.保守倾向：（尤指政治上）维持现存的或传统秩序的倾向〔on〕In or at the present position or condition:位于或在现状或现存的条件下：〔Strabo〕Greek geographer and historian whose great work,Geography, is the only extant text that describes the people and countries known to the Greeks and Romans during the reign of Augustus. 斯特拉博：希腊地理学家，历史学家，他的伟大著作《地理》 ，是现存的唯一的于奥古斯都统治时期描绘希腊人与罗马人所知的人民和国家的作品 〔subvert〕"Economic assistance . . . must subvert the existing . . . feudal or tribal order"(Henry A. Kissinger)See Synonyms at overthrow “经济援助…必须彻底推翻现存的…封建的或氏族的秩序”(亨利A.基辛格) 参见 overthrow〔rebellion〕These nouns denote acts of violence intended to change or overthrow an existing order or authority.这些名词指那些想要改变或推翻现存秩序或权威的暴力行为。〔lobefin〕Any of various mostly extinct bony fishes of the subclass Crossopterygii, of which the coelacanth is a living representative.总鳍鱼：内鼻孔亚纲的各种大多已灭绝了的硬骨鱼，腔棘鱼为其现存种类代表 |
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