| 单词 | 理论家 |
| 释义 | 〔theorist〕One who theorizes; a theoretician.提出理论的人；理论家〔Engels〕German socialist theorist and writer who met Karl Marx in Paris in 1844 and collaborated with him onThe Communist Manifesto (1848). 恩格斯，弗雷德里希：(1820-1895) 德国社会主义理论家及作家，1844年他在巴黎与卡尔·马克思相逢并从此与其开始合作《共产党宣言》 （1848年） 〔Bakunin〕Russian anarchist and political theorist who was imprisoned and later exiled to Siberia for his revolutionary activities. He escaped to London (1861), where he opposed Karl Marx. Bakunin's theories of anarchy are considered the antithesis of Marx's communism.巴枯宁，米克海尔·亚力山德罗维奇：(1814-1876) 俄国无政府主义者和政治理论家，因其革命活动曾被关进监狱，后来被流放到西伯利亚。他于1861年逃亡伦敦，在那里他反对卡尔·马克思。巴枯宁的无政府主义理论被认为是马克思共产主义政府的对立〔Machiavelli〕Italian political theorist whose bookThe Prince (1513) describes the achievement and maintenance of power by a determined ruler indifferent to moral considerations. 马基雅维利，尼克尔：(1469-1527) 意大利政治理论家，他的著作《君主论》 （1513年）阐述了一个意志坚定的统治者不顾道德观念的约束如何获得并保持其权力 〔Trotsky〕Russian revolutionary theoretician. A leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), he was later expelled from the Communist Party (1927) and banished (1929) for his opposition to the authoritarianism of Stalin and his emphasis on world revolution. His writings includeLiterature and Revolution (1925) and the autobiographical My Life (1930). Trotsky was murdered while in exile in Mexico. 托洛茨基，利昂：(1879-1940) 俄国革命理论家。是布尔什维克革命(1917年）领导人，后被逐出共产党(1927年）并因其反对斯大林政权和强调世界革命而被驱逐。他的著作包括《文学与革命》 （1925年）及自传 《我的一生》 （1931年）。托洛茨基在流亡墨西哥时被谋杀 〔Jefferson〕The third President of the United States (1801-1809). A member of the second Continental Congress, he drafted the Declaration of Independence (1776). His presidency was marked by the purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France (1803) and the Tripolitan War (1801-1805). A political philosopher, educator, and architect, Jefferson designed his own estate, Monticello, and buildings for the University of Virginia.杰斐逊，托马斯：(1743-1826) 第三届美国总统(1801-1809年）。他是第二次大陆会议的成员并起草了《独立宣言》(1776年）。他因在总统任职期间从法国购买了路易斯安那地区(1803年）和的黎波里战争(1801-1805年）而著名。他是一位政治理论家、教育家和建筑师，自行设计了蒙提萨罗庄园，并创办了弗吉尼亚大学〔Blanc〕French political theorist whose writings, most notablyOrganization of Work (1839), are among the most influential early socialist treatises. 布兰克，路易斯：(1811-1882) 法国政治理论家，其最著名的著作《工作组织》 （1839年），为最有影响的早期社会主义论文之一 〔Messiaen〕French composer and organist who was a noted teacher and theorist. His avant-garde works were generally large scale and based on themes like love, nature, and Christianity.梅湘，奥利佛·欧格：法国作曲家与风琴演奏家，同时也是著名的教师和理论家。其前卫作品通常都是大音阶的，并以爱情、自然和基督教等为主体〔Lenin〕Russian founder of the Bolsheviks, leader of the Russian Revolution (1917), and first head of the U.S.S.R. (1917-1924). As a communist theoretician Lenin held that workers could not develop a revolutionary consciousness without the guidance of a vanguard party and that imperialism was a particular stage of capitalist development.列宁，弗拉基米尔·伊里奇：(1870-1924) 苏联布尔什维克的缔造者，俄国十月革命(1917年）的领导者，是前苏联的第一任领导人(1917-1924年）。作为一名共产主义的理论家，列宁认为：没有先驱政党的指导，工人就不能发展革命意识；帝国主义是资本主义发展过程中的一个特殊阶段〔Bernoulli〕Family of Swiss mathematicians and scientists, includingJakob or Jacques (1654-1705), an important theorist of ordinary calculus and the calculus of variations. His brother Johann or Jean (1667-1748) developed integral and exponential calculus. Johann's son Daniel (1700-1782) anticipated the law of conservation of energy, did pioneering work in the molecular theory of gases, and contributed to probability theory and the theory of differential equations. 伯努利：瑞士数学家和科学家家族，包括雅各 或 雅克 （1654-1705年），是关于一般微积分和变分微分的重要理论家。其兄弟 约翰 或 让 （1667-1748年）发展了整数和指数微积分。约翰的儿子 丹尼尔 （1700-1782年）提前发现了能量守恒定律，在气体分子理论方面做了开拓性的工作，并对概率理论和微分方程理论有所贡献 〔Gramsci〕Italian political leader and theorist who helped establish the Italian Communist party in 1921. Mussolini later outlawed the party and Gramsci was imprisoned (1926-1937).葛米西，安东尼奥：意大利政治领导者及理论家，于1921年协助意大利共产党的建立，之后莫索里尼宣告此党为非法政党而葛米西因此被判入狱〔Frye〕Canadian literary critic and theorist best known for his workAnatomy of Criticism (1957). An ordained minister in the United Church of Canada, his writings reflect religious interests and explore the nature of myth and symbolism. 弗莱，诺斯拉：加拿大的文学评论家与理论家，著作以《批判的剖析》 （1957年）为人知晓，并被授与加拿大统一教廷的神职。其著作反应出他对宗教的狂热，智力探索谜底与象征主义的本质 〔theoretician〕One who formulates, studies, or is expert in the theory of a science or an art.理论家：系统阐述，研究或在科学或艺术理论方面是专家的人〔Clausewitz〕Prussian army officer and military theorist who proposed the doctrines of total war and war as an instrument of policy. His treatiseOn War was published posthumously (1833). 克劳塞维茨，卡尔·冯：(1780-1831) 普鲁士军官和军事理论家，提出了总体战概念和战争是政治的工具。其论著《战争论》 在其死后出版（1833年） 〔Braque〕French painter who was a leading exponent and theorist of the cubist movement.布拉克，乔治斯：(1882-1963) 法国画家，是立体派的主要倡导者和理论家〔ideologue〕An advocate of a particular ideology, especially an official exponent of that ideology.理论家，倡导者：某一理论的提倡者，尤指对此意识形态的正式阐释 |
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