| 单词 | 生理学 |
| 释义 | 〔somatology〕The physiological and anatomical study of the body.躯体学：对躯体的生理学研究或解剖学研究〔rhinology〕The anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nose.鼻科学：鼻子的解剖学、生理学及病理学〔bioinstrumentation〕Use of instruments for the recording or transmission of physiological information, such as breathing rate or heart rate.生物检测仪器：运用仪器记录或传递生理学信息，如呼吸速率或心脏速率〔temperament〕The distinguishing mental and physical characteristics of a human being according to medieval physiology, resulting from dominance of one of the four humors.气质：在中世纪生理学中由四种体液之一的主宰而形成的一个人的与众不同的精神和肉体的特征〔dermatology〕The branch of medicine that is concerned with the physiology and pathology of the skin.皮肤学：与皮肤的生理学和病理学有关的医学分支〔phlegm〕One of the four humors of ancient physiology, described as cold and moist and thought to cause sluggishness, apathy, and evenness of temper.懒散，迟钝；冷漠：古代生理学的四种体液之一，被描述为冷淡和伤感，被认为由懒散、冷漠和性情平和引起〔bile〕Either of two bodily humors, black bile or yellow bile, in medieval physiology.发怒液：在古代生理学中人体黑色胆汁和黄色胆汁的任一种〔Beaumont〕American surgeon whosePhysiology of Digestion (1833) revolutionized the study of gastric digestion. 博蒙特，威廉：(1785-1853) 美国外科医生，其《消化生理学》 （1833年）引发了胃消化研究的革新 〔biochemistry〕The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms; biological chemistry; physiological chemistry.生物化学：对生物中化学物质和生命过程的研究；生物学化学；生理学化学〔ecophysiology〕The study of the interrelationship between an organisms's physical functioning and its environment.生态生理学：以有机体的生理功能与其环境之间关系为研究对象的学科〔pathophysiology〕The scientific study of such changes. Also called physiopathology 病理生理学：研究这些变化的科学 也作 physiopathology〔psychophysiology〕The study of correlations between the mind, behavior, and bodily mechanisms. Also called physiological psychology 精神生理学：研究心灵、行为和身体机制之间相互关系的学科 也作 physiological psychology〔cupping〕A treatment in which evacuated glass cups are applied to intact or scarified skin in order to draw blood toward or through the surface. It was used for disorders associated with an excess of blood, one of the four humors of medieval physiology.杯吸法,拔罐法：一种医疗方法，把抽空的玻璃杯放在完好无损或划破的皮肤上使血向体表聚集或放血出来。这种方法被用来治疗与血量过多有关的失调症，血是中世纪生理学中的四种体液之一〔physiology〕The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.生理学：对有生命的有机体及其组成部分的功能进行的生物学研究〔biomedicine〕The application of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine.临床生物医学：应用于临床医学的自然科学原理，尤指生物学与生理学〔histophysiology〕The branch of physiology that deals with the structure and function of tissues.组织生理学：生理学的一个分支，主要研究组织的结构与功能〔electrophysiology〕The branch of physiology that studies the relationship between electric phenomena and bodily processes.电生理学：研究电现象与活体活动之间关系的生理学分支〔sanguine〕Perhaps one has wondered what the connection betweensanguinary, "bloodthirsty,” and sanguine, "cheerfully optimistic,” could be. The connection can be found in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile).These four body fluids were thought to determine a person's temperament,or distinguishing mental and physical characteristics.Thus, if blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love.Such a temperament was calledsanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our wordsanguine. The sources of the Middle English word were Old Frenchsanguin and Latin sanguineus, the source of the French word. Both the Old French and Latin words meant "bloody,” "blood-colored,”Old Frenchsanguin having the sense "sanguine in temperament" as well. Latinsanguineus in turn was derived from sanguīs, "blood,” just as English sanguinary is. The English adjectivesanguine, first recorded in Middle English before 1350, went on to refer simply to the cheerfulness and optimism that accompanied a sanguine temperament,no longer having any direct reference to medieval physiology.也许有人对sanguinary （“嗜血的”）和 sanguine （“愉快乐观的”）两词之间的联系感到不解。 这种联系可以追溯到中世纪生理学中四种体液的概念（多血质型、胆汁型、黏液型和抑郁型）。这四种体液被认为可决定人的性格，或者能区分出精神和肉体上的特征。因此，如果血液是最主要的体液，一个人就应有红润的脸庞和以勇敢、充满希望、易于陷入情网为特征的性情。这种性情被称为sanguine ， 也就是我们sanguine 一词的中世纪英语的原形。 中世纪英语中该词源于古法语sanguin 一词和拉丁文 sanguineus （法语词的来源）。 在古法语和拉丁文中，该词意思都是“流血的”、“血色的”，古法语sanguin 还含有“生性乐天派的”之意。 拉丁文的sanguineus 也是由 sanguis （“血的”）而来，正如英语中的 sanguinary 一词。 英语形容词sanguine 最初记载于1350年以前的中古英语中， 演化为仅指伴随乐天派性情而具有的愉快和乐观之义，与中世纪生理学没有直接联系〔Holmes〕American physician and writer. A professor of anatomy and physiology at Harvard (1847-1882), he wrote humorous conversational pieces, includingThe Autocrat of the Breakfast Table (1858). 霍姆斯，奥利弗·温德尔：(1809-1894) 美国医生和作家，哈佛的解剖学及生理学教授(1847-1882年），他写过一些幽默的会谈式文章，其中有《早餐桌上的独裁者》 （1858年） 〔neurophysiology〕The branch of physiology that deals with the functions of the nervous system.神经生理学：生理学的分支，研究神经系统功能的生理学〔physiological〕Of or relating to physiology.生理学的，与生理学有关的〔Wilkins〕British biophysicist. He shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for advances in the study of DNA.威尔金斯，莫里斯·休·弗雷德里克：(生于 1916) 英国生物物理学家。他因推进了脱氧核糖核酸的研究而获1962年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖〔sanguine〕Having blood as the dominant humor in terms of medieval physiology.多血质的：在中世纪的生理学中把血液作为最主要的体液的 |
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