| 单词 | 田纳西州 |
| 释义 | 〔Cherokee〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting the southern Appalachian Mountains from the western Carolinas and eastern Tennessee to northern Georgia, with present-day populations in northeast Oklahoma and western North Carolina. The Cherokee were removed to Indian Territory in the 1830's after conflict with American settlers over rights to traditional lands.切罗基人：美洲土著人，原居住在美国卡罗来纳州西部和田纳西州东部到乔治亚州北部的阿巴拉契亚山脉南部，现在人口分布在俄克拉荷马州东北部以及北卡罗来纳州西部。在19世纪30年代因对传统土地的所有权与美洲殖民者发生冲突后曾被迁入印第安准州〔Delta〕An area of the south-central United States extending on either side of the Mississippi River from Memphis, Tennessee, to Vicksburg, Mississippi. An important cotton-producing region, it is noted for its folk culture, especially as the home of the earliest blues music.密西西比三角洲：在密西西比河两岸延伸的美国中南部地区，从田纳西州的孟菲斯至密西西比州的维克斯堡。密西西比三角洲是重要的产棉区并以其民间文化闻名，尤指它是早期蓝调音乐的发源地〔Memphis〕A city of southwest Tennessee on the Mississippi River near the Mississippi border. Established and named (1819) by Andrew Jackson on the site of a fort built in 1797, it was an important Union base after its capture by federal troops in 1862 during the Civil War. Memphis is today a major port and a tourist center famous for its associations with blues music. Population, 610,337.孟菲斯：美国田纳西州西南部一城市，位于密西西河边，接近密西西比州边界。由安德鲁·杰克逊于1797年在要塞的所在地建立起来，并给该城命名(1819年）。在内战期间于1862年被联邦军队占领后，就成了联邦的一个重要基地。今天，孟菲斯是一个主要港口，并成为以布希鲁斯音乐闻名的旅游中心。人口610,337〔Nolichucky〕A river, about 241 km (150 mi) long, rising in the Blue Ridge of western North Carolina and flowing northwest and west to the French Broad River in eastern Tennessee.诺利查基河：流程约241公里(150英里），发源于北卡罗来纳西部的蓝山脉，向西北和西流向东部田纳西州的佛伦奇布罗德河〔Chickamauga〕A city of extreme northwest Georgia south of Chattanooga, Tennessee. Confederate troops led by Braxton Bragg defeated Union forces here on September 19-20, 1863. Population, 2,232.奇克莫加：美国乔治亚州最西北端的城市，位于田纳西州的查塔努加以南。1963年9月19至20日布拉克斯顿·布雷格率领的南方联盟军在此打败了北方联邦军。人口2,232〔Blytheville〕A city of northeast Arkansas near the Mississippi River north of Memphis, Tennessee. It is a trade center in a cotton-growing area. Population, 22,906.布里兹维里：美国阿肯色州东北部城市，靠近密西西比河，在田纳西州孟菲斯市以北。是产棉区的贸易中心。人口22,906〔Hendersonville〕A city of northern Tennessee northeast of Nashville. It is a popular resort. Population, 41,700亨德森维尔：美国田纳西州北部城市，位于纳什维尔东北。该市是旅游胜地。人口41,700〔Murfree〕American writer of short stories and novels, such asDown the Ravine (1885), set in the mountains of Tennessee. 默费里，玛丽·诺阿耶：(1850-1922) 美国短篇小说家，作品如《坠入深渊》 （1885年），以田纳西州山区为背景 〔Bell〕American politician from Tennessee who was speaker of the House of Representatives (1834-1835) and later a senator (1847-1859). He fought unsuccessfully to prevent the Civil War.贝尔，约翰：(1797-1869) 美国政治家，来自田纳西州，美国众议院发言人（1834-1835年），后任参议员（1874-1895年）。他尝试图阻止内战，未获成功〔anymore〕In standard American English the wordanymore is often found in negative sentences: They don't live here anymore. Butanymore is widely used in regional American English in positive sentences with the meaning "nowadays": "We use a gas stove anymore" (Oklahoma informant in DARE).Its use, which appears to be spreading,is centered in the South Midland and Midwestern states—Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, Oklahoma, and Iowa—and the Western statesthat received settlers from those areas.The earliest recorded examples are from Northern Ireland,where the positive use ofanymore still occurs. 在标准美国英语里anymore 一词常出现于否定句里： 他们再也不在这儿住了。 但anymore 在地方美国英语里广泛用于肯定句中，意思是“如今”： “我们现如今使用煤气炉” （美国区域英语词典的俄克拉何马州情报提供者）。它的用法似乎还正扩展，主要集中于中南部和中西部各州--田纳西州，肯塔基州，印第安纳州，俄克拉何马州和依阿华州——以及接收了这些地区移民的西部各州。最早记载的例子来自北爱尔兰，在那里anymore 一词的肯定用法仍在使用 〔Dalton〕A city of northwest Georgia southeast of Chattanooga, Tennessee. It is an industrial center in an agricultural region. Population, 21,761.道尔顿：美国乔治亚西北部一城市，位于田纳西州的查塔努加东南。它是一个农业区的工业中心。人口21,761〔Oxford〕A city of northern Mississippi south-southeast of Memphis, Tennessee. It is the seat of the University of Mississippi ("Old Miss"), established in 1844, and was William Faulkner's home town. Population, 9,882.牛津：密西西比南部一城市，位于田纳西州孟斐斯东南偏南。是密西西比大学的所在地（老密西），建于1844年，它是威廉姆·福克纳的家乡。人口9,882〔Dyersburg〕A city of northwest Tennessee north-northeast of Memphis. It is a manufacturing and processing center. Population 16,317.戴恩斯堡：美国田纳西州西北部一城市，位于孟斐斯市东北偏北，它是一个制造和加工业中心。人口16,317〔Tullahoma〕A city of south-central Tennessee northwest of Chattanooga. It is a resort and processing center. Population, 16,761.土拉荷马：美国田纳西州中南部一城市，位于查塔努加西北，是旅游胜地和加工业中心。人口16,761〔Millington〕A city of southwest Tennessee north of Memphis. It is a manufacturing center in a farming area. Population, 17,866.米灵顿：美国田纳西州西南一城市，位于曼菲斯以北。为该农业区中的制造中心。人口17,866〔Holston〕A river, about 225 km (140 mi) long, rising in two forks in western Virginia and northeast Tennessee and flowing southwest to join the French Broad River and form the Tennessee River at Knoxville.霍尔斯顿河：一条流程约225公里(140英里）的河流，有两条分别源于美国弗吉尼亚州西部和田纳西州东北部的支流，向西南与法属布罗德河交汇并在诺克斯维形成田纳西河〔King〕American cleric whose eloquence and commitment to nonviolent tactics formed the foundation of the civil rights movement of the 1950's and 1960's. Among the many peaceful demonstrations he led was the 1963 March on Washington, at which he delivered his "I have a dream" speech. He won the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize, four years before he was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.金，小马丁·路德：(1929-1968) 美国牧师。他对非暴力策略的雄辩和信奉导致了20世纪50年代和60年代民权运动的形成。在他领导的众多和平示威中包括1963年的向华盛顿进军，此中他发布了“我有一个梦想”的演说。1964年他获诺贝尔和平奖，四年后被暗杀于田纳西州的孟菲斯〔Yuchi〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting northern Georgia and eastern Tennessee, politically included in the Creek confederacy since the 19th century.尤奇族：一支美洲土著人，原先居住在乔治亚州北部和田纳西州东部，19世纪以来，政治上归属克里克联盟〔Scopes〕American teacher who violated a state law by teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school. His trial (July 1925) was a highly publicized confrontation between defense attorney Clarence Darrow and the director of the prosecution William Jennings Bryan. Scopes was found guilty and fined a nominal sum, but his conviction was later reversed on technical grounds.斯科普斯，约翰·托马斯：(1900-1970) 美国一教师，因在田纳西州的一所中学里讲授进化论而违反了州法。对他的审判（1925年7月）是辩护律师克拉仑斯·达柔和原告律师长威廉·詹尼斯·布赖恩之间的公开的高度对抗。斯科普斯被确认为有罪而且被罚了一点微不足道的罚金，但对他的判决后果由于技术方面的理由后来得到平反〔Crockett〕American frontiersman and politician who was a U.S. representative from Tennessee (1827-1831 and 1833-1835) and joined the Texas revolutionaries fighting against Mexico. He died at the siege of the Alamo.克罗克特，戴维：(1786-1836) 美国边疆居民和政治家，他曾是来自田纳西州的美国众议院议员(1827-1831年以及1833-1835年），并加入了与墨西哥作战的得克萨斯革命军。他死于阿拉莫围攻战中〔Shiloh〕A locality in southwest Tennessee east of Memphis. The Civil War Battle of Shiloh (April 6-7, 1862) ended in the withdrawal of Confederate troops but claimed more than 10,000 casualties on both the Union and Confederate sides.希洛：田纳西州西南部，孟菲斯以东一个地方，内战中的希洛战役（1862年4月6-7日）以南方邦联部队的撤退而告终，但北方联邦军和南部邦联军的伤亡都超过一万〔Columbia〕A city of west-central Tennessee south-southwest of Nashville. It was first settled in 1807. Population, 28,583.哥伦比亚：美国田纳西州中西部一城市，位于纳什维尔西南偏南，初建于1807年。人口28,583〔Chattanooga〕A city of southeast Tennessee on the Georgia border southeast of Nashville. A port of entry on the Tennessee River, it was strategically important during the Civil War and was finally taken by Union forces in November 1863. Population, 152,466.查塔努加：美国田纳西州东南部城市，位于乔治亚州边界及纳什维尔东南部。田纳西河入口港口，在南北战争中具有战略性的地方并于最终于1863年被联邦军队攻占。人口152,466〔Hatchie〕A river rising in northern Mississippi and flowing about 290 km (180 mi) generally northwest to the Mississippi River north of Memphis, Tennessee.哈奇河：一条发源于密西西比北部，流程约290公里（180英里）的河流，流向西北，在田纳西州孟菲斯北部注入密西西比河〔Kefauver〕American politician. A U.S. representative (1939-1949) and senator (1949-1963) from Tennessee, he directed a highly publicized investigation into organized crime (1950-1951).基福弗，（凯里）埃斯蒂斯：(1903-1963) 美国政治家。作为美国参议员（1939-1949年）和田纳西州的议员（1949-1963年），他指挥对团伙犯罪进行了一次高度公开化的调查（1950-1951年）〔Hiwassee〕A river rising in northeast Georgia and flowing about 241 km (150 mi) northward across southwest North Carolina and into southeast Tennessee, where it joins the Tennessee River.海沃西河：发源于美国乔治亚州东北部的一条河流，向北流约241公里(150英里）流往美国南卡罗来纳州西南部，并在田纳西州东南部和田纳西河汇合〔Tennessee〕A state of the southeast United States. It was admitted as the 16th state in 1796. First visited by the Spanish in 1540, the region was explored by Daniel Boone in 1769 and became part of the United States in 1783. The short-lived state of Franklin (1784-1788) formed the basis for the Territory of the United States South of the River Ohio (1790) and the later state of Tennessee. Nashville is the capital and Memphis the largest city. Population, 4,896,641.田纳西州：美国东南部的一个州。1796年其被接纳为第十六个州。西班牙人于1540年首先到达这一地区，1769年坦尼尔·勃思探索了这一地区，1783年其成为美国的一部分。只存在了很短时间的弗兰克林州(1784－1788年）成为美国俄亥俄河南部地区(1790年）和后来的田纳西州的基础。纳什韦尔为其首府，孟斐斯为最大城市。人口4,896,641〔Murfreesboro〕A city of central Tennessee southeast of Nashville. The state capital from 1819 to 1825, it was the site of a hard-fought Union victory in the Battle of Murfreesboro (December 31, 1862-January 2, 1863). Population, 44,922.默夫里斯伯勒：美国田纳西州中部城市，位于纳什维尔东南部。从1819年到1825年为田纳西州首府，是默夫里斯伯勒战役中盟军艰苦斗争取得胜利的地点(1862年12月31日-1863年1月2日）。人口44,922〔Hendersonville〕A city of northern Tennessee northeast of Nashville. It is a popular resort. Population, 32,188.亨德森维尔：美国田纳西州北部的一城市，位于纳什维尔东北。是有名的度假胜地。人口32,188〔Southaven〕A community of extreme northwest Mississippi, a suburb of Memphis, Tennessee. Population, 17,949.南阿旺：美国密西西比州西北部最远端的一个社区，是田纳西州孟斐斯的郊区。人口17,949〔Kingsport〕A city of northeast Tennessee near the Virginia border east-northeast of Knoxville. Its industries include printing and bookbinding. Population, 36,365.金斯波特：美国田纳西州东北部一城市，靠近弗吉尼亚州边界诺克斯维尔东北偏东。其工业包括印刷业和装订业。人口36,365〔bodacious〕Popularized in the comic stripSnuffy Smith, bodacious is probably a blend of the words bold and audacious, whose combined senses are evident in the following description of Sevier County, Tennessee,as"the most bodacious display of tourisma this side of Anaheim" (Los Angeles Times).A more traditional meaning is "remarkable, prodigious": "a bodacious amount of smoke" (Springfield MA Morning Union); "the most bodacious tale of hidden treasure" (Lawrence E. Will). Bodacious can also be an adverbial intensifier: "She's so bowdacious unreasonable when she's raised [irritated] ” (William T. Thompson).Black speech in New York City retains this Southernism asbardacious. Joseph Wright'sEnglish Dialect Dictionary cites the form boldacious, which, as the likely source forbodacious, strengthens the theory that some archaic British expressions are preserved in the speech of the American South.因胆大包天的斯纳费·史密斯 中的连载漫画而家喻户晓。其大概是 bold 和 audacious 两词的组合， 其组合意思在以下对田纳西州的塞费尔县的描述中很明显的：“阿纳海姆的大肆渲染的观光演出” （洛杉矶时报）。一个更传统的意思是“突出的，大量的”： “滚滚浓烟” （斯普林菲尔德·MA·联合晨报）； “关于隐藏的宝藏的最迷人传说” （劳伦斯·E·威尔）。 Bodacious 也可用作加强语气的副词： “她被激［怒］ 时变得如此不可理喻” （威廉·T·汤普逊）。纽约市的黑人语言还保留了这一南方音bardacious。 约瑟夫·莱特编的英语方言辞典 记录了 boldacious 的形式， 它可能是boadacious 的来源， 这证实了以下的看法：一些古时的英语表达方式仍保留在美国南部方言中〔Cookeville〕A city of central Tennessee east of Nashville. It is a farm trade center. Population, 21,744.库克维尔：美国田纳西州中部一城市，位于纳什维尔以东，是一个农产品集贸中心。人口21,744〔Clarksville〕A city of northwest Tennessee on the Cumberland and Red rivers northwest of Nashville. An important tobacco market, it is also a manufacturing center. Population, 75,494.克拉克斯维尔：美国田纳西州西北部城市，位于纳什维尔西北的坎伯兰和雷德河上。为重要的烟草市场，也是制造业中心。人口75,494〔Morristown〕A city of northeast Tennessee east-northeast of Knoxville. Settled in 1783, it is a manufacturing and processing center. Population, 21,385.莫里森市：美国田纳西州东北部-城市，位于诺克思维尔东北偏东方。建立1783年，是一个制造和加工中心。人口21,385〔Gallatin〕A city of northern Tennessee northeast of Nashville. It is a trade and market center in a tobacco-growing region. Population, 18,794.加勒廷：美国田纳西州北部的一座城市，位于纳什维尔东北部。是一个盛产烟草地区的贸易和市场中心。人口18,794〔tump〕The verbtump, used almost invariably with over in the intransitive sense "to fall over"and the transitive sense "to overturn,”is in common use in the South.The editors of theDictionary of American Regional English have collected evidence of its use in Arkansas, Texas, and Kentucky; it is also common in Alabama, Tennessee, and Georgia.This example supplied byDARE is typical: "When he brushed against the coffee table his Coke tumped over" (Little Rock, Arkansas, informant).But another citation, taken from Gregory Jaynes's parody of detective fiction, "In New York State: Who Poisoned the Pudding?” in the June 17, 1985, issue ofTime, indicates that tump may not be exclusively Southern: "At the end he tumps over into his rice pudding, poisoned. Whodunit?” As for its ultimate origin,tump is probably related to tumble as a separate development from the same Old English verbtumbian. 动词tump 几乎总是和 over 连用， 作不及物动词表示“倾倒，翻倒”，也可作及物动词表示“弄翻，翻转”，这个词在南部普遍使用。美国方言词典 的编辑们收集证据证明这个词用于阿肯色州、得克萨斯州和肯塔基州， 也普遍用于阿拉巴马州，田纳西州和佐治亚州。美国区域英语词典 中提供的这个例句很典型： “当他擦过咖啡桌时，他的可乐打翻了” （阿肯色州小石城，密告者）。但是从格里高利·杰恩斯的模仿侦探小说的作品《在纽约州：谁往布丁里下了毒?》（该作品刊登于1985年6月17日出版的时代 )中摘录的另一处引文却显示 tump 不一定只在南方使用： “最后，他跌倒在自己的稻米布丁中，被毒死了。谁干的?” 至于这个的词的最终来源，tump 可能与 tumble 有关， 它们分别从同一个古英语动词tumbian 发展而来 〔Cleveland〕A city of southeast Tennessee east-northeast of Chattanooga. It is a trade center with varied industries. Population, 30,354.克利夫兰：美国田纳西州东南部，查塔努加东北偏东的一座城市，是一个有多种工业的贸易中心。人口30,354〔Bristol〕Two cities on the Tennessee-Virginia line east-northeast of Kingsport, Tennessee. The communities, though politically independent, are an economic unit and share a main thoroughfare along the state boundary. Population, 23,421 (Tennessee) and 18,426 (Virginia).布里斯托尔：美国田纳西州和弗吉尼亚州边境上，田纳西州的金斯波特东北偏东的两座城市。尽管政治上独立，两个社区在经济上是统一体，沿州界共用一条主街。人口23,421（田纳西）和18,426（弗吉尼亚）〔Jackson〕A city of western Tennessee northeast of Memphis. Settled in 1819, it is a processing and educational center. Population, 48,949.杰克逊：美国田纳西州西部一城市，位于曼菲斯市东北。1819年建市，是一个加工制造业和教育中心。人口48,949 |
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