| 单词 | 痛苦 |
| 释义 | 〔torture〕Excruciating physical or mental pain; agony:折磨：难以忍受的肉体或精神上的痛苦；剧痛：〔scream〕 Scream generally denotes a prolonged penetrating soundindicative of physical suffering or emotion, such as fear: Scream 一般来讲表示一种延长的刺耳声音，暗示着经受了身体上或者情感上的痛苦，例如恐惧： 〔rehearsal〕a long rehearsal of his woes.关于他的痛苦的详细叙述〔scream〕"He immediately began to scream with pain" (Francis Marion Crawford).“他立即因痛苦尖叫起来” （弗朗西斯·玛瑞·科罗弗德）。〔Spartan〕Courageous in the face of pain, danger, or adversity.坚毅的：在面对痛苦、危险或逆境时有勇气的〔vexatious〕Full of annoyance or distress; harassed.有许多烦恼或者痛苦的；受折磨的〔bitter〕Causing a sharply unpleasant, painful, or stinging sensation; harsh:严酷的：不快的，痛苦的，刺痛的；涩口的：〔roar〕A loud, deep, prolonged sound or cry, as of a person in distress or rage.大声喊叫：如人在痛苦或恼怒时发出的响亮、深厚且持续时间长的声音或哭喊〔hurt〕Mental suffering; anguish:精神上的痛苦；苦恼：〔writhe〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to twist and turn in discomfort or suffering": 这些动词共有的中心意思为“在痛苦或不适中扭曲或翻转”： 〔tragedy〕A drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw, a moral weakness, or an inability to cope with unfavorable circumstances.悲剧：戏剧或文学作品，其中的主要人物走向毁灭或遭受极端的痛苦，尤其是因悲剧性缺陷、道德弱点或无力应付不利环境而造成的后果〔torment〕A source of harassment, annoyance, or pain.使人痛苦的东西：骚扰，烦恼或痛苦的来源〔poltroon〕"Every moment of the fashion industry's misery is richly deserved by the designers . . . and magazine poltroons who perpetuate this absurd creation"(Nina Totenberg)“时装工业每一个痛苦的时刻都是完全应该被时装设计师们…和那些使这种荒诞创造永久化的杂志懦夫领受”(尼娜·图腾伯格)〔wretched〕Characterized by or attended with misery or woe:悲惨的：具有不幸或痛苦的特征的，或伴随不幸或痛苦的：〔pity〕 Pity often implies a feeling of sorrowthat inclines one to help or to show mercy: Pity 常表示一种痛苦的感情，使得某人因此想帮助或表示怜悯： 〔agonize〕To cause great pain or anguish to.See Synonyms at afflict 折磨：给…造成巨大的疼痛或极度的痛苦 参见 afflict〔compassion〕Deep awareness of the suffering of another coupled with the wish to relieve it.See Synonyms at pity 怜悯：对别人的痛苦深入了解，伴随着解脱此痛苦的希望 参见 pity〔kill〕To cause extreme pain or discomfort to:伤害：产生极大痛苦或不适：〔mourn〕To make a low, indistinct, mournful sound. Used especially of a dove.咕哝：发出低低的、不清晰的、痛苦的声音，尤指野鸽子咕咕低鸣〔regret〕 Heartache most often applies to sustained private sorrow: Heartache 通常指持久的内心痛苦： 〔yow〕Used to express alarm, pain, or surprise.哟：用于表达惊恐、痛苦或惊讶〔ah〕Used to express various emotions, such as satisfaction, surprise, delight, dislike, or pain.啊：用来表示各种情绪，如满意、惊讶、愉悦、厌恶或痛苦等〔anguished〕Feeling, expressing, or caused by anguish:痛苦的：感觉，表现出极度痛苦的或由痛苦引起的：〔guillotine〕"At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.”So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, "a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor's name,but because of Guillotin's famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字〔distressed〕Suffering distress:痛苦的，苦恼的，忧虑的：〔burn〕To be vividly or painfully present:涌现，浮现：生动或痛苦地存在：〔suffer〕To tolerate or endure evil, injury, pain, or death.See Synonyms at bear 1受苦，受害：忍受或容忍不幸、伤害、痛苦或死亡 参见 bear1〔inexpressible〕inexpressible grief.See Synonyms at unspeakable 无法形容的痛苦 参见 unspeakable〔apoplexy〕"The proud . . . members suffered collective apoplexy, and this year they are out for blood"(David Finch)“骄傲的…成员们经历了共同愤怒的痛苦，今年他们想杀人了”(戴维·芬奇)〔woe〕Deep distress or misery, as from grief; wretchedness.See Synonyms at regret 悲惨或悲哀：深深的痛苦或苦恼，如因悲伤；不幸 参见 regret〔rheumatic〕Of, relating to, or suffering from rheumatism.风湿病的：属于、有关或遭受风湿病痛苦的〔transcendent〕"fails to achieve a transcendent significance in suffering and squalor"(National Review)“无法从痛苦和卑劣之中获得一种超然的意义”(国内评论)〔moving〕Poignant suggests the evocation of keen, painful emotion: Poignant 暗指引起尖锐的、痛苦的感情的： 〔analgesia〕algēsia [pain] from algein [to feel pain] from algos [pain] algēsia [痛苦] 源自 algein [感到痛苦] 源自 algos [痛苦] 〔longanimity〕Calmness in the face of suffering and adversity; forbearance.（对伤痛的）忍耐，坚忍：面对痛苦和不幸保持平静；自制〔bear〕Tolerate, in its principal application to something other than pain, connotes reluctant acceptance despite reservations: Tolerate 主要用于指除痛苦之外的一些事情，含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意： 〔pine〕To wither or waste away from longing or grief:消瘦，憔悴：因怀念、痛苦而消瘦或衰弱：〔pathos〕Greek [suffering] * see k went(h)- 希腊语 [痛苦] * 参见 k went(h)- 〔heavy〕Sad or painful:悲痛的，痛苦的：〔poignant〕"Keen, poignant agonies seemed to shoot from his neck downward"(Ambrose Bierce)“强烈而痛苦的疼痛似乎从他的脖子直往下蔓延”(安布罗斯·比尔斯) |
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