| 单词 | 白痴 |
| 释义 | 〔Sherwood〕American playwright whose works includeIdiot's Delight (1936), Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1938), and There Shall Be No Night (1940), each of which won a Pulitzer Prize. 舍伍德，罗伯特·埃米特：(1896-1955) 美国剧作家，他的作品包括《白痴的欢乐》 （1936年）， 《亚伯·林肯在伊利诺斯》 （1938年），和 《不会有夜晚》 （1940年），每个剧都获了普利策奖 〔goofball〕A foolish, incompetent, or stupid person.傻瓜，白痴，蠢人〔fool〕One who is regarded as deficient in judgment, sense, or understanding.蠢人，白痴：被认为缺乏判断、感觉或理解力的人〔Wynn〕American actor who wrote and performed in such comedies asEd Wynn's Carnival (1920) and The Perfect Fool (1921). 温恩，埃德：(1886-1966) 美国演员，他写作并演出了喜剧，如《爱德·温恩的欢宴》 （1920年）和 《纯粹的白痴》 （1921年） 〔blockhead〕A person regarded as very stupid; a dolt.傻瓜：非常愚蠢的人；白痴〔chump〕A stupid or foolish person; a dolt.愚蠢的或愚笨的人；白痴〔idiocy〕Extreme folly or stupidity.白痴：极其错误或愚蠢〔liable〕Liable, apt, and likely are often used interchangeably in constructions with following infinitives, as inJohn is liable to lose, John is apt to lose, and John is likely to lose. The three words are distinct in meaning.A widely repeated rule holdsthatliable should only be used if the subject would be adversely affected by the outcome expressed by the infinitive. The rule therefore permitsJohn is liable to fall out of his chair if he doesn't sit up straight but notThe chair is liable to be slippery, though constructions of the latter type have long been common in reputable writing.Apt usually suggests that the subject has a natural tendency enhancing the probability of an outcome, and that the speaker is in some way apprehensive about the outcome.Thusapt is more naturally used in a sentence like The fuel pump is apt to give out at any minute than in Even the clearest instructions are apt to be misinterpreted by those idiots (since the instructions are not at fault)or inThe fuel pump is apt to give you no problems for the life of the car (since there is no reason that the speaker should regard such an outcome as unfortunate).Likely is more general than either liable or apt. It ascribes no particular property to the subject that enhances the probability of the outcome:whileJohn is apt to lose the election may suggest that the loss will result from something John does or fails to do, John is likely to lose the election does not. Nor does it suggest anything about the desirability of the outcome from the point of view of either the speaker or the subject.A football coach who saysWe are apt to win may be suspected of sarcasm,and one who saysWe are liable to win may be suspected of having bet on the opposition;onlyWe are likely to win is consistent with the expression of an unambivalent expectation of victory. See Usage Note at likely Liable，apt 和 likely 在如下不定式结构中经常可以互换， 例如 John is liable to lose，John is apt to lose 和 John is likely to lose 。 这三个词的意思是有区别的。一条公认的语法规则认为，只有当主语受不定式所表示的动作或结果的不利影响时，才使用liable 。 因此这条规则允许说如果约翰不坐直身子的话，他很容易从椅子上掉下来的 ， 但不允许说椅子可能很滑 ， 尽管在规范的写作中，后一种类型的句型已经很普遍了。Apt 通常表示主语有增加某种结果的可能性的自然倾向， 而且说话者对此结果多少有些忧虑。因此，apt 用在句子 燃料泵可能随时停止运转 中，比用在 即使是最明了的指令也有可能被那些白痴误解 中更自然 （因为错的不是指令），也比用在燃料可能不会对你的车的使用寿命带来什么问题 中更合适 （因为说话者没有理由认为这样一个结果很不幸）。Likely 比 liable 或 apt 更具概括性。 它并不说明增加了一个结果的可能性的主语是否具有何特性：句子约翰在选举中可能会失败 可能暗示失败归因于约翰所做的或没能做的某件事， 而句子约翰在选举中有可能失败 则没有这种暗示。 另外，它也没有关于说话者或主语是否喜欢某一结果的暗示。如果一位足球教练说We are apt to win ， 他可能带有讽刺意味，但如果他说We are liable to win ， 他的意思是他认为他们可能会输；只有说We are likely to win ，才明确表示有希望获胜 参见 likely〔moron〕A person regarded as very stupid.白痴：一个被视为很愚蠢的人〔blooming〕a blooming hot day; a blooming idiot.大热天；十足的白痴〔Dostoyevsky〕Russian writer whose works combine religious mysticism with profound psychological insight. His four great novels areCrime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1868-1869), The Possessed (1871), and The Brothers Karamazov (1879-1880). 杜斯妥也夫斯基，费奥多·米哈伊洛维奇：(1821-1881) 俄国作家，其作品兼有宗教神秘色彩和对生理方面的深奥见解。他的四部最有名的小说分别为《罪与罚》 （1866年） 《白痴》 、（1868-1869年） 《着魔》 、（1871年）和 《卡拉马助夫兄弟们》 （1879-1880年） 〔Laurel〕British-born American comedian who with Oliver Hardy formed the first great comedy team of talking films. Their works includeThe Music Box (1932) and A Chump at Oxford (1940). 劳莱，阿瑟·斯坦利·杰斐逊：(1890-1965) 英裔美国喜剧演员，他和奥利佛·哈代组成了有声电影中第一对杰出的喜剧搭档，他们的作品包括《八音盒》 （1932年）和 《牛津白痴》 （1940年） 〔idiot〕A foolish or stupid person.白痴，傻子：很笨或很愚蠢的人〔challenged〕People who object to the termsdisabled and handicapped as being too negative sometimes propose the substitution of challenged instead, as in referring to persons with physical disabilities as physically challenged. While this particular phrase is quite popular, it is sometimes taken to be condescending, and similar usages such as mentally challenged have failed to win equal acceptance. Indeed, the widespread parody of challenged in such expressions as electronically challenged for "inept at using computers" has effectively eliminated it as an all-purpose alternative to disabled or handicapped. 一些觉得使用disabled 和 handicapped 字眼过于负面的人，偶会以委婉的 challenged 代替，如用 physically challenged 指肢体有缺陷。这个特别词汇的使用相当普遍，因为有时会被视为较谦逊的用法，不过相似用法的接受度不一定相同， mentally challenged 这个用法便无法获得相同的认同。事实上，广为流传的 challenged 谐谑用法如以 electronically challenged（计算机残障） 来形容计算机白痴，已使得其全面替代 disabled 或 handicapped 沦为梦想 |
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