| 单词 | 百分之九十 |
| 释义 | 〔various〕Various is sometimes used as a pronoun, as inHe spoke to various of the members. It is not clear why this usage should be regarded as an error, since it is supported by analogy to the uses of quantifiers such asfew, many, and several. But it has occasioned widespread critical objections;in an earlier survey the usage was found unacceptable by 91 percent of the Usage Panel.Various 有时用做代词， 如在他和成员中的好几个人谈过话。 因为，对数量词如few, many 和 several 的用法的类推支持这种用法，所以为什么这种用法被看做是一种错误就不明确了。 但是也遇到不同的广泛流传的批评性的反对，在一次早期调查中发现，用法专题使用小组的百分之九十一的成员对此用法不予接受〔internecine〕In the first edition of theAmerican Heritage Dictionary 91 percent of the Usage Panel approved the use ofinternecine relating to internal struggle within a nation or organization that did not necessarily imply fatal or destructive conflict.The objection that had been overcome for most of the Panel was thatinternecine should imply such destruction because it came from the Latin wordinternecīnus, a variant ofinternecīvus, "fought to the death, murderous,” ultimately derived fromnecāre, "to kill.” Inter- in this compound is simply an intensive, supplying the notion of "all the way to" in the sense "fought to the death.”Internecine in English, first recorded in 1663, indeed meant "deadly, destructive,”but Samuel Johnson, inserting the word in his dictionary of 1755,thought thatinter- meant "mutual" and so defined it as "endeavoring mutual destruction.”This definition set the word incorrectly on its present course,and wheninternecine was further extended simply to mean "relating to internal struggle,” the original error was compounded.However, the point is that the meaning of words can be changed by mistakes and that mistaken meanings adhere to words.Only an occasional etymologist points out that the emperor's new clothes are patched.在美国经典辞书 第一版中， 百分之九十一的用法专题使用小组成员赞同internecine 与一个国家或组织内部的斗争有关， 但并不一定是致命的或有破坏性的冲突。为大多数小组成员说服的反对意见为internecine 应该暗指这种破坏， 因为它来源于拉丁词internecinus ， 是internecivus 的变体，意为“战至死亡的，谋杀的”， 它最终来源于意为“杀害”的necare 。 在这个复合词中inter- 只是简单的一个强调成分， 在“战至死亡的”这个意义上加上“一直”这个概念。在英语中internecine 最早记载于1663年， 确实意味着“致死的，破坏性的”，但是塞缪尔·约翰逊在其1755年的字典中插入此词，认为inter- 意为“共同的”， 并且将它定义为“竭力造成共同破坏的”。这个定义造成此词今日用法的不准确，而且当internecine 更进一步被简单地引申为“关于内部斗争的”时， 其起源的错误就加重了。但是，重要的是词的意思被错误改变并且为错误意思所追随。只有偶尔的一个词源学家指出“皇帝的新衣服打满补丁”〔but〕Traditional grammarians have worried over what form the pronoun ought to take whenbut is used to indicate an exception in sentences such as No one but I (or No one but me ) has read it. Some have argued thatbut is a conjunction in these sentences and therefore should be followed by the nominative formI. However, many of these grammarians have gone on to argue somewhat inconsistentlythat the accusative formme is appropriate when the but phrase occurs at the end of a sentence, as inNo one has read it but me. While this treatment of the construction has a considerable weight of precedent on its sideand cannot be regarded as incorrect,a strong case can be made on grammatical grounds for treating this use ofbut as a preposition. For one thing, ifbut were truly a conjunction here, we would expect the verb to agree in person and number with the noun or pronoun followingbut; we would then sayNo one but the students have read it. What is more, ifbut were a true conjunction here we would not expect that it could be moved to the end of a clause, as inNo one has read it but the students. Note that we cannot use the conjunctionand in a similar way, saying John left and everyone else in the class in place of John and everyone else in the class left. These observations suggest thatbut is best considered as a preposition here and followed by accusative forms such asme and them in all positions: No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me. These recommendations are supported by 73 percent of the Usage Panel when thebut phrase precedes the verb and by 93 percent when thebut phrase follows the verb. · But is redundant when used together with however, as in But the army, however, went on with its plans; one or the other word should be eliminated. ·But is generally not followed by a comma. Correct written style requiresKim wanted to go, but we stayed, not Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed. · But may be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style. See Usage Note at and ,cannot ,doubt ,however ,I 1传统的语法学家考虑当but 用于表示例外的意思时应该用什么形式的代词，比如 No one but I （或者 No one but me ) has read it 。 有人认为but 在这种句子中是个连词， 因此应该使用主格I。 然而许多语法学家接下来的讨论有些不一致，即当but 短语出现在句子末尾时用宾格 me 比较合适， 如No one has read it but me（除我以外没有人读过它）。 同时这种结构前置处理的重要性是值得考虑的，并且不会被认为是不正确的，一个有力的例子在语法范畴内，认为but 在这里作介词使用。 首先如果but 在此真是一个连词的话， 我们会期望同名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致的动词跟在but 后面； 我们会说No one but the students have read it（除学生以外没有人读过它）。 再者，如果but 在此真是连词的话，我们不希望它被放在句子末尾， 如在句子No one has read it but the students 中。 注意我们不以类似的方式来使用连词and ，说 John left and everyone else in the class 来代替 John and everyone else in the class left。 这些发现表明but 在此最好被当作介词， 在任何位置后面都应跟宾格形式如me 和 them ： No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me（除了我没人读过它）。 当but 短语放在动词之前时，有百分之七十三的用法专题使用小组成员支持这些提议； 而当but 短语放在动词之后时，得到百分之九十三的小组成员的支持。 But 在同 however 一起使用时是多余的，如 But the army, however, went on with its plans； 这两个词必须去掉其中一个。But 通常后面不加逗号。 正确的写法是Kim wanted to go, but we stayed, 而不是 Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed 。 But 可以放在所有文体标准的句子开头 参见 and,cannot,doubt,however,I1〔Han〕A member of the principal ethnic group of China, constituting about 93 percent of the population, especially as distinguished from Manchus, Mongols, Huis, and other minority nationalities. Also called Chinese ,Han Chinese 汉人；汉族：中国占主导地位的种族集团的成员，占人口总数的大约百分之九十三，主要区别于满族、蒙族、回族以及其它少数民族 也作 Chinese,Han Chinese〔disinterested〕a proportion that is not significantly different from the 93 percent who disapproved of the same usage in an earlier survey.与前一段统计中不赞成这一同样用法的比率百分之九十三相比，没有什么大的差别〔percentile〕One of a set of points on a scale arrived at by dividing a group into parts in order of magnitude. For example, a score higher than 97 percent of those attained on an examination is said to be in the 97th percentile.百分位数：按数量顺序把一组分成部分，其中某个范畴的一组数。例如在考试中比百分之九十七的人都高的分数被称做在第九七区间内〔conflicted〕The adjectiveconflicted is associated with the jargon of New Age psychology: 92 percent of the Usage Panel rejected its use in the sentence 这个形容词conflicted 与新时代心理学的术语有关： 百分之九十二的用法专题使用小组成员认为在下面这个句子中的用法是不可接受的： 〔silicate〕Any of a large group of minerals, forming over 90 percent of the earth's crust, that consist of SiO2 or SiO 4 groupings combined with one or more metals and sometimes hydrogen. 硅酸盐：在地壳中，含量超过百分之九十的大批矿石中的一种矿石群，包括与一种或几种金属、有时与氢结合的SiO2或SiO 4 〔either〕But this usage is widely regarded as incorrect;in an earlier survey it was rejected by 92 percent of the Usage Panel. ·When all the elements in aneither . . . or construction (or a neither . . . nor construction) used as the subject of a sentence are singular, the verb is singular: 但是这种用法通常被认为是不正确的，在以前的调查中它被用法使用小组百分之九十二的成员所否定。当作为句中主语的either…or 结构（或 neither…nor 结构）中的所有成分都是单数的时候， 动词也应用单数： 〔suffer〕In general usagesuffer is preferably used with from, rather than with, in constructions such as He suffered from hypertension. According to 94 percent of the Usage Panel,suffered with would be unacceptable in the preceding example. In medical usagesuffer with is sometimes employed with reference to the actual pain or discomfort caused by a condition, whilesuffer from is used more broadly in reference to a condition, such as anemia, that is detrimental but not necessarily painful.就一般用法而言，在诸如他患有高血压症 这样的结构中， suffer 最好是与 from 连用，而不是 with 。 百分之九十四的用法委员会认为，在上一个例子中用suffer with 将不被接受。 在医学上，suffer with 有时用来指示某种状况引起的具体疼痛或不适， 而suffer from 则多用来表示一种状况，如贫血症， 这种状况是有害的但不一定是痛苦的或引起疼痛的 |
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