| 单词 | 的命运 |
| 释义 | 〔Malraux〕French writer and politician. A member of the French resistance during World War II, he served as minister of culture (1959-1969) under Charles de Gaulle. His written works include novels of adventure and political action, such asMan's Fate (1933), and books of art history. 马尔罗，安德鲁：(1901-1976) 法国作家和政治家。二战时法国抵抗组织的成员，1959年至1969年出任查尔斯·戴高乐政府的文化部长。他的作品包括历险小说和政治活动小说，例如《人类的命运》 （1933年）以及一些有关艺术史的书 〔eschatology〕A belief or a doctrine concerning the ultimate or final things, such as death, the destiny of humanity, the Second Coming, or the Last Judgment.（宗教）末世观：一种关于事物最后或最终的结局，诸如死、人类的命运、来世以及最后判决，的信条或教义〔noise〕"Whatever the fate of Eureka, it should have some positive effects, even if modest in comparison to its political noise, for the technological cooperation of European firms"(Foreign Affairs)“无论欧雷卡的命运如何，都将带来正面的影响，纵然这比与它在政治上引起的骚动小得多，因为它导致欧洲各公司间的技术合作”(外交事务)〔inflexible〕"Cynthia was inexorable—she would have none of him" (Winston Churchill).The term also describes things, such as fate and law, that are inevitable, relentless, and often severe in effect: 辛西亚毫不动摇——她不要他的任何东西 （温斯顿·丘吉尔）。该词也用于描述事物（如具有不可抗力），通常有严峻效果的命运和法律： 〔cup〕A lot or portion to be suffered or enjoyed.际遇：必须忍受或享有的命运或处境〔fate〕Unfavorable destiny; doom.宿命：不好的命运；命运〔anomic〕"anomic loners musing over their fate"(Francine du Plessix Gray)“精神颓废的孤独者们在思考他们的命运”(弗朗辛·杜·普莱西克斯·格雷)〔Gracchus〕Roman social reformer. Known with his brotherGaius Sempronius Gracchus (153-121 b.c. ) as "the Gracchi,” he sought to aid poor farmers through greater subdivision of land but was killed in a riot. Gaius assumed his brother's work, initiating several reforms, and met a similar fate. 格拉古·提比略，提比略·森普罗斯：(163-133) 罗马社会改革家。与其弟盖约·森普罗纽·格拉古 （ 公元前 153-121年）以“格拉古兄弟”之称闻名，寻求通过土地的大规模再划分来帮助贫穷的农民，但在一次暴乱中被杀。盖约接替其兄的工作，发动了几次改革，但遭到了类似的命运 〔fortune〕A foretelling of one's destiny.算命：预测人的命运〔pamper〕"He seems to be in no danger of being spoilt by good fortune" (George Gissing).“他似乎没有被好的命运惯坏的危险” （乔治·吉光）。〔seal〕Our fate was sealed.我们的命运是上天注定的〔ax〕Ax, a common nonstandard variant of ask, is often identified as an especially salient feature of African American Vernacular English. While it is true that the form is frequent in the speech of African Americans, it used to be common in the speech of white Americans as well, especially in New England. This should not be surprising since ax is a very old word in English, having been used in England for over 1,000 years. In Old English we find both āscian and ācsian, and in Middle English both asken and axen. Moreover, the forms with cs or x had no stigma associated with them. Chaucer used asken and axen interchangeably, as in the lines "I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyf" and "Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle,” both from The Canterbury Tales. The forms in x arose from the forms in sk by a linguistic process called metathesis, in which two sounds are reversed. The x thus represents (ks), the flipped version of (sk). Metathesis is a common linguistic process around the world and does not arise from a defect in speaking. Nevertheless, ax has become stigmatized as substandard—a fate that has befallen other words, like ain't, that were once perfectly acceptable in literate circles. ask 的一般非标准变体 ax 常被认为是美国黑人英语极为显著的特色。尽管美国黑人在交谈中的确使用ax这种形式，但美国白人也在口语中普遍使用它，尤其是新英格兰的白人。不必对此表示惊奇，因为 ax 是个很古老的英语词汇，在英语中至少使用了1000年以上。古英语中有 āscian 和 ācsian, ，中古英语中有 asken 和 axen 。而且，带 cs 或 x 的形式同不好的含义无关。乔叟在下文中交替使用 asken 和 axen ："I wol aske, if it hir will be/To be my wyf（我问道，这是真是幻/将成为我的妻子）”和"Men axed hym, what sholde bifalle（人们问他，会降临什么）”，这两句话都出自 《坎特伯利故事集》 。带 sk 的形式经由 换位 的语言过程产生带 x 的形式，换位就是将两个音位置颠倒。因此 x 表示(ks)的发音，即(sk)的翻转发音。换位是世界通用的语言过程并且不会造成交谈中的欠缺。但 ax 已被记作非标准用法──同样降临在曾一度被知识界完全接受的其它单词（如 ain't ）的命运 〔inextricable〕bound together by an inextricable fate.被无法逃避的命运拴在一起〔portion〕A person's lot or fate.See Synonyms at fate 人的命运 参见 fate〔fate〕success that was her portion. 成功是她的命运 〔ironic〕madness, an ironic fate for such a clear thinker.发疯，对这样一个思维清晰的人莫过于一种带有嘲弄意味的命运〔luck〕One's personal fate or lot:命运：个人的命运或运气：〔Cynewulf〕Anglo-Saxon poet whose extant works areJuliana, Elene, The Ascension, and The Fates of the Apostles. 基涅武甫：盎格鲁-撒克逊诗人，其现存作品有《朱丽安娜，埃琳娜，耶稣升天》 和 《使徒们的命运》 〔Scone〕A village of central Scotland northeast of Perth. The old part of the village was the coronation site of Scottish kings until 1651. The Stone of Scone, or Stone of Destiny, which served as a throne during the coronation rites, was taken to England by Edward I in the late 13th century and today rests in Westminster Abbey beneath the chair used during the crowning of British monarchs. 斯昆：一个位于苏格兰中部、佩思东北部的村庄。直到1651年这个村庄的旧部都是苏格兰国王的加冕地。这个村庄在作为加冕地期间，一块当作御座的命运之石在13世纪晚期被爱德华一世带入英格兰，今天它被放置在威斯敏斯特教堂内一张英国封建君主曾用于加冕的椅子下面〔meet〕met his fate with courage.勇敢地面对他的命运〔share〕"Their wives and families shared their lot" (George Bancroft). “他们的妻子和家庭共同承担他们的命运” （乔治·班克罗夫特）。 〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔star〕A planet or constellation of the zodiac believed in astrology to influence personal destiny.命运：占星术中认为能够影响人的命运的黄道行星或星座〔behavior〕"The fate of unborn millions will now depend . . . on the courage and conduct of this army" (George Washington). “尚未出生的数以百万人的命运就取决于这支军队的勇气和行动” （乔治·华盛顿）。 〔rhinestone〕Although rhinestones are inseparably associated with the costumes of country and western singers and Las Vegas showgirls,the word originally had European associations.The Rhine inrhinestone is the Rhine River, andrhinestone is a translation into English of the French phrase caillou du Rhin. Originally a rhinestone was a kind of rock crystal that was found in or near the Rhine and given a fancy name, as have other types of rock crystal such as Cornish diamond.Such stones could be made to imitate diamonds;hence the namerhinestone was applied to artificial gems made from paste, glass, or gem quartz. Rhinestones have spread far beyond the Rhine,becoming a central ingredient of certain aspects of Americana.Cornish diamonds have not shared the same fate.虽然莱茵石与乡村服装，西部歌手及拉斯维加斯的歌舞女郎联系紧密，但这个单词最初与欧洲有联系。单词rhinestong（莱茵石） 中的Rhine指莱茵河， 而rhinestone 是由法语短语 caillou du Rhin 翻译成英语的。 莱茵石最初是一种在莱茵河中或附近发现的天然透明石英石，并如同其它类型天然透明石英石，例如康沃尔钻石那样被赋予了一个新奇的名字。这样的石头能被用来仿造钻石；因而名称rhinestone（莱茵石） 便用于由含铅玻璃、玻璃或宝石石英制成的人造宝石。 莱茵石已遍及莱茵河以外，成为美国某些外观的重要组成部分。而康沃尔钻石则没有同样的命运〔ponder〕"The old warrior king was . . . ruminating on his gloomy fortunes" (Washington Irving). “年迈的武士之王正在…反复咀嚼他暗淡的命运和前途” （华盛顿·欧文）。 〔yearn〕yearned over the poor child's fate.深深地同情那些穷孩子的命运〔fate〕complained about their miserable destiny;抱怨他们悲惨的命运；〔palmistry〕The practice or art of telling fortunes from the lines, marks, and patterns on the palms of the hands.手相的判断：从手掌上的纹、线或图案判断一个人的命运的实践或艺术〔accept〕accept one's fate.承受某人的命运〔fortune〕told my fortune with tarot cards.用纸牌来算我的命运〔allegorize〕a story of barnyard animals that allegorizes the fate of Soviet socialism.讲述关于谷仓前空地上动物的故事讽喻了苏维埃社会主义的命运 |
| 随便看 |
|
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。