| 单词 | 的承认 |
| 释义 | 〔tribute〕A payment in money or other valuables made by one ruler or nation to another in acknowledgment of submission or as the price of protection or security.贡品，贡金：由某统治者或国家向另一个统治者或国家支付的钱或其他珍贵物品，作为对臣服的承认或作为求得保护与安全的代价〔lifestyle〕As such, the word has won the occasionally grudging acceptance of the Usage Panel.Fifty-three percent of the Panelists accepts the word in the sentenceBohemian attitudes toward conventional society have been outstripped and outdated by the lifestyles of millions of young people, and fully 70 percent accepts the word in the sentenceSalaries in the Bay Area may be higher, but it may cost employees as much as 30 percent more to maintain their lifestyles, where the economic context makes more apparent the need for a word that denotes categories based on consumption practices.基于这些，这个词获得了用法委员会偶尔略显勉强的承认。53%的专家小组成员接受这个词在句子千百万年轻人的生活方式超越了对于传统社会的放荡不羁的态度，并使之过时 中的用法， 70%的专家小组成员接受其在句子旧金山湾地区的薪水可能高一些，但员工们需要多于30%的薪水来维持其生活 中的使用。 在这里，简练的语境明显地需要一个基于消费习惯的表示分类的词〔Adwa〕A town of northern Ethiopia south of Asmara. Emperor Menelik II decisively defeated the Italians here in 1896 to secure recognition of Ethiopia's independence. Population, 21,107.埃德华：埃塞俄比亚北部一城镇，位于阿斯马拉的南部，1896年迈拿里克皇帝二世在此决定性地击败了意大利人，从而保障了对埃塞俄比亚独立的承认。人口21,107〔dame〕A woman holding a nonhereditary title conferred by a sovereign in recognition of personal merit or service to the country.夫人，女士：出于对国家的个人功绩或贡献的承认，而由最高统治者授予非世袭头衔的妇女〔Cook〕American physician and Arctic explorer who announced that he had reached the North Pole in 1908, a claim that was rejected by the scientific community.库克，弗雷德里克·阿尔贝特：(1865-1940) 美国医生和北极探险家，曾于1908年宣布已达到北极，但未获科学界的承认〔reach〕achieved international recognition.获得国际上的承认。〔black〕Use of the capitalized form has the advantage of acknowledging the parallel with other ethnic groups and nationalities,such asItalian and Sioux. It can be argued thatblack is different from these other terms because it was derived from an adjective rather than from a proper name.However, a precedent exists for the capitalization of adjectives used to denote specific groups,as in theReds and the Whites (of the Russian Civil War) or the Greens (the European political party). The capitalization ofBlack does raise ancillary problems for the treatment of the term white. Orthographic evenhandedness would seem to require the use of the uppercase formWhite, but this form might be taken to imply that whites constitute a single ethnic group,an issue that is certainly debatable.On the other hand, the use of the lowercase formwhite in the same context as the uppercase form Black will obviously raise questions as to how and why the writer has distinguished between the two groups.There is no entirely happy solution to this problem.In all likelihood, uncertainty as to the mode of styling ofwhite has dissuaded many publications from adopting the capitalized form Black. See Usage Note at color 大写字母的好处在于对于其他种族和民族平等关系的承认，如意大利人 和 苏人。 有人可以争辩说black 与其他词不同， 因为他是由一个形容词而不是专有名词派生而成的。但是，大写形容词意指一组人已有前例，如Reds 和 Whites （俄国内战中）或 Greens （欧洲政党）。 大写的Black 确实引起了该如何对待 White 一词的有关问题。 正字法的公正要求使用White 的大写形式White， 但这种形式可能被认为暗示白人组成了单独的种族，这是会引起争论的问题。另一方面，在有black 大写形式White出现的相同语境中使用 White 的小写形式white， 显然会引起如何及为什么作者要对这两组人区别对待的问题。这一问题尚无令人满意的解决办法。White 书写方式的不确定性很可能已经使许多出版物不再采用大写形式的 Black 参见 color〔shakedown〕In 1969 a majority of the members of theAmerican Heritage Dictionary Usage Panel felt that the noun shakedown in the sense "extortion" and the related phrasal verb shake down were acceptable in writing, though both are now labeledslang. It would seem that certain usages take a while to attain respectability because of the company they keep.Shake and the verb phrase shake out of already meant "to steal" in Middle English. This usage ofshake is still found in the 19th and 20th centuries. Bothshake and shake out of in the sense "to steal" are clearly related to shake down, which is first recorded in 1872, shake down being glossed "to extort money from individuals.” This is a slang usage,probably occurring, as had the verbshake, largely in contexts having to do with criminal or corrupt behavior. As our Panel realized,the verb and the later nounshakedown (first recorded in 1902 in the United States) have now moved from the lingo of criminals, loan sharks, and politicians into wider currency. 1969年，大多数美国经典辞书 用法研究小组的成员认为名词 shakedown （意为“敲诈”）及相关的短语动词 shake down 在写作中是可接受的， 虽然现在两者均被标以俚语。 与之有关的意义似乎有些用法需要一些时间来获得社会的承认。在中世纪英语中，Shake 和 shake out of 已经意味着“偷盗” 。 shake 的这种用法仍见于19世纪和20世纪。 Shake 及 shake out of （意为“偷盗”）明显与 shake down （首次记载于1872年）有所联系。 shake down 被解释为“从个人处敲诈金钱”。 这是俚语用法，很可能如动词shake 一样，大量用于与犯罪或腐败行为有关的语境中。 正如我们的用法研究小组所意识到的，该动词及后来的名词shakedown （在美国最早记载于1902年）已从罪犯、高利贷者及政客的语汇发展到更广泛的使用领域 〔distinction〕Recognition of achievement or superiority; honor:荣誉，荣耀：对成就或优等的承认；荣誉：〔assert〕Avow implies frank and open acknowledgment or admission: Avow 含有坦诚的，坦率的承认或确认： 〔unwitting〕an unwitting admission of guilt.无意间对所犯罪过的承认 |
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