| 单词 | 的根源 |
| 释义 | 〔bane〕A cause of death, destruction, or ruin:祸根：死亡、破坏或毁灭的根源：〔nag〕To be a constant source of anxiety or annoyance:困扰，焦虑：成为长期不安或烦恼的根源：〔canker〕A source of spreading corruption or decay.腐败的原因：传布腐败或腐朽的根源〔root〕A primary source; an origin.See Synonyms at origin 最初的根源；源头 参见 origin〔pilot〕The pilot of an aircraft flying through the air has a foot on the ground not literallybut etymologically.If we poke around in the etymological soil for the roots of the wordpilot, we find that it goes back to the Indo-European rootped-, meaning "foot.” From the lengthened-grade suffixed formpēdo- came the Greek word pēdon, "blade of an oar,” and in the plural, "rudder.” In Medieval Greekthere is assumed to have existed the derivativepēdōtēs, "steersman,” which passed into Old Italian and acquired several forms,includingpedota, and pilota, the form that was borrowed into Old French aspilot. English borrowed the word from French,and aspilot it has moved from the water to the air, first being recorded in 1848 with reference to an airborne pilot—a balloonist.飞行员一脚踩地飞进天空这句话字面上虽讲不通，但在词源上却可以。如果为找到pilot 的根源而溯其词源， 我们会发现它源自印欧语系词根ped- 意为“脚”。 从加长的这个词根的后缀形式pedo- 我们得到希腊词语 pedon “桨叶”及复数形式，“舵”。 在中世纪的希腊，据称曾存在派生词pedotes “舵手”， 该词进了古意大利语并添了一些形式，包括pedota 和 pilota ， 这些形式被法语借用过来，便成了pilot 。 英语又借自法语，随着pilot 从水上被移用到天上， 于1848年第一次用来指天上飞行员——热气球驾驶员〔put〕To have to endure (something unpleasant) without complaining or take the action necessary to remove the source of the unpleasantry.要就辩护要就闭嘴：不得不毫无怨言地忍受（不愉快的事情）或采取必要的行动来转移不愉快事件的根源〔curse〕A source or cause of evil; a scourge:祸根：灾祸的来源或原因；苦难的根源：〔origin〕"Lack of money is the root of all evil" (George Bernard Shaw). “缺钱是所有罪恶的根源” （乔治·萧伯纳）。 〔eta〕Greek ēta [of Phoenician origin] ; akin to Hebrew ḥēt [heth] 希腊语 ēta [具有腓尼基语的根源] ；类似于 希伯来语 ḥēt [希伯来文的第八个字母] 〔escape〕 Avoid always involves an effort to keep away from what is considered to be a source of danger or difficulty: Avoid 经常与逃离被认为是困难和危险的根源而做出的努力有关： 〔scourge〕A source of widespread, dreadful affliction and devastation such as that caused by pestilence or war.灾难，灾祸：涉及面广的令人害怕的苦难和破坏的根源，例如由瘟疫或战争引起的〔spawn〕The source of something; a germ or seed.事物的根源、胚芽或种〔daylight〕finally began to see daylight concerning the root of the problem.终于开始理解关于这个问题的根源〔id〕In Freudian theory, the division of the psyche that is totally unconscious and serves as the source of instinctual impulses and demands for immediate satisfaction of primitive needs.私我，本我：在弗洛伊德理论中，完全处于无意识中的心理状态，它是产生本能冲动和要求直接满足原始欲望的根源〔abolish〕Extirpate suggests effective destruction by removing roots or entrenched causes: Extirpate 指用除去根或其他稳固的根源进行有效的破坏： 〔parent〕Despair is the parent of rebellion.走投无路是反抗的根源〔issue〕suspicions that were the issue of a deranged mind.被扰乱的情绪是疑心的根源〔Platonic〕Plato did not invent the term or the concept that bears his name,but he did see sexual desire as the germ for higher loves.Marsilio Ficino, a Renaissance follower of Plato,used the termsamor socraticus and amor platonicus interchangeably for a love between two human beings that was preparatory for the love of God. From Ficino's usagePlatonic (already present in English as an adjective to describe what related to Platoand first recorded in 1533) came to be used for a spiritual love between persons of opposite sexes.In our own centuryPlatonic has been used of relationships between members of the same sex. Though the concept is an elevated one,the term has perhaps more often been applied in waysthat led Samuel Richardson to have one of his characters inPamela say, "I am convinced, and always was, that Platonic love is Platonic nonsense.”柏拉图并没有发明带有他名字的术语或概念，但他的确将性欲看作更高层次爱的根源。文艺复兴时期柏拉图的信徒马尔西利奥·菲奇诺，交替地使用术语amor socraticus 和 amor platonicus 表示为上帝之爱准备的两个人之间的爱。 按照菲奇诺的用法Platonic （已作为一个形容词在英语中出现， 描述与柏拉图有关的事物，首次记录于1533年）逐渐被用来指异性之间的精神恋爱。在我们这个世纪,Platonic 已用于指同性伙伴之间的关系。 尽管这个词的概念是高尚的，但这个术语可能被更多地应用于一些方式，其导致塞缪尔·理查森让他的小说帕美勒 中的人物说： “我确信，而且一直确信，柏拉图式的恋爱是柏拉图的胡言乱语”〔Reich〕Austrian psychoanalyst who theorized that sexual repression is the source of many psychological and social problems.赖希，威廉：(1897-1957) 奥地利心理分析家，他的理论认为性压抑是许多心理问题和社会问题的根源〔mirth〕Her escapades were a subject of merriment in the sorority house.在女生联谊会中，她的恶作剧总是欢乐的根源。〔grief〕A source of deep mental anguish.悲痛的缘由：精神极度痛苦的根源〔blame〕Being the cause or source of something:起因是：是…起因或某事的根源的：〔bane〕"Obedience,/Bane of all genius, virtue, freedom, truth,/Makes slaves of men"(Percy Bysshe Shelley)“顺从——那毁灭所有智慧、美德、自由、真理的根源，使人们沦为奴隶”(珀西·比希·雪莱)〔Ryle〕British philosopher who regarded the linguistic misrepresentation of mental concepts as the root of philosophical problems and challenged Cartesian dualism inThe Concept of Mind (1949). 赖尔，吉尔伯特：(1900-1976) 英国哲学家，认为用语言错误地表达精神上的概念是哲学问题的根源，他在《精神概念》 （1949年）一书中对笛卡尔的二元论提出了挑战 〔theater〕Those who have theories about the theater are no doubt quite observant,at least the etymology of the word leads one to think so.The wordstheory and theater are related in ancestry if we look back to the Greek sources of our words. The Greek ancestor oftheater is theatron, "a place for seeing, especially for dramatic representation, theater.” Theatron is derived quite logically from the verb theasthai, "to gaze at, contemplate, view as spectators, especially in the theater,” fromthea, "a viewing.” The Greek ancestor oftheory is theōria, which meant among other things"the sending oftheōroi (state ambassadors sent to consult oracles or attend games),” "the act of being a spectator at the theater or games,” "viewing,” "contemplation by the mind,” and "theory or speculation.” The source oftheōria, theōros, "an envoy sent to consult an oracle, spectator,” is a compound of thea, "viewing,” and -oros, "seeing.” Thus, viewing is at the root of a theory and the theater.有戏剧理论的人无疑是相当善于观察的，至少这个词的词源学让我们这么想。如果我们追溯它们的希腊词源，单词theory 和 theater 的起源相关。 theater 的希腊语前身是 theatron （“尤指看喜剧表演的地方，剧院”）。 theatreon 相当符合逻辑地来自动词 theasthai （“盯着，注视，观看，尤指在剧院作为观众”）， 来自thea, “观看”。 theory 的希腊语前身是 theoria ， 其意义介于其它几件事物之间，它们是“派遣theoroi （派出咨询神谕或参加竟技会的政府使节）”“在剧院或竞技会上作为观众的行为”，“观看”，“专心注视”，和“看法和推测”。 theoria,theoros （“派出咨询神谕的使节；观众”）是 thea （“观看”）和 -oros （“看见”）的复合词。 这样，观看是theory（理论）和theater（剧院）的根源〔Gauguin〕French artist whose paintings are characterized by simplified forms and brilliant colors and are partially responsible for the significance of primitivism in modern art.高更，（尤金·亨利）保罗：(1848-1903) 法国画家，其画以线条简单、色彩艳丽为特征，这些画成为现代艺术后期印象派的根源〔refuge〕A source of help, relief, or comfort in times of trouble.See Synonyms at shelter 给予庇护者：在危难中提供帮助、解救或安慰的根源 参见 shelter〔breeder〕social injustice—a breeder of revolutions.社会不公正──革命的根源 |
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