| 单词 | 的遗传 |
| 释义 | 〔Morgan〕American biologist. He won a 1933 Nobel Prize for discoveries concerning the hereditary function of chromosomes.摩根，托马斯·亨特：(1866-1945) 美国生物学家，因其发现有关染色体的遗传功能而荣获1933年诺贝尔奖〔genetics〕(used with a sing. verb)The branch of biology that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and the variation of inherited characteristics among similar or related organisms.（与单数动词连用）遗传学：研究遗传的生物学分支，尤其是遗传性的遗传机能和相似或相关有机体间非遗传特征的变化〔episome〕A genetic particle of certain cells, especially bacterial cells, that can exist either autonomously in the cytoplasm or as part of a chromosome.附加体，游离体：某些细胞的遗传粒子，尤其是细菌细胞， 能够自动存在于胞质中或成为染色体的一部分〔Lamarckism〕A theory of biological evolution holding that species evolve by the inheritance of traits acquired or modified through the use or disuse of body parts.拉马克主义：一种生物进化理论，它认为物种的进化是通过因为使用或弃用某些身体部位而获得或改变了的特点的遗传来完成的〔primitive〕Being little evolved from an early ancestral type.初民的：不从早期的遗传类型进化的〔Bateson〕British biologist who was one of the founders of the science of genetics. He experimentally proved Gregor Mendel's theories on heredity and published the first English translation of Mendel's work in 1900.贝特森，威廉：(1861-1926) 英国生物学家，遗传学创始人之一。他以实验证明了孟德尔的遗传原理。并于1900年出版了孟德尔著作最早的英译本〔zygosity〕The genetic condition of a zygote, especially with respect to its being a homozygote or a heterozygote.接合性：合子的遗传条件，尤其与它成为纯合体或杂合体有关〔Darwin〕British naturalist who revolutionized the study of biology with his theory of evolution based on natural selection. His most famous works includeOrigin of Species (1859) and The Descent of Man (1871). 达尔文，查尔斯·罗伯特：(1809-1882) 英国自然学家，以自然选择为基础的进化论学说彻底改革了生物学的研究。他最著名的著作包括《物种起源》 （1859年）和 《人类的遗传》 （1871年） 〔hemochromatosis〕A hereditary disorder affecting iron metabolism in which excessive amounts of iron accumulate in the body tissues. The disorder is characterized by diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, and a bronze pigmentation of the skin.血色素沉着（症），血色病：一种影响铁的新陈代谢的遗传性疾病，大量多余的铁淤积在体内组织中。此疾病的特征是糖尿病、肝机能障碍及皮肤黄褐色色素沉着〔biparental〕biparental inheritance.来自父母双方的遗传〔prediabetes〕The condition of having a hereditary tendency or high probability for developing diabetes mellitus, although neither symptoms nor test results confirm the presence of the disease.前驱糖尿病：有发展成糖尿病的遗传趋势或很大可能性的状况，尽管没有任何症状或检查结果来证明疾病的存在〔plasmagene〕A self-replicating hereditary structure thought to exist in cytoplasm and function in a manner analogous to, but independent of, chromosomal genes.细胞质基因：被认为存在在细胞质中，活动方式类似于染色体基因但独立于它的能自我复制的遗传结构〔pangenesis〕A theory of heredity proposed by Charles Darwin in which gemmules containing hereditary information from every part of the body coalesce in the gonads and are incorporated into the reproductive cells.泛生论：查理斯·达尔文提出的遗传理论，阐述了含有来自身体每部分的遗传信息的胚芽在卵巢中的结合并组成生殖细胞〔thalassemia〕An inherited form of anemia occurring chiefly among people of Mediterranean descent, caused by faulty synthesis of part of the hemoglobin molecule.地中海贫血：主要发生于地中海后裔中的遗传性贫血，由血红蛋白分子部分错误合成引起 |
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