| 单词 | 皇室 |
| 释义 | 〔Burke〕Irish-born British politician and writer. Famous for his oratory, he pleaded the cause of the American colonists in Parliament and was instrumental in developing the notions of party responsibility and a loyal opposition within the parliamentary system. His major work,Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), voices his opposition to the excesses of the French experience. 伯克，埃德蒙：(1729-1797) 爱尔兰裔的英国政治家和作家。以其演讲而著名，他为国会中的美国殖民者辩护，并且发展了政党责任这一名词的解释，并在国会中与皇室对立。主要作品《关于法国革命的感想》 （1790年），表达了他对法国经历的暴行的反对立场 〔Hapsburg〕A royal German family that supplied rulers to a number of European states from the late Middle Ages until the 20th century. The Hapsburgs reached the height of their power under Charles V of Spain. When Charles abdicated (1558), the empire was divided between the Spanish and Austrian lines. The Spanish branch ceased to rule after 1700 and the Austrian branch after 1918.哈布斯堡家族：一个自中世纪中期至二十世纪为欧洲国家提供领导者的德国皇室家族，哈布斯堡家族在西班牙的查理五世之下其权力达到鼎盛，当查理退位时（1558年），帝国分裂为西班牙及奥地利两系，西班牙分支于1700年终止其统治，然而奥地利分支则于1918年之后方终止其统治〔court〕The retinue of a sovereign, including the royal family and personal servants, advisers, and ministers.朝廷，朝臣，侍臣：国王的侍从，包括皇室家庭和私人仆人、参谋和部长〔minstrel〕from Late Latin ministeriālis [official in the imperial household] 源自 后期拉丁语 ministeriālis [在皇室中的官员] 〔Hapsburg〕A royal German family that supplied rulers to a number of European states from the late Middle Ages until the 20th century. The Hapsburgs reached the height of their power under Charles V of Spain. When Charles abdicated (1558), the empire was divided between the Spanish and Austrian lines. The Spanish branch ceased to rule after 1700 and the Austrian branch after 1918.哈普斯堡皇室：一个德意志皇室家族，其成员曾于中世纪后期到20世纪这一段时期内分别在欧洲各国任统治者，在西班牙国王查理五世统治期间达到其鼎盛时期。查理于1558年退位之后，帝国被西班牙和奥地利瓜分，西班牙的统治结束于1700年，而奥地利于1918年以后停止了统治〔Baxter〕English noncomformist clergyman and writer who served as chaplin for Cromwell's army (1645-1647) and after the Restoration in the service of Charles II (1660-1662).巴克斯特，理查德：(1615-1691) 英国基督教清教徒牧师、作家，他在1645年到1647年间任克伦威尔的随军牧师，在理查二世王政复辟后，于1660年到1662年期间为皇室服务〔purple〕Royal or imperial; regal.贵族或皇室的；帝王的〔fool〕A member of a royal or noble household who provided entertainment, as with jokes or antics; a jester.弄臣，宫廷小丑：一些皇室或贵族家庭成员，他们提供娱乐如讲笑话或表演滑稽动作；小丑〔Hainaut〕A historical region of southwest Belgium and northern France. It originated in the ninth century and was later joined, through royal marriages, with Flanders and Holland. Parts of Hainaut were annexed by France in the 1600's.埃诺：历史上位于比利时西南部和法国北部的一个地区。形成于公元9世纪，后通过皇室通婚与佛兰德以及荷兰合并，在17世纪这个地区的一部分为法国所吞并〔Gardiner〕English bishop who defended royal supremacy over the church during the Reformation.加德纳，斯蒂芬：(1483?-1555) 英国大主教，在改革期间曾主张皇室权力应凌驾于教会之上〔Dom〕Used formerly as a title for men of Portuguese and Brazilian royalty, aristocracy, and hierarchy, preceding the given name.老爷：用在教名前，旧时表示对葡萄牙和巴西皇室、贵族、宗教集团人物的尊称〔banish〕When the government was overthrown, the royal family was exiled.政府被推翻后，皇室遭到驱逐。〔house〕Often House A family line including ancestors and descendants, especially a royal or noble family: 常作 House 家系，血统：尤指皇室或贵族家系，包括祖先及后代：〔Champlain〕French explorer who founded Port Royal, now Annapolis Royal, in Nova Scotia (1605) and established a settlement (1608) on the site of present-day Quebec.尚普兰，塞缪尔·德：(1567?-1635) 法国探险家，建立皇室港即现在新斯科舍省（1605）的皇属安纳波利斯，并于1608年在今魁北克省建立殖民地〔hall〕Thehalls of academe and city hall remind us that what we commonly mean by the wordhall, "a passageway, an entrance room,” represents a shrunken version of whathall once commonly designated. Going back to the Indo-European rootkel- 1, "to cover,” the Old English wordheall, ancestor of our hall, referred to "a large place covered by a roof, whether a royal residence, an official building, or a large private residence, or a large room in a residencewhere the public life of the household is carried on.”These senses and related ones are still in use,as is attested bytown hall and halls of academe. Our common use of the termhall for a vestibule or a corridor harks back to medieval times when the hall was the main public room of a residenceand people lived much less privately than now.As private rooms in houses took on the importance they have today,the hall lost its function.Hall also had come to mean any large room, and the vestibule was at one time one of the main sitting rooms in a house,but this sort of room has largely disappeared also,andhall has become the designation for the small vestibule of today as well as for an entrance passage or any passageway.halls of academe 以及 city hall 提醒我们注意： 我们通常把hall 这个词定义为“走廊，门厅”， 反映出hall 这词当初设定时的通常含义的种种痕迹。 追溯到该词的印欧语词根kel- 1， 意思是“去覆盖”， 我们hall 这个词的来源是古英语中 heall 这个词， 它指的是“一个有屋顶覆盖的大地方或者属于皇室住宅、政府建筑或是一座大的私人府第或者是一所住宅中的大房子，主人在其中进行社交活动”。这些概念或与之相关的意思直到今天还有，比如说town hall 和 halls of academe 。 我们现在一般所用的，把hall 当作门厅或走廊的用法可以追溯到中世纪， 那时大厅是居住者的最主要的起居室，人们生活还没有今天这么隐私化，于今日个人房间在生活中占主要地位，大厅失去了它当年的功用。Hall 还曾意味着大房间， 而门厅在过去一段时间内曾是房屋中主要的一处起居室，但这样的房子大部分也都消失了，而hall 的意思已经变成指那些当今小的走廊， 或者是进出口处的走廊，或者是随便哪个走廊〔yeoman〕An attendant, a servant, or a lesser official in a royal or noble household.侍从，仆人：皇室或贵族家庭中的随从、仆人或低级军官〔royalty〕Royal quality or bearing.堂皇，高贵：皇室品质或举止〔taille〕A form of direct royal taxation that was levied in France before 1789 on nonprivileged subjects and lands and tended to weigh most heavily on the peasants.租税：法国在1789年以前向没有特权的臣民和土地征收的直接上交皇室的一种税种，该税收形式的负担主要落在了农民身上〔Franco〕Spanish soldier and political leader who directed the Nationalist government and rebel armed forces that defeated the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). He ruled as dictator (1939-1975) until his death, upon which the Bourbon monarchy was restored.佛朗哥，弗朗西斯科：(1892-1975) 西班牙军人和政治领袖，领导民族主义政府在反对西班牙内战中(1936-1939年）击退共和党员的武装力量。他在（1939-1975年）年期间以独裁者姿态统治直到死，其后波旁皇室君主政体复位〔Amaterasu〕The central Shinto deity, a sun goddess believed to be the ancestor of the Japanese royal family.天照大神：神道教最重要的神，即太阳女神，被认为是日本皇室家族的祖先〔Thebes〕An ancient city of Upper Egypt on the Nile River in present-day central Egypt. It flourished from the mid-22nd to the 18th centuryb.c. as a royal residence and a religious center for the worship of Amen. Its archaeological remains include many splendid temples and the tomb of Tutankhamen in the nearby Valley of the Kings. 底比斯：上埃及古城，濒临尼罗河，位于今埃及中部。曾为皇室居地和亚扪神膜拜的宗教中心，从公元前 22世纪中期到公元前18世纪曾繁荣一时。建筑遗迹包括许多辉煌的神殿和国王谷附近的杜唐卡蒙陵墓 〔purple〕Cloth of a color between violet and red, formerly worn as a symbol of royalty or high office.紫红色衣服：颜色介于紫色与红色之间的衣服，曾表示穿着者是皇室或高官的象征 |
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