| 单词 | 皇帝 |
| 释义 | 〔Tusculum〕A city of ancient Latium southeast of modern-day Rome, Italy. Pliny the Younger, Cicero, and the emperors Nero and Titus were among the prominent Romans who built villas here.塔斯库勒姆：古代拉丁姆的一个城市，位于今天意大利的罗马东南。小普林尼、奇切罗及皇帝尼禄和蒂图斯是曾在这里建造别墅的人中最显要的几个〔Magadha〕An ancient kingdom of northeast India. It was especially powerful from the fourth centuryb.c. to the fifth century a.d. , particularly under the emperor Asoka (third century b.c. ). 摩揭陀：印度东北部的一个古国。它在公元前 4世纪到 公元 5世纪尤为强盛，特别是在皇帝阿育王统治时期( 公元 前3世纪） 〔nimbus〕A radiant light that appears usually in the form of a circle or halo about or over the head in the representation of a god, demigod, saint, or sacred person such as a king or an emperor.光轮：常以环状或晕出现的光轮，在艺术作品中环绕在神、半神半人、圣徒或圣人如国王或皇帝的头上〔William〕German crown prince. The son of Emperor William II, he commanded troops in the Battle of Verdun (1916) and renounced the crown at the close of World War I.威廉：德国王储，威廉二世皇帝的儿子。曾在凡尔登战役中指挥作战(1916年），第一次世界大战结束时放弃皇位〔Decius〕Emperor of Rome (249-251) who was proclaimed emperor by his soldiers against his will. His reign was marked by severe persecution of Christians.德西乌斯：罗马帝国皇帝(249-251年），由部下拥立称帝。在位期间残酷迫害基督教徒〔Robeson〕American singer and actor who played the lead roles inOthello and in Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones and sang "Ol' Man River" in Showboat . He was an outspoken critic of racism and a supporter of socialism. 罗伯逊，保罗·布斯迪尔：(1898-1976) 美国歌唱家和演员，他在《奥赛罗》 和尤金·奥尼尔的 《琼斯皇帝》 中扮演主角及在 《演艺船》 中演唱“老人河”一歌，他是公开批评种族主义的人，也是社会主义的支持者 〔Wenceslaus〕Holy Roman emperor and king of Germany (1378-1400) and Bohemia (1378-1419). He was deposed as emperor and king by the German electors.文西斯劳斯：神圣罗马帝国皇帝、德意志国王(1378-1400年）和波希米亚国王(1398-1419年）。他被德意志选民们赶下了皇帝与国王的宝座〔Padishah〕Used formerly as a title for the monarch of Iran.国王，皇帝：伊朗国王的以前正式称谓〔Lombardy〕A region of northern Italy bordering on Switzerland. First inhabited by a Gallic people, it became the center of the kingdom of the Lombards in the sixth centurya.d. and part of Charlemagne's empire in 774. The Lombard League of cities defeated Emperor Frederick I in 1176. 伦巴底：意大利北部的一个地区，与瑞士接壤。最早的居民是高卢人。公元 6世纪成为伦巴底人所建王国的中心，774年成为夏尔马聂帝国的一部分。1176年伦巴底城市联盟击败了弗雷德里克一世皇帝 〔Adwa〕A town of northern Ethiopia south of Asmara. Emperor Menelik II decisively defeated the Italians here in 1896 to secure recognition of Ethiopia's independence. Population, 21,107.埃德华：埃塞俄比亚北部一城镇，位于阿斯马拉的南部，1896年迈拿里克皇帝二世在此决定性地击败了意大利人，从而保障了对埃塞俄比亚独立的承认。人口21,107〔Heraclius〕Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (610-641) who captured Syria, Palestine, and Egypt from Persia (613-628) but lost them all to Moslem invaders (635-641).赫拉克利乌斯：拜占庭帝国的皇帝(610-641年），他从波斯手中夺取了叙利亚、巴勒斯坦和埃及(613-628年），但又被穆斯林侵略者夺走(635-641年）〔czar〕Also tsar or tzar [zär, tsär] A male monarch or emperor, especially one of the emperors who ruled Russia until the revolution of 1917. 也作 tsar 或 tzar [zär, tsär] 沙皇：男性君主或者皇帝，特别是1917年革命以前统治俄国的皇帝〔Sigismund〕Holy Roman emperor (1433-1437) and king of Hungary (1387-1437) and Bohemia (1419-1437). He helped end the Great Schism (1378-1417) by convening the Council of Constance (1414-1418).西吉斯蒙德：神圣罗马帝国皇帝（1433-1437年）、匈牙利国王（1387-1437年）和波希米亚国王（1419-1437年）。他召开康斯坦茨会议（1414-1418年）结束了教会的分裂（1378-1417年）〔Iturbide〕Mexican revolutionary leader who established Mexican independence from Spain (1821) and served as emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823, when he was overthrown by a liberal counterrevolution.伊图尔维德，奥古斯丁·德：(1783-1824) 墨西哥独立运动的领导人，他使墨西哥从西班牙统治中获得独立（1821年），从1822年到1823年自立为墨西哥的皇帝，后被一个自由主义的反革命组织推翻〔Negus〕Used formerly as a title for emperors of Ethiopia.对埃塞俄比亚皇帝的尊称〔Heliogabalus〕Emperor of Rome (218-222). A priest of Baal, he became emperor after the murder of his cousin Caracalla (217). His eccentricity and debauchery and the imposition of his religion on the Romans led to an insurrection in which he was killed.赫利奥盖巴勒斯：罗马皇帝(218-222年）。是太阳神教的牧师，在其堂兄卡拉卡拉(217年）被谋杀后登上皇帝宝座。其人性情古怪，淫逸堕落，把自己的宗教强加在罗马人民头上，后引发暴动并丧生其中〔restore〕restore the emperor to the throne.使皇帝重登王位〔palace〕from Palātium [Palatine Hill, Rome (from its being the site where emperors built their homes), imperial residence] 源自 帕拉蒂姆 [帕拉坦，希尔，罗马（自从它成为帝王们建造他们的家后）皇帝的居住地] 〔per〕prince , principal , principle , from Latin compound prīnceps , "he who takes first place,” leader, chief, emperor ( -ceps , “-taker"; see kap- ); prince , principal , principle , 源自 拉丁语 复合词 prīnceps , “占据第一位置的人,” 领导, 长官, 皇帝 ( -ceps , “拿…者”; 参见 kap-); 〔bigot〕A bigot may have more in common with God than one might think.Legend has it that Rollo, the first duke of Normandy, refused to kiss the foot of the French king Charles III,uttering the phrasebi got, his borrowing of the assumed Old English equivalent of our expressionby God. Although this story is almost certainly apocryphal,it is true thatbigot was used by the French as a term of abuse for the Normans, but not in a religious sense. Later, however, the word, or very possibly a homonym,was used abusively in French for the Beguines, members of a Roman Catholic lay sisterhood.From the 15th century on Old Frenchbigot meant "an excessively devoted or hypocritical person.” Bigot is first recorded in English in 1598 with the sense "a superstitious hypocrite.” 一个偏执的人往往比人们想象的更接近上帝。传说第一位诺曼底公爵罗洛拒绝亲吻法国皇帝查理三世的脚时，说了bi got 这个词， 他是借用了假设的古英语里的词。其相当于我们今天的by God （老天作证）这一用法。 尽管这个故事肯定不足为信，但bigot 一词是确实是法国人对诺曼底人的蔑称， 然而无宗教色彩。后来，这个词，很可能是同音异义词，在法语中用来蔑指女修道者──罗马天主教姐妹会成员。从15世纪起，在古法语中，bigot 一词意为“过分虔诚或伪善的人”。 Bigot 首次以英语记载是在1598年，其意为“迷信的伪君子。” 〔genro〕Any of a group of elder male politicians of Japan who were formerly advisers to the emperor.元老：日本的一群年长男政治家中的一员，从前是皇帝的顾问〔Kaiser〕Any of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire (962-1806), of Austria (1806-1918), or of Germany (1871-1918).皇帝：神圣罗马帝国皇帝（962-1806年），奥地利皇帝（1806-1918年），德国皇帝（1871-1918年）〔imperial〕Of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign, especially an emperor or empress:帝国的，皇帝的：帝国的或君主的、与帝国的或君主有关的、暗示帝国的或君主的，尤指皇帝的或女皇的：〔electorate〕The dignity or territory of an elector of the Holy Roman Empire.选帝侯的身份或领地：德国有权参加选举神圣罗马帝国皇帝的王侯的身份或领地〔Valentine〕Roman Christian who according to tradition was martyred during the persecution of Christians by Emperor Claudius II. Another martyr named Valentine, who was bishop of Terni, a region in present-day central Italy, has also been suggested as the inspiration for our modern feast of Saint Valentine's Day.圣瓦伦丁：罗马基督教徒，据说他在皇帝克劳迪二世对基督教徒的审判中遇难，另一个叫圣瓦伦丁的遇难者是今天意大利中部地区的特尔尼的主教，他也被认为是我们当代圣瓦伦丁节日宴会的启示者〔czar〕from Latin Caesar [emperor] * see caesar 源自 拉丁语 Caesar [皇帝] * 参见 caesar〔elector〕One of the German princes of the Holy Roman Empire entitled to elect the emperor.选帝侯：有权参加选举神圣罗马帝国皇帝的日耳曼王侯〔Qianlong〕Chinese emperor (1735-1796) of the Qing dynasty who subdued the Turkish and Mongolian threats to northern China, expanded the empire, and was a patron of the arts.乾隆：中国清代皇帝(1735-1796年），他平息了土耳其和蒙古对中国北部的威胁，扩大了帝国，并是艺术的支持者〔Akbar〕Mongol emperor of India (1556-1605) who conquered most of northern India and exercised religious tolerance.阿克巴：印度莫卧儿帝国皇帝（1556-1605年），征服了印度北部大部分地区并推行宗教宽容政策〔Prussia〕A historical region and former kingdom of north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and Poland. Its ancient inhabitants, of Baltic stock, were conquered by the Teutonic Knights in the 13th century. West Prussia was ceded to Poland in 1466, and East Prussia became a Polish fief that passed to Brandenburg in 1618. The kingdom of Prussia was proclaimed in 1701 and was greatly expanded and fortified by Emperor Frederick II (reigned 1740-1786). Prussia was instrumental in the unification of Germany, and in 1871 its king was declared Emperor William I of Germany. The state became a republic in 1918 and was formally abolished after World War II.普鲁士：历史上欧洲中北部的一个地区和以前的一个王国，包括现在的德国北部和波兰，该地区古代的波罗的族居民在13世纪被条顿骑士团所征服，1466年西普鲁士并入波兰，东普鲁士成为波兰的一个附庸，后在1618年归属勃兰登堡，普鲁士王国于1701年正式成立，弗雷德里克二世皇帝(1740年-1786年）大大扩展和巩固了普鲁士帝国。普鲁士在德国统一中起了重要作用，1871年普鲁士国王成为德国皇帝威廉一世，1918年该国成为共和国，二次世界大战后被正式废除〔despot〕A Byzantine emperor or prince.君主：一个拜占庭帝国皇帝或王子〔Delhi〕A city of north-central India on the Jumna River. Important since ancient times, the old city was rebuilt by Shah Jahan in the 17th century with high stone walls enclosing the Red Fort that contained the imperial Mogul palace. The new part of Delhi became the capital of British India in 1912 and of independent India in 1947. Population, 4,884,234.德里：印度中部偏北一城市，临朱木拿河。自古以来该市就占重要地位。17世纪沙贾汗皇帝重建这座古城，用高高的石头墙围住包括蒙兀儿皇宫在内的红堡。德里的新建部分在1912年成为英属印度的首都，1947年成为独立了的印度的首都。人口4,884,234〔Agrippina〕Roman empress. She murdered her husband, the emperor Claudius, so that her son by a previous marriage, Nero, would become emperor. Nero, distrusting his mother, had her murdered.阿格丽品娜：罗马皇后。她谋杀了丈夫克劳狄皇帝，以便使她与前夫所生之子尼禄能成为皇帝。尼禄因为不信任她而将其杀害〔barbarism〕There is a significant difference in meaning betweenbarbarism and barbarity. Both denote some absence of civilization,but the wordcivilization itself has several different senses, one the opposite ofbarbarism, the other the opposite of barbarity. On the one handcivilization may refer to the scientific, artistic, and cultural attainments of advanced societies; and it is this sense that figures in the meaning ofbarbarism. The English wordbarbarism originally referred to incorrect use of language, but it is now used more generally to refer to ignorance or crudity in matters of taste, including verbal expression:The New Yorker would never tolerate such barbarisms. On the other hand,civilization may refer to the basic social order that allows people to resolve their differences peaceably, and it is this sense—that is, civilization as opposed to savagery—that figures in the meaning ofbarbarity, which refers to savage brutality or cruelty in actions,as inThe accounts of the emperor's barbarity shocked the world. 在barbarism 与 barbarity 之间意义有明显的区别。 虽然两者都包含不文明的意思，但civilization 一词本身有好几种意思， 一种与barbarism 相反，另一种与 barbarity 相反。 一方面civilization 可以指在发达社会中科学、艺术、文化方面取得的成就， 这层意义能在barbarism 中得到体现。 英语词barbarism 最先指语音不正确的使用， 现在却更多地用来指品味方面的无知与鄙俗，包括动词表示法，例如：这个 纽约人 从不会容忍这些低级趣味。 另一方面，civilization 还可以指允许人们和平地彼此同化的社会基本规则。 在这个意义上，“文明”作为“残暴”的反义词，在barbarity 中得以体现， 指残酷的暴行或行为方面的残忍，例如句子这个皇帝的暴行被报道之后震惊了全世界 〔Severus〕Emperor of Rome (193-211) who created a military monarchy and ruled as a despot.塞佛留斯，卢西乌斯·塞蒂穆斯：() 罗马(193-211年）皇帝，实施暴君统治并建立军事独裁〔pathetic〕"The emperor had been in a state of pitiable vacillation" (William Hickling Prescott).Sometimes the terms connote contemptuous pity,as for what is hopelessly inept or inadequate: “皇帝曾处于令人可怜的举棋不定状态” （威廉·希克林·普雷斯科特）。这两个词有时暗指轻蔑的同情，如令人绝望地无能或不合适的东西： 〔emperor〕Abbr. emp.The male ruler of an empire.缩写 emp.帝王，皇帝：帝国的男性统治者〔Padishah〕Used formerly as a title for the sultan of Turkey.国王，皇帝：土尔其君主的以前正式称谓〔internecine〕In the first edition of theAmerican Heritage Dictionary 91 percent of the Usage Panel approved the use ofinternecine relating to internal struggle within a nation or organization that did not necessarily imply fatal or destructive conflict.The objection that had been overcome for most of the Panel was thatinternecine should imply such destruction because it came from the Latin wordinternecīnus, a variant ofinternecīvus, "fought to the death, murderous,” ultimately derived fromnecāre, "to kill.” Inter- in this compound is simply an intensive, supplying the notion of "all the way to" in the sense "fought to the death.”Internecine in English, first recorded in 1663, indeed meant "deadly, destructive,”but Samuel Johnson, inserting the word in his dictionary of 1755,thought thatinter- meant "mutual" and so defined it as "endeavoring mutual destruction.”This definition set the word incorrectly on its present course,and wheninternecine was further extended simply to mean "relating to internal struggle,” the original error was compounded.However, the point is that the meaning of words can be changed by mistakes and that mistaken meanings adhere to words.Only an occasional etymologist points out that the emperor's new clothes are patched.在美国经典辞书 第一版中， 百分之九十一的用法专题使用小组成员赞同internecine 与一个国家或组织内部的斗争有关， 但并不一定是致命的或有破坏性的冲突。为大多数小组成员说服的反对意见为internecine 应该暗指这种破坏， 因为它来源于拉丁词internecinus ， 是internecivus 的变体，意为“战至死亡的，谋杀的”， 它最终来源于意为“杀害”的necare 。 在这个复合词中inter- 只是简单的一个强调成分， 在“战至死亡的”这个意义上加上“一直”这个概念。在英语中internecine 最早记载于1663年， 确实意味着“致死的，破坏性的”，但是塞缪尔·约翰逊在其1755年的字典中插入此词，认为inter- 意为“共同的”， 并且将它定义为“竭力造成共同破坏的”。这个定义造成此词今日用法的不准确，而且当internecine 更进一步被简单地引申为“关于内部斗争的”时， 其起源的错误就加重了。但是，重要的是词的意思被错误改变并且为错误意思所追随。只有偶尔的一个词源学家指出“皇帝的新衣服打满补丁”〔Maximilian〕Austrian archduke and emperor of Mexico (1864-1867). Appointed emperor by the French, who had recently captured Mexico, he lacked popular support and was captured and executed by Mexican republicans when France withdrew from the country under American pressure.马克西米连：奥地利大公和墨西哥皇帝(1864-1867年）。法国侵占墨西哥后，即委任马克西米连为墨西哥皇帝。他得不到公众支持，在法国迫于美国压力从墨西哥撤离后被墨西哥革命者逮捕并处死 |
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