| 单词 | 监狱 |
| 释义 | 〔turnkey〕The keeper of the keys in a prison; a jailer.监狱看守：掌管监狱钥匙的人，狱卒〔hulk〕Often hulks An old or unseaworthy ship used as a prison or warehouse. 常作 hulks 囚船，废船：用作监狱或仓库的旧船或无法航行的船〔Midlothian〕A region of southeast Scotland on the Firth of Forth surrounding Edinburgh. "The Heart of Midlothian" was a popular name for the former Tolbooth Prison in Edinburgh and was used by Sir Walter Scott as the title of his 1818 novel.中洛锡安郡：苏格兰东南部地区，位于环绕爱丁堡的福斯湾。“中洛锡安的心脏”为原爱丁堡托尔布斯监狱流传很广的名称，沃特·斯科特爵将该名称用作他1818年所写小说的名字〔tolbooth〕Middle English tolbothe [town hall containing customs offices and prison cells] 中古英语 tolbothe [包含海关办公室和监狱小房的市镇大厅] 〔Bothwell〕Scottish Protestant nobleman and third husband of Mary Queen of Scots, whose second husband, Lord Darnley, he murdered (1567). Acquitted of the crime, he wedded Mary and was soon forced into exile. He died while imprisoned in Denmark.波斯维尔：苏格兰新教贵族和苏格兰女王玛丽的第三任丈夫，他谋杀了玛丽的第二任丈夫达因利勋爵（1567年）。无罪开释后，他与玛丽结婚后不久被流放，在丹麦死于监狱中〔Osborne〕American prison reformer. As a member of the New York State Commission on Prison Reform (1913) and warden of Sing Sing state prison (1914-1916) he introduced a number of self-help programs for prisoners.奥斯本，托马斯·莫特：(1859-1926) 美国监狱改革家，纽约州监狱改革委员会的成员(1913年），并曾担任新心州立监狱的监狱长(1944-1916年），推行了许多犯人自助案〔ritual〕"Prison was a ritual—reenacted daily, year in, year out. Prisoners came and went; generations came and went; and yet the ritual endured"(William H. Hallahan)“监狱总是一成不变——每天都有新的角色扮演，今年进来，明年出去。犯人来了又走了；一代又一代人来了又走了；尽管法令是保持不变的”(威廉H.哈勒汉)〔imprison〕prison [prison] * see prison prison [监狱] * 参见 prison〔harden〕became seasoned to life in prison;对监狱的生活习以为常；〔commitment〕A court order authorizing consignment to a prison.监禁：法院命令，授权托付给监狱〔pen〕A penitentiary; a prison.重罪监狱；监狱〔jailbreak〕An escape from jail.越狱：从监狱中逃跑〔prison〕A place where persons convicted or accused of crimes are confined; a penitentiary or a jail.监狱，拘留所：监禁被指控或认定有罪的人的地方；拘留所或监狱〔limbo〕A state or place of confinement.监狱：监禁的状态或地方〔Oglethorpe〕English soldier, philanthropist, and colonizer. He secured a charter for the colony of Georgia (1732) as a refuge for unemployed debtors newly released from prison.奥格尔索普，詹姆斯·爱德华：(1696-1785) 英国将军，博爱主义者和殖民者。他曾获得使得乔治亚州殖民地(1732年）作为刚从监狱放出的失业债务人的避难所的特许状〔bound〕a high wall that bounded the prison yard; lives that were bounded by poverty.圈住监狱的高墙；为贫困所禁锢的生活〔Andersonville〕A village of southwest-central Georgia north-northeast of Americus. Its notorious Confederate prison, where more than 12,000 soldiers died during the Civil War, is now a national historic site.安德森维尔：位于乔治亚洲中部偏西南阿梅里克斯东北偏北的一个村庄。南北战争期间12,000多名士兵死在这里臭名昭著的邦联监狱里，现已成为国家历史遗址〔prison〕The wordprison has its origins not in the notions of what such a place is but rather in the notion of how one gets there. Prison can be traced back to the Latin word prēnsiō, "the action or power of making an arrest.” This in turn is derived from the verbprehendere or prendere, which meant "to take hold of, take into custody, arrest.”Prēnsiō then dives into the obscurity of the time when Romance languages such as French were being formed from Vulgar Latin and resurfaces in the Old French of the 12th century with the formprison and the senses "capture" and "place of imprisonment.”This new sense could have already been developed in Latinand not been recorded,but we have to wait until the 12th century to see it,the sense "captivity" being added in the same century.From Old French as well as the Medieval Latin wordpriso, "prison,” derived from Old French, came our Middle English word prisoun, first recorded in a work written before 1121in the sense "imprisonment.”The sense "place of imprisonment" is recorded shortly afterward in a text copied down before 1225but perhaps actually written in the Old English period before the Norman Conquest.Prison 这个单词的来源不在于它是一个什么样的地方而在于一个人是怎么进去的。 Prison 可追溯到意思是“进行逮捕的行动或力量”的拉丁词 prensio。 这个词也是从动词prehendere 或 prendere 派生出来的， 意思是“捉住，逮捕，拘留。”Prensio 这个词在罗马语系中的语言（如法语）逐渐从通俗拉丁语形成时被人们忘却了， 12世纪又以prison 的形式在古法语中重新露面， 其含义是“捉住”和“囚禁人的地方。”这个新的含义很可能在拉丁语中已得到了发展，只是没有被记录下来，但是我们直到12世纪才看到它，在同一世纪“囚禁，俘虏”的意思被加了进去。从古法语、同时也是从源于古法语的中世纪拉丁语词priso “监狱，监禁”中产生了中古英语单词 prison， 这个词最早的记录是在一部著于1121年的作品中，意思是“监禁，拘留。”“监禁或囚禁的地方”这层意思在稍后出现的、在1225年以前被抄录下来的一篇文章中出现，但可能实际写作的时间是在诺曼征服之前的古英语时期〔lockdown〕The confinement of prison inmates to their cells as a security measure following a disturbance in the prison.一级防范禁闭：监狱发生骚乱后，将同监犯人关押在其监所中的安全措施〔hock〕Probably from Dutch hok [prison] 可能源自 荷兰语 hok [监狱] 〔punish〕Regulations formerly permitted prison wardens to correct unruly inmates.规章制度从前曾允许监狱的典狱长惩罚不守规矩的犯人。〔brig〕A jail or prison on board a U.S. Navy or Coast Guard vessel.禁闭室：美国海军或海岸警卫队舰船上的监禁室或监狱〔penitentiary〕A prison for those convicted of major crimes.重罪监狱：一种为重大犯罪者所设的监狱〔tolbooth〕A prison; a jail.监狱；关犯人的地方〔Walpole〕A town of eastern Massachusetts southwest of Boston. Settled in 1659, it is a manufacturing center and the site of a large state prison. Population, 20,212.沃尔波尔：美国马萨诸塞东部城镇，位于波士顿西南。开发于1659年，为一制造工业中心，州的一个大监狱所在地。人口20,212〔talk〕prison talk.监狱里犯人间用的隐语〔Salisbury〕A city of central North Carolina south-southwest of Winston-Salem. During the Civil War the city was the site of one of the largest Confederate prisons. Population, 23,087.索尔兹伯：美国北卡罗来纳州中部一城市，位于温斯顿——塞勒姆西南偏南，内战时期此城市是南方邦联最大的监狱所在地。人口23,087〔brig〕A jail or guardhouse, especially on the premises of a U.S. military installation.监狱或警卫室：监狱或警卫室，尤指设在美国军事基地的〔disgrace〕suffered the ignominy of being sent to prison.忍受着被送入监狱的羞耻行为的煎熬。〔correct〕"Let us reform our schools, and we shall find little reform needed in our prisons" (John Ruskin). “我们来改善学校吧，那样监狱几乎就不需要改善了” （约翰·罗斯金）。 〔furlough〕A leave of absence from prison granted to a prisoner.（犯人的）出狱假：准许犯人离开监狱的假期〔cart〕carted the whole gang off to jail.把整队歹徒押到监狱〔etiolate〕a face that was etiolated from years in prison.因多年监狱生活而变得苍白衰弱的脸〔brig〕[Senses 2 and 3, from the use of ships as prisons] [释义二和释义三来源于用作监狱的船只] 〔send〕To send to jail:判刑：送入监狱：〔Cash〕American country and western singer and songwriter best known for his songs about poverty and the downtrodden, including "Folsom Prison Blues" (1969).克许，约翰：美国乡村及西部歌手及作曲家，以其表现贫穷及压抑的歌曲而为人所熟知，作品包括《佛尔萨姆监狱蓝调》(1969年)〔jail〕Detention in a jail.拘禁：监狱中的置留〔cage〕A barred room or fenced enclosure for confining prisoners.监狱：一个关住的房间或用栅栏围住的围墙，用于限制犯人的活动〔commitment〕Official consignment, as to a prison or mental health facility.官方拘留：官方的授权，给监狱或心理健康机构〔Fry〕British philanthropist who promoted prison reforms, particularly for women inmates.弗赖依，伊丽莎白·格尼：(1780-1845) 英国慈善家。曾提出监狱改革，尤其针对女囚监狱 |
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