| 单词 | 相关联 |
| 释义 | 〔reciprocal〕Something that is reciprocal to something else.相互，互惠：与其他事物相对等、相关联的事物〔Bantu〕A member of any of a large number of linguistically related peoples of central and southern Africa.班图人：语言上相关联的中部和南部非洲的大量群族中的任何一员〔any〕 This usage is entirely acceptable.The related use ofany to modify a verb is considered informal. In writing, one should avoid sentences likeIt didn't hurt any or If the child cries any, give her the bottle. See Usage Note at every ,he 1这种用法完全可以被接受。相关联的用法，即用any 来修饰动词则被认为是非正式的。 在书面语中，应该避免这样的句子It didn't hurt any.（他一点儿也没受伤） 或 If the child cries any, give her the bottle.（如果孩子再哭，就给她奶瓶。） 参见 every,he1〔pleasure〕 Joy suggests an intense and especially an ecstatic or exultant state;the word is often associated with sharing, self-realization, or high-mindedness: Joy 暗示强烈的尤其是欣喜若狂或狂喜的状态；这个单词经常与分享、自我实现或品格高尚相关联： 〔psychometry〕The ability or art of divining information about people or events associated with an object solely by touching or being near to it.触物占卜术：通过触摸或靠近一个物体来预测与该物相关联的人或事件的情况的能力或技艺〔Avon〕A river of south-central England flowing 154.5 km (96 mi) to the Severn. It is known for its associations with Shakespeare.埃文河：英格兰中南部河流，全长154.5公里（96英里），流入塞文河。因与莎士比亚相关联而著名〔equal〕It has been argued thatequal is an absolute term— two quantities either are or are not equal—and hence cannot be qualified as to degree.Therefore one cannot logically speak ofa more equal allocation of resources among the departments. However, this usage was accepted by 71 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.What is more, objection to the usage betrays a widespread but questionable assumptionthat it is in mathematics and logic that we find the model of accuracy most appropriate to the everyday use of language,a supposition that also underlies traditional grammatical discussions of words such asunique, parallel, and center. According to this account,the "precise" or "literal" meaning ofequal is realized in the use of the equal sign in an arithmetic expression such as 5 + 2 = 7; and the ordinary-language uses of the term,though they may be permissible,represent "loose" or "imprecise" extensions of that sense.But in fact the mathematical concept of equality is a poor model for using the wordequal to describe relations between things in the world. As applied to such things,statements of equality are always relative to an implicit standard of tolerance.When someone saysThe two boards are of equal length, we assume that the equality is reckoned to some order of approximation determined by the context;if we did not,we would be required always to usenearly equal when speaking of the dimensions of physical objects. What is more,we often want to predicate equality of things that do not admit of quantitative measurement,as when we sayThe college draft was introduced in an effort to make the teams in the National Football League as equal as possible, orThe candidates for the job should all be given equal consideration. In all such cases,equality is naturally a gradient notionand so is amenable to modification in degree.This much is evident from the existence of the wordunequal. The prefixun- attaches only to gradient adjectives: we sayunmanly but not unmale; and the worduneven can be applied to a surface (whose evenness may be a matter of degree) but not to a number (whose evenness is an either-or affair). ·The adverbequally is generally regarded as redundant when used in combination with as, and the following examples employingequally as were termed unacceptable by 63 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey: 单词equal 一向被认为是一个很绝对的词语—— 两个数量要么相同要么不同——这样就不能有程度上的差别。所以，如果有人说在各部门间对资源更公平的分配 ，那么就不合逻辑了。 但是这种用法在早先的用法调查中被百分之七十一用法使用小组的人接受。而且，对这种用法的反对体现出了一种很流行但却值得怀疑的假设，那就是我们从数学和逻辑中得出适用于日常语言准确性的实例，而这种假设也可从我们对一些词，如unique，parallel 和 center 传统的语法讨论中体现出来。 根据这个解释，equal “准确”或“书面”的意思则是由在算术表达式，如5+2=7中所运用的相同的符号而表达清楚的； 而该词在日常语言中的用法，虽然被允许，但却代表了其含意“松散”或“不严谨”的引申。但是实际上用数学概念上的相等来运用equal 这个词描述世上各种事物之间的关系是一个很差劲的例子。 当该词应用于生活中的事物时，相等的观念往往与暗含的容忍相关联。当有人说两块木板同样长 时， 我们会认为由于上下文的关系，相等可以被看作大约近似；如果我们不这样想，那么当我们谈到物体的尺寸时，就要经常使用nearly equal 。 另外，我们常常会预测和数量无关的事物的相同性，比如我们会说，引入大学的要求是为了使全国足球联合会中的各队尽可能平等 ， 或者应给予该项工作的应征者同等的考虑 。 在所有这些例子中，相等是个可变化的概念，所以可在程度有所不同。Unequal 这个词的存在就是很好的证明。 un- 这个前缀只附加于有程序变化的形容词， 我们说unmanly 但不说 unmale ； 而uneven 这个词只能用于某物的表面（其平坦可有程度上的差别）， 而不能用于数目（数目只能说相等或不相等）。Equally 这一副词在与 as 连用时通常被认为是多余的， 在早先的用法调查中，以下这些使用equally as 的句子遭到百分之六十三使用小组的人反对： 〔spring〕Of, having to do with, occurring in, or appropriate to the season of spring:春天的：春天的，与春天相关联的，发生或适于春天的：〔human〕Subject to or indicative of the weaknesses, imperfections, and fragility associated with human beings:人性的缺点，人性的脆弱面：属于或表现出与人类相关联的软弱、缺陷和脆弱的：〔insane〕Characteristic of or associated with persons afflicted with insanity:精神病患者的：为精神病患者所特有的或与之相关联的：〔irredenta〕A region that is culturally or historically related to one nation but is subject to a foreign government.同文同种外国属地，应属一国却为外国统治地：在历史或文化方面与同一国相关联但由外国政府统治的地区〔thereby〕In connection with that:由此，从而：与那个相关联：〔sequence〕A related or continuous series.See Synonyms at series 类，相关联：相关联的或连续的一系列 参见 series〔relevant〕Having a bearing on or connection with the matter at hand.相关联的：和手头的事务有关系或关联的〔chameleon〕The words referring to the animal chameleon and the plant chamomile are related etymologically by a reference to the place one would expect to find them, that is, on the ground.The first part of both words goes back to the Greek formkhamai, meaning "on the ground.” What is found on the ground in each case is quite different, of course.Thekhamaileōn is a "lion [ leōn ] on the ground,” a term translating the Akkadian phrasenēš qaqqari. Thekhamaimēlon is "an apple [ mēlon ] on the ground,” so named because the blossoms of at least one variety of this creeping herb have an applelike scent.Both words are first found in Middle English,chameleon in a work composed before 1382 andchamomile in a work written in 1373. 指动物变色蜥蜴和植物春黄菊的词，在词源上通过人们预期可找到它们的地点（即地面上）而相关联。这两个词的前一部分都可追溯到希腊形式khamai 意思为“在地面上。” 当然，两种情形下在地面上发现的东西是非常不同的。Khamaileon 是指“地面上的狮子 [ leon ]”， 即阿卡得短语nes qaqqari 翻译过来的词语。 Khamaimelon 是指“地面上的苹果 melon ”， 之所以这么命名是因为至少有一类这种蔓生草本植物所开的花具有类似苹果的气味。两个词最初出现在中古英语里面，chameleon 出现于1382年前的一部作品， chamomile 出现于1373年的一部作品里 〔shrine〕A site hallowed by a venerated object or its associations:圣地：因一受崇拜物或与其相关联而被神圣化的地点：〔relation〕A person connected to another by blood or marriage; a relative.亲属；亲戚：因血缘或婚姻与另外一个人相关联的人；亲戚〔tweed〕Calling the wordtweed an alteration of the form tweel obscures the fact that in this case, as in many others,human error has helped create a word.Tweed is indeed possibly the result of a misreading of tweel, an originally Scots form of twill. Tweed also could be a misreading of an abbreviated form oftweeled, a form of twilled. Association withTweed, the name of the river that is part of the border between England and Scotland, helped support the misreading,which was originally a trade name.The word is said to have first been used around 1831,but it is not recorded until 1847.Thus had it not been for the misreading,the tweedy look might have been the tweely look or the tweeledy look.把tweed 这个词当作 tweel 的一种变体形式掩盖了一个事实， 即和其它很多情况一样，这种情况使人类的错误创造了一个新词。Tweed 实际上很可能是 tweel 这一最早是 twill的苏格兰形式的误读造成的结果。 Tweed 也可能是派生词tweeled ，即 twilled 的另一种形式的误读。 与Tweed （特威德，英格兰和苏格兰边界上一条河的名字）相关联， 也促成了这种误读的形成。它最初是一个行业的名字。据说这个词最早应用于1831年，但直到1847年才有书面记录。因此，如果没有这种误读，衣着随便的样子就可能成了矫情的样子或斜纹毛呢装扮〔relative〕One related by kinship, common origin, or marriage.亲属：因亲戚关系共同的起源或婚姻相关联的人〔serious〕 Grave suggests the dignity and somberness associated with weighty matters: Grave 暗示与重大事件相关联的庄严和阴沉： 〔hemophilia〕Any of several hereditary blood-coagulation disorders in which the blood fails to clot normally because of a deficiency or an abnormality of one of the clotting factors. Hemophilia, a recessive trait associated with the X-chromosome, is manifested almost exclusively in males.血友病：遗传性血凝病中的任何一种，由于某个凝血因子的功能丧失或紊乱而造成血液不能正常地凝结成块。作为与Ｘ染色体相关联的隐性性状，血友病几乎全都出现在男性患者身上〔bear〕They studied the ways in which the relativity theory bears on the history of science.他们研究相对论与科学史相关联的方式〔correlate〕To establish or demonstrate as having a correlation:相关联的：建立或表明具有相互关联的关系： |
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