| 单词 | 相反 |
| 释义 | 〔effect〕testimony that in effect contradicted her earlier statement.证词实际上与她以前的话相反〔mayday〕"Mayday, mayday!” comes the international distress signal over the radio,and nobody stops to ask why the first of May is being mentioned at a time of crisis.Mayday, in fact, has nothing to do with the first of May. Instead, it is a spelling that represents the pronunciation of Frenchm'aidez, "help me,” or the latter part of the phrase venez m'aider, "come help me,” either of which are quite appropriate at such a critical juncture.“救命，救命!”无线电接收机中传来国际遇险呼救信号，总有人询问为何在危急时刻使用五月的第一天作为信号。实际上，Mayday 和五月份的第一天没有任何关系。 相反，它只是和法语中m'aidez “帮助我”或短语 venez m'aider “来帮助我”的后半部分的读音相同的一种拼写， 均适用于指紧要关头〔antiheroine〕A woman protagonist whose character and behavior are contrary to those of the traditional heroine.反女英雄：与传统女英雄的性格及行为相反的女主人公〔disgorge〕des- [dis-] des- [表示“不，相反”的意思] 〔preposterous〕Contrary to nature, reason, or common sense; absurd.See Synonyms at foolish 与本性、理性或常识相反的；荒谬的 参见 foolish〔inverse〕Reversed in order, nature, or effect.相反的：在次序、本质或作用方面相反的〔foolish〕Preposterous describes what is contrary to reason or sense: Preposterous 指的是与有理的或理智的相反的东西： 〔pair〕Two members of a deliberative body with opposing opinions on a given issue who agree to abstain from voting on the issue, thereby offsetting each other.两个对立的议员：对所给问题有相反意见的两个审议团议员，双方都同意对此问题弃权，因此互相抵销〔authoritarian〕Characterized by or favoring absolute obedience to authority, as against individual freedom:独裁主义的：与个人自由相反的，以赞成或以绝对服从权威为特征的：〔presume〕These verbs signify to take something for granted or as being a fact.Topresume is to suppose that something is reasonable, justifiable, sound, or possible in the absence of proof to the contrary: 这些动词都表示认为某事是理所当然的或认定某事是事实。Presume 是指在没有证据表明结果是相反的情况下认定某事是合理的，无可非议的，完美的或者是可能的： 〔unfavorable〕Having or showing opposition; adverse:反对的，不赞同的：有或表明反对的；相反的：〔opposite〕Antonyms are words of opposite meaning.反义词是指意思相反的词。〔wing〕Either of two groups with opposing views within a larger group; a faction.派别：一个大集团内部具有相反观点的两个集团之一；宗派〔contrary〕Opposite in direction or position:相反的：在方向上相反的或在位置上相对的：〔wish〕 Both usages are likely to sound stilted in informal style, however. ?Whenwish precedes a subordinate clause containing a contrary-to-fact statement, strict grammatical correctness requires that one usewere rather than was : I wish I were (not was ) lighter on my feet. Many writers continue to insist on this rule,but precedent for using the indicativewas in such clauses can be found in the works of many writers, including King Alfred and Jonathan Swift. See Usage Note at if ,want 但这两种用法在非正式文体中会显得不自然。当wish 后面接一个与事实相反的陈述句作从属分句时， 按严格的语法来说，应在从句中用were 代替 was ： I wish I were （不是 was ) lighter on my feet（多希望我能步履轻盈。） 许多作家仍坚持这条规则，但在从句中用表陈述的was 可在许多作家包括金·阿尔弗雷德和约纳森·斯威夫特的作品中找到先例 参见 if,want〔negative〕Relating to or designating a quantity, a number, an angle, a velocity, or a direction in a sense opposite to another of the same magnitude indicated or understood to be positive.反的：关于或标明一个数、一个数字、一个角、一个速率或一个方向在某种意义上来说和其他相同数量的表示，或被理解为正的事物的相反物的〔describe〕dē- [de-] dē- [前缀，表“否定，相反”] 〔deform〕dē- [de-] dē- [前缀，表示“相反”] 〔reverse〕These verbs are compared as they mean to change to the opposite position, direction, or course.当这些动词都意为改变到相反的位置、方向或进程时，常把它们进行比较。〔deliquesce〕dē- [de-] dē- [前缀，表示“相反的”] 〔disapprove〕To have an unfavorable opinion of; condemn.持相反的意见；谴责〔dishonest〕Latin dis- [dis-] 拉丁语 dis- [表示“不，相反”的意思] 〔either〕Either the union will make a counteroffer or the original bid will be refused by the board or the deal will go ahead as scheduled. · 或者工会提出一个相反的建议，或者董事会拒绝原来的要价，或者这事按原计划进行。 〔counterclockwise〕In a direction opposite to the rotating hands of a clock.逆时针地：按与钟表指针运转方向相反的方向地〔opposite〕"It is said that opposite characters make a union happiest" (Charles Reade).“据说性格相反的两个人能够创造一种完美的结合” （查理斯·瑞德） 。〔delinquent〕dē- [de-] dē- [前缀，表示“相反的”] 〔inlay〕Contrasting material set into a surface in pieces to form a design.镶衬（图片）：将一片片性质相反的物质镶嵌入同一外表内，从而形成一种设计〔lure〕Tempt implies the operation of an attraction that disposes or invites one to do something,especially something immoral, unwise, or contrary to one's better judgment: Tempt 暗指一个诱惑物作用于某人，诱使其做某事，尤指做不道德、不明智、与其正常判断相反的事情： 〔nadir〕from Arabic naÝīr (as-samt) [opposite (the zenith)] 源自 阿拉伯语 naÝīr (as-samt) [相反的（天顶）] 〔reverse〕To turn or move in the opposite direction.逆行：在相反方向转动或移动〔cool〕on the contrary, his demeanor is easy and nonchalant.相反，他的举止轻松而无动于衷。〔antimere〕A part or division in the body of a bilaterally or radially symmetric animal that corresponds to an opposite or similar part.体辐，对称部：左右或中心对称的动物身体中与相反或相似部分对应的一侧或一部分〔man〕Traditionally,man and words derived from it have been used generically to designate any or all of the human race irrespective of sex.In Old Englishthis was the principal sense ofman, which meant "a human being" regardless of sex;the wordswer and wyf (or w÷pman and wifman ) were used to refer to "a male human being" and "a female human being" respectively. But in Middle Englishman displaced wer as the term for "a male human being,”whilewyfman (which evolved into present-day woman ) was retained for "a female human being.” The result of these changes was an assymetrical arrangement that many criticize as sexist.Many writers have revised some of their practices accordingly.But the precise implications of the usage vary according to the context and the particular use ofman or its derivatives. · Man sometimes appears to have the sense of "person" or "people" when it is used as a count noun, as inA man is known by the company he keeps and Men have long yearned to unlock the secrets of the atom, and in phrases likethe common man and the man in the street. Here the generic interpretation arises indirectly:if a man is known by the company he keeps,then so, by implication, is a woman.For this reasonthe generic interpretation of these uses ofman is not possible where the applicability of the predicate varies according to the sex of the individual. Thus it would be inappropriate to say thatMen are the only animals that can conceive at any time, since the sentence literally asserts that the ability to conceive applies to male human beings.This usage presumes that males can be taken as representatives of the species.In almost all cases,however, the wordsperson and people can be substituted for man and men, often with a gain in clarity. · By contrast,man functions more as a generic when it is used without an article in the singular to refer to the human race, as in sentences likeThe capacity for language is unique to man or in phrases like man's inhumanity to man. But this use ofman is also ambiguous, since it can refer exclusively to male members of the human race.In most contexts wordssuch ashumanity or humankind will convey the generic sense of this use of man. · On the whole,the Usage Panel accepts the generic use ofman, the women members significantly less than the men. The sentenceIf early man suffered from a lack of information, modern man is tyrannized by an excess of it was acceptable to 81 percent of the Panel (including 58 percent of the women and 92 percent of the men).The Panel also accepted compound words derived from genericman. The sentenceThe Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from space was acceptable to 86 percent (including 76 percent of the women and 91 percent of the men).The sentence"The history of language is the history of mankind" (James Bradstreet Greenough and George Lyman Kittredge) was acceptable to 76 percent (including 63 percent of the women and 82 percent of the men). Such compounds were acceptable even when the context required that they be applied chiefly to women.Thus, 66 percent of the Panel (including 57 percent of the women and 71 percent of the men) accepts the wordmanpower in the sentence Countries that do not permit women to participate in the work force are at a disadvantage in competing with those that do avail themselves of that extra source of manpower. · A related set of problems is raised by the use ofman in forming the names of occupational and social rolessuch asbusinessman, chairman, spokesman, layman, and freshman, as well as in analogous formationssuch asunsportsmanlike and showmanship. Some condemn this use categorically;however, these words remained acceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel when they were used to refer to a role or class in the abstractbut were rejected when they were used to refer to a woman.Thus the general use ofchairman was acceptable to 67 percent of the Panel (including 52 percent of the women and 76 percent of the men) in the sentence The chairman will be appointed by the Faculty Senate. But only 48 percent (including 43 percent of the women and 50 percent of the men) accepted the use of the word inEmily Owen, chairman of the Mayor's Task Force, issued a statement assuring residents that their views would be solicited, where it is applied to a woman. · Several strategies have been suggested for replacing the categorical use of compounds formed withman. Parallel terms likebusinesswoman, spokeswoman and chairwoman are increasingly used to refer to women. Also in use are common-gender terms coined withperson, such asbusinessperson, spokesperson, and chairperson. For occupational titles ending inman, new standards of official usage have been established by the U.S. Department of Labor and other government agencies.In official contexts termssuch asfirefighter and police officer are now generally used in place of fireman and policeman. · A majority of the Panelists rejected the verbman when it was used to refer to an activity performed by women. The sentenceMembers of the League of Women Voters will be manning the registration desk was unacceptable to 56 percent of the Panel (including 61 percent of the women and 54 percent of the men). See Usage Note at -ess ,people 传统上，man 以及它的衍生字一般是用来指任何人或整个人类， 不考虑性别。在古英语中，这就是man 这个字主要的意思， 即“人” 而不分性别；单词wer 和 wyf （或 woepman 和 wifman )则分别用以指“男人”和“女人”。 但在中古英语时man 取代了 wer 这个词， 也具有“男人”的意义了；而wyfman （这个字发展演变成了今天的 woman 这个字）作为“女人”这个意思被保留了下来。 这些变化的结果是，作为性别歧视者所批评的匀称排列。为此，许多作家相应地修订了他们部分的创作活动。但是这用法的准确含义取决于它的上下文以及man 的具体用途或它的衍生字。 当man 这个字被当作一个可数名词来用时，它有时似乎具有“一个人”或“人们”的意思， 如在被他所在的那个公司熟悉了解的人 和 很久以来，人们都期盼着解开原子的秘密 ， 以及如下短语中普通的人 和 街上的人 。 这里，一般的理解源于间接地推理：如果一个男人是被他所在的公司了解的话，其言下之意是，一个女人也是被他所在的公司熟悉了解的。正是这个原因，使得man 当此一般理解之义用时，其谓语随着个人性别的改变而变化是不可能的。 所以，说人是唯一能在任何时候思考的动物 是不适当的， 因为这句话字面之义是指男人的思考能力。这种用法是假定男人可以作为人类的代表。几乎毫无例外的是，词person 和 people 可以用 man 和 men 来取代，且后两字意思更清楚。 相反，当man 以单数不带冠词出现用以指人类时，它更是指一类、一属， 如在象句子只有人才有语言能力 或象短语 人类对人类的不人道 中。 但man 若以这种形式出现，其意思也会模糊不清， 因为其可只指人类中的男性成员。在大多数的行文中，例如humanity 或 humankind 这样的字也传达了 man 这种用法的一般意义。 总的说来，在用法专题使用小组成员中接受man 这种一般用法的女性比男性明显少得多。 下面这句话如果说古代人受信息不足之苦的话，那么现代人则是受信息过量之虐待了 在小组中有81的成员可接受 （其中女性成员中的接受率为58，男性中则为92)。专题小组会还接受作为一般意义的man 构成的复合词。 长城是太空中的唯一可见的人造物 这句话有86的成员接受 （其中女性成员的接受率为76，而男性中为91)。“语言史就是一部人类史” （詹姆士·布拉斯瑞特·格里诺和乔治·莱曼·基特里奇）这句话的接受率为76（基中在女性成员中有63接受，而男性中为82)。 即使是上下行文所需的字主要指的是女人，这种复合词仍然被接受。因此小组中的66（其中女性委员的57，男性的71)接受了manpower 这个词在下句的用法： 那些不允许女人加入生产力大军的国家和那些允许女人加入生产力大军的国家相比，在处理剩余劳动力这一点上明显处于竞争的劣势 。 由于man 的使用所引起的一系列相关问题产生了， 在构成职业或社会角色类别的名称，如商人、主席、发言人、外行 和 渔夫 ， 以及将这个字用于类似的构词法中，如违反运动精神的 和 善于表演的才能 。 有些人谴责这种类别的用法；然而，当它们抽象地指某种角色或阶层时，这些词仍能得到用法专题使用小组大多数人的接受；但当它们用由于指女性时，这些词就被拒绝了。因此在句子主席由职工委员会指定 中 主席 的这种一般用法就得到了67小组成员的接受（其中在女性成员中为52，而男性中为76)。 但是，在句子艾米莉·欧文，市长任务小组的主席，发表了一个声明，向市长保证将考虑他们的观点 中这个字的用法，由于是指女性，只有48的成员接受（其中在女性成员中的接受率为43，而男性中为50)。 对于如何替换用man 构成的类别复合词，几种构思被提了出来。 与之相对的复合词如女商人、女发言人 和 女主席 越来越多地被用来指女性。 另外，用person 构成的中性词也创造了出来， 如商人、发言人 和 主席 。 对于用man 结尾的职业名称， 美国政府劳工部和其它政府机构已建立起了新的官方运用标准。在官方行文，现在一般用如firefighter 和 police officer 代替 fireman 和 policeman 。 大多数的小组成员反对将动词man 用于指那些女性从事的活动。 句子登记处将配备女性选民联盟的成员 在用法专题使用小组中的反对率是56（其中在女性成员中的反对率是61，而男性中为54) 参见 -ess,people〔active〕 Active, the most neutral, merely means being in a state of action as opposed to being passive or quiescent: Active 是最中性的词，仅表示处于运动的状态，与被动的或静止的状态相反： 〔anima〕The feminine inner personality, as present in the unconscious of the male. It is in contrast to the animus, which represents masculine characteristics.男性的女性倾向，男性的女性性格：男性具有的无意识中的女性内在性格。与表现男性特征的女性的男性倾向相反〔turnaround〕The act or an instance of turning about and facing or moving in the opposite direction; a reversal:转身，转向：转过头面对相反的方向，可向相反的方向移动的行为或事例；向后转：〔dislocate〕dis- [dis-] dis- [表示“不，相反”的意思] 〔reverse〕The opposite or contrary:相反，颠倒：相反的事物或相反的方面：〔wingover〕A flight maneuver or stunt in which an airplane enters a climbing turn until almost stalled and is allowed to fall while the turn is continued until normal flight is attained in a direction opposite the original heading.横转，翻转：一种飞行技巧或特技，飞机首先进入爬升的动作，直至飞机几乎失速并允许下沉，但这个动作一直要继续到按与最初行向相反的方向能正常飞行时〔false〕Contrary to fact or truth:虚伪的，假的：与真理或事实相反的： |
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