| 单词 | 相应的 |
| 释义 | 〔either〕But reputable writers have often violated this rule,and in any case it applies only to the use ofeither as a pronoun or an adjective. Wheneither is used as a conjunction no paraphrase withany is available, and soeither is unexceptionable even when it applies to more than two clauses: 但是许多著名作家经常违反这个规则，这种情况只见于either 用作代名词或形容词时。 当either 用作连接词时， any 没有相应的替代词， 所以即使用来连接多于两个从句时，也要用either ： 〔unseasonable〕unseasonable weather.与季节不相应的天气〔unlock〕To undo (a lock) by turning a key or corresponding part.开（锁）：通过转动钢匙或相应的部件来开（锁）〔speed〕The fable of the tortoise and the hare teaches us that speed does not always spell success.Historically in English, however, it does:the Old English wordspēd, from which our word speed is descended, originally meant "prosperity, successful outcome, ability, or quickness.” A corresponding verb,spēdan, in Modern English the verbspeed, meant "to succeed, prosper, or achieve a goal"; and an adjective,spēdig, the ancestor of our word speedy, meant "wealthy, powerful.” Except for archaic usesthe words today relate only to the general sense of "velocity.”The meaning "success" is retained chiefly in the compoundGodspeed, a noun formed from the phrase meaning "God prosper you.”乌龟与兔子这则寓言故事告诉我们速度并不总意味着成功。然而在英语的历史中，速度就意味着成功：speed 这个词来自古英语单词 spēd ， 原意为“繁荣昌盛，成功的结果，能力或速度”。与之相应的动词spedan ， 即现代英语中speed 一词，意为“取得成功，繁荣昌盛或实现一目标”； speedy 的前身，形容词 spēdig ，则表示“富有的，有力的”。 除了其古代用法，这些词今天只和“速度”这一一般意义有关。“成功”之意主要保留于Godspeed （成功、幸运、天惠） 这个词中， 这是一个来自词组“祝你成功”的一个名词〔histogram〕A bar graph of a frequency distribution in which the widths of the bars are proportional to the classes into which the variable has been divided and the heights of the bars are proportional to the class frequencies.矩形图，直方图：一种用来表示频分布的图表长方形的高表示相应的频率分布〔uterus〕A corresponding part in other animals.其他动物体内与此相应的部分〔brunette〕Brunette was for a long time used to denote a woman having a dark complexion; now it is used chiefly in reference to hair color.The general practice is to use the formbrunette to refer only to women, withbrunet as a less frequently used variant that can be applied as well to men and mixed groups. The distinction, like the one betweenblonde and blond, has been regarded as carrying sexist implications.In this case, however, it is difficult to see how the problem can be easily resolved.It is unlikely thatbrunette could be pressed into service as a neutral term, since the suffix-ette is too closely associated with marked feminine gender. Brunet is theoretically available for both sexes but is rarely applied to men, whose corresponding coloration is typically described simply as "brown.”It would, of course, be possible to usebrown for the hair color of both sexes, if only that word could be redeemed from the associations of drabnessthat led to the adoption of the substitutebrunette in the first place. See Usage Note at blond ,-ette Brunette 过去很长一段时间用来指肤色黝黑的女人； 现今多用于指头发的颜色。通常brunette 只指女人， 而不如其常用的变体brunet 可用于指男人和男女都有的群体。 两词的区别正如blonde 和 blond 的区别， 被看成带有性别的含意。即使如此也很难看出如何轻易地解决两词之间区别的这一难题。brunette 不可能被看成一个中性词， 因为后缀-ette 与女性紧密联系。 Brunet 从道理上来说适用于男人和女人，但很少用于指男人。 男人相应的肤色仅用brown表述即可。当然，brown 也可适用于指男女两性的头发颜色， 只要此词不再与卖淫联系在一起。正是由于这一联系brunette 才首先被用作替代词 参见 blond,-ette〔heterozygous〕Having different alleles at one or more corresponding chromosomal loci.杂合的：在一个或更多的相应的染色体基因座上有不同的等位基因的〔counterpart〕One that has the same functions and characteristics as another; an opposite number:对手方相应的人或物：与另一个具有相同的功能或特点的人或物；对策的人：〔degree〕Relative social or official rank, dignity, or position.地位，身份：相应的社会地位或军衔、尊严或职务〔correspondent〕Corresponding.有关的、相应的〔augmented〕Larger by a semitone than the corresponding major or perfect interval.增半音的：比相应的大音程或完全音程增多一个“半音”的〔heel〕The corresponding part of the hind foot of other vertebrates.后肢蹄踵，蹄的后部：其它脊椎动物后腿相应的部位〔reward〕Something given or received in recompense for worthy behavior or in retribution for evil acts.报答，报应：为相应的行为做酬劳或为邪恶的举止做回报而授予或收到的某些东西〔Wednesday〕We say the names of the days of the week constantly,but for most of us they are nonsense syllables. The seven-day system we use is based on the ancient astrological notion that the seven celestial bodies (the sun, the moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn) revolving around stationary Earth influence what happens on itand that each of these celestial bodies controls the first hour of the day named after it.This system was brought into Hellenistic Egypt from Mesopotamia,where astrology had been practiced for millenniums and where seven had always been a propitious number.Ina.d. 321 the Emperor Constantine the Great grafted this astrological system onto the Roman calendar, made the first day of this new week a day of rest and worship for all,and imposed the following sequence and names to the days of the week:Diēs Sōlis, "Sun's Day"; Diēs Lūnae, "Moon's Day"; Diēs Martis, "Mars's Day"; Diēs Mercuriī, "Mercury's Day"; Diēs Iovis, "Jove's Day" or "Jupiter's Day"; Diēs Veneris, "Venus's Day"; andDiēs Saturnī, "Saturn's Day.” This new Roman system was adopted with modifications throughout most of western Europe:in the Germanic languages, such as Old English, the names of four of the Roman gods were converted into those of the corresponding Germanic gods.Therefore in Old English we have the following names (with their Modern English developments):Sunnandæg, Sunday; Mōnandæg, Monday; Tīwesdæg, Tuesday (the god Tiu, like Mars, was a god of war); Wōdnesdæg, Wednesday (the god Woden, like Mercury, was quick and eloquent); Thunresdæg, Thursday ( the god Thunor in Old English or Thor in Old Norse, like Jupiter, was lord of the sky;Old NorseThōrsdagr influenced the English form); Frīgedæg, Friday (the goddess Frigg, like Venus, was the goddess of love); andSaeternesdæg, Saturday. 我们经常说一周各天的名字，但对我们中的大多数人来说，它们是毫无意义的音节。我们使用的七天制度是建立在古代星象学的观点上，即绕着静止不动的地球旋转的七个天体（太阳、月亮、火星、水星、木星、金星和土星），影响着地球上发生的事情，并且这些天体控制着以它们的名字命名的周日的第一个小时。这个体制从美索不达米亚引进到具有古希腊文明的埃及，在美索不达米亚，星象术已流行了上百万年，七一直是个吉利的数字。在公元 321年伟大的康斯坦丁国王把星相学系统用于罗马历， 把这种新星期的第一天作为休息与做礼拜的一天，并把以下的次序及名字加在其它的周日上：Dies solis ，“太阳日”； Dies Lunae “月亮日”； Dies Martis “金星日”； Dies Mercurii ，“水星日”； Dies Iovis， “朱维日”或“木星日”； Dies Veneris， “金星日”； 和Dies Saturni, “土星日”。 这种新罗马体制在西欧的大部地区有所改变后被采用：在日耳曼语言中，如古英语中，四位罗马神的名字被改为相应的日耳曼神的名字。所以在古英语中我们看到以下的名字（以及他们的现代英语形式）：Sunnanhd?g, 星期日； Monand?g, 星期一； Tiwesd?g， 星期二（蒂乌神，象玛尔斯一样，是战神）； Wodnesd?g, 星期三（沃登，象墨丘利一样，行动敏捷，善于词辩）； Thunresd?g， 星期四( 古英语中的撒纳及古挪威语的索，象朱庇特一样，是宇宙之主；古挪威语的Thorsdagr 影响了英语中的该词的形式）； Friged?g, 星期五（女神弗丽嘉，象维纳斯一样，是爱神）； 和Saeternesd?g, 星期六 〔unseasonable〕Not characteristic of the time of year:不相应的：并非一年中某一时间的典型特征的：〔flat〕Being one half step lower than the corresponding natural key:降半音的：比相应的正常调低半个音阶的：〔graffito〕The formgraffiti, based on the Italian plural, is far more common than the singular form graffito. Graffitiis often used as a singular noun. When the reference is to a particular inscription (as inThere was a bold graffiti on the wall ), the formgraffito would be etymologically correct but might strike some readers as pedantic outside an archaeological context.There is no substitute for the singular use ofgraffiti when the word is used as a mass noun to refer to inscriptions in general or to the related social phenomenon. The sentenceGraffiti is a major problem for the Transit Authority Police cannot be rewordedGraffito is . . . (since graffito can refer only to a particular inscription) or Graffiti are . . . , which suggests that the police problem involves only the physical marks and not the larger issue of vandalism.In such contexts,the use ofgraffiti as a singular is justified by both utility and widespread precedent. 基于意大利语的复数形式graffiti 远比单数形式 graffito更普遍。 Graffiti常用作单数名词。 当意指一特定涂鸦物（如在墙上有一处下流的涂鸦 中）， graffito 的形式在词形变化上是正确的， 但可能会在古文化语境外使一些人显得迂腐。graffiti 的单数作物质名词使用来指涂鸦的总称或相应的社会现象时，是没有替代词的。 句子：涂鸦是公共交通警察局遇到的主要难题 ， 不能用Graffito is … 来替换（因为 graffito 只能指一具体的涂鸦）或用 Graffiti are … 来替换， 因其意指警察的问题只涉及存在的标记而不是破坏公物的大问题。在这些语境中，graffiti 作为单数形式的使用是被广泛使用的先例所证实的 〔bolt〕A fastener consisting of a threaded pin or rod with a head at one end, designed to be inserted through holes in assembled parts and secured by a mated nut that is tightened by applying torque.螺栓：一种由可穿过的栓或竿构成的条形紧固器，一端有头，用于插进集合部分相应的孔，再用配对的螺帽旋紧〔dowel〕A usually round pin that fits tightly into a corresponding hole to fasten or align two adjacent pieces.暗榫：通常为一圆钉，紧扣在相应的眼里以固定或校正相似的两片〔cog〕One of a series of teeth, as on the rim of a wheel or gear, whose engagement transmits successive motive force to a corresponding wheel or gear.齿轮的嵌齿：一系列齿之一，如在轮或齿轮的边缘上的，其啮合传输连续的运动力到相应的轮或齿轮上〔isoagglutinogen〕An isoantigen that on exposure to its corresponding isoantibody causes agglutination of the red blood cells to which it is attached.同种凝集原；同族凝集原：一个同种（同族）抗原，在接触它相应的同种（同族）抗体的会导致与其附在一起的红细胞发生凝集〔breast〕A corresponding rudimentary gland in the male.退化乳房：男性相应的退化乳房〔ferric〕Of, relating to, or containing iron, especially with a valence of 3 or a valence higher than in a corresponding ferrous compound.铁的：铁的、有关铁的或含铁的，尤指相应的三价或更高价的含铁化合物〔extemporaneous〕Impromptu even more strongly suggests action or expression that comes on the spur of the moment in response to an unforeseen need: Impromptu 更强烈地表现对意料之外的需要所做出的相应的动作或表现： 〔modulus〕The number by which a logarithm in one system must be multiplied to obtain the corresponding logarithm in another system.对数的模：当从一个系统变换到另一个系统时为得到相应的对数须乘以的一个数〔low〕Of, relating to, or being the gear configuration or setting, as in an automotive transmission, that produces the least vehicular speed with respect to engine speed.低速档的：属于、关于或是产生与引擎速度相应的最低车速的车档结构（比如在汽车变速器中的结构）的〔majority〕The status of having reached full legal age, with attendant rights and responsibilities.成年：已经到达法定年龄并享有相应的权利和义务的一种状态〔correlative〕Related; corresponding.有关联的；相应的〔clear〕To pass through the banking system and be debited and credited to the relevant accounts:通过金融机构借贷：通过银行系统记入借方和贷方相应的帐目：〔pass〕The past tense and past participle ofpass is passed : They passed (or have passed ) our home. Time had passed slowly. Pastis the corresponding adjective ( in centuries past ), adverb ( drove past ), preposition ( past midnight; past the crisis ), and noun ( lived in the past ). Pass 的过去式和过去分词是 passed ： 他们路过 （或 have passed ) 我们家。时间缓慢流逝。 Past是其相应的形容词( in centuries past )、副词( drove past )、介词( past midnight；past the crisis )及名词( lived in the past ) 〔each〕The traditional rule holds thatwhen the subject of a sentence begins witheach, it is grammatically singular,and the verb and following pronouns must be singular as well: 传统规则规定，当句子的主语以each 开始时， 语法上讲是单数形式，所以动词及相应的代词也必须使用单数形式： 〔degree〕Relative intensity or amount, as of a quality or an attribute:强度，数量：相应的强度或数量，如某一特质或属性的强度或数量：〔people〕Used as a pluralpeople is a form with no exactly corresponding singular. (English is not odd in this respect:the equivalent word is anomalous in Spanish, Italian, Russian, and many other languages.)In the past, grammarians have sometimes insisted thatpeople is a collective noun that should not be used as a substitute forpersons when referring to a specific number of individuals, as inSix people were arrested. Butpeople has always been used in such contexts, and the distinction is now so widely ignored in general writingthat it seems pedantic to insist on it.Persons is still preferred in quasilegal contexts, however, as inVehicles containing fewer than three persons may not use the left lane during rush hours. Only the singularperson is used in compounds involving a specific numeral: People 用做复数时无确切的单数形式。 （在此方面英语是不固定的：在西班牙语、意大利语和许多其它语言中相应的词是不规则的。）过去，语法学家曾坚持说people 是集合名词， 不能替代描述特定数量个体的persons ， 如在六个人被捕了 中。 但是people 常用在这样的上下文中， 其区别在一般的书面语中被大大忽略了，再坚持其区别则显得多余。Persons 仍多被用在法律性的语境中， 例如在交通高峰期容纳少于三个人的汽车不允许使用左单行道。 只有单数person 用在与具体数目有关的复合词中： 〔equivalent〕"Prejudicing vital foreign policy considerations in order to rescue individuals finds its domestic equivalent in the inflated awards paid to . . . accident and malpractice victims"(Moorhead Kennedy)“为了挽救个人而对重要外交政策的考虑产生偏见，正如国内相应的对于事故和医疗误诊的受害者加以巨额补偿一样”(穆尔黑德·肯尼迪)〔nitrous〕Of, derived from, or containing nitrogen, especially in a valence state lower than that in a comparable nitric compound.含（三价）氮的：氮的，由氮衍生的或含氮的，尤指在其化合价低于其相应的硝酸化合物的情况下〔homological〕Homologous.同源的，相应的〔proportion〕A relationship between quantities such that if one varies then another varies in a manner dependent on the first:比率：数量之间的一种关系，在这种关系中如果一个发生变化则另一个随第一个发生相应的变化：〔auklet〕Any of various small auks (genusAethia and related genera) of northern Pacific coasts and waters. 小种海雀：北太平洋海岸及水域的一种（海雀 属或相应的属）小海雀 〔program〕A set of coded instructions for insertion into a machine, in accordance with which the machine performs a desired sequence of operations.指令：用来加入机器中的一套密码命令，机器进行与此命令相应的预期运行程序 |
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