| 单词 | 相当 |
| 释义 | 〔hefty〕Of considerable weight; heavy.重的，沉重的：有相当重量的；沉的〔balance〕To be equal or equivalent.均衡：相等或相当〔ethnic〕Of or relating to sizable groups of people sharing a common and distinctive racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural heritage.种族的，人种的：属于或关于相当大规模人的群体的，群体中的成员拥有共同的和独特的种族的、民族的、宗教的、语言的或文化的遗产〔caprice〕"This is a time of life when a solicitous family does well to watch affectionately over the vagaries of its unattached relatives,particularly of those who are comfortably off" (J.P. Marquand). “这个时期的生活中，一个乐意帮忙的家庭总是充满爱意地观注着那些与它关系并不密切的亲戚们的古怪或狂妄的念头，特别是那些相当富足的家庭的怪念头” （J·P·马昆德）。〔GED〕General equivalency diploma.一般的相当文凭〔pretty〕To a fair degree; moderately:相当地：到了相当的程度；适度地：〔nation〕A relatively large group of people organized under a single, usually independent government; a country.国家：相当大规模的人们在一个通常是独立政府的领导下组织起来；一个国家〔ideal〕Completely or highly satisfactory:完全或相当令人满意的：〔match〕To be like with respect to specified qualities.相当：在某些具体特质上与…相似〔far〕To a considerable degree; much:相当地：到相当的程度；很多：〔match〕He is John's match for bravery.他与约翰勇气相当〔quite〕To a degree; rather:相当：在一定程度上；相当：〔kind〕Rather; somewhat:相当；有一些：〔equivalency〕Equivalence.均等，相等，相当〔tidy〕a tidy sum.一个相当大的数目〔familiarity〕Considerable acquaintance with.熟悉：与某人相当熟知〔ornate〕"that flamboyant but egotistical figure, Alexander the Great" (H.G. Wells).“亚历山大大帝，一个气贯长虹的但却相当自我的人物” (H·G·威尔斯）。〔however〕Although some grammarians have insisted thathowever should not be used to begin a sentence, this rule has been ignored by a number of reputable writers.See Usage Note at but ,whatever 虽然有些语法学家坚持认为however 不应用在句首， 但有相当一部分知名作家不理会这条规则 参见 but,whatever〔shall〕The sentenceYou shall have your money expresses a promise ("I will see that you get your money"), whereasYou will have your money makes a simple prediction. · Such, at least, are the traditional rules.But the distinction has never taken firm root outside of what H.W. Fowler described as "the English of the English" (as opposed to that of the Scots and Irish), and even there it has always been subject to variation.Despite the efforts of generations of American schoolteachers, the distinction is largely alien to the modern American idiom.In Americawill is used to express most of the senses reserved for shall in English usage, andshall itself is restricted to first person interrogative proposals, as inShall we go? and to certain fixed expressions, such asWe shall overcome. Shall is also used in formal style to express an explicit obligation,as inApplicants shall provide a proof of residence, though this sense is also expressed bymust or should. In speech the distinction that the English signal by the choice ofshall or will may be rendered by stressing the auxiliary, as in I will leave tomorrow ("I intend to leave"); by choosing another auxiliary, such as must or have to; or by using an adverb such as certainly. · Many earlier American writers observed the traditional distinction betweenshall and will, and some continue to do so.The practice cannot be called incorrect,though it may strike American ears as somewhat mannered.But the distinction is difficult for those who do not come by it natively,and Americans who essay ashall in an unfamiliar context run considerable risk of getting it wrong, and so of being caught out in that most embarrassing of linguistic gaffes, the bungled Anglicism.See Usage Note at should 句子你将得到你的钱 表达了一种承诺（“我将保证你得到你的钱”）， 而你会得到你的钱 仅仅做出了简单预测。 这些至少是传统规则。但是这种用法上的区别仅局限于H·W·福勒所描述的“英格兰人的英语”（与苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的英语相对），即使在英格兰英语中它一直在变化。尽管经过几代美国学校教师的努力，这种区别对现代美国习惯用语仍是相当生疏的。在美国，will 被用来表达在英国用法中大多为 shall 保留的含义， 而shall 则限于第一人称疑问句式的提议， 如在我们该走了吧? 及某些固定表达中， 例如我们会克服的。 Shall 也用在正式文体中表示明确职责，如申请者应提供居留证明 ， 虽然这个意义也可用must 或 should 表达。 在口语中可以通过强调助动词shall 或 will ，如 我 将 于明天离开 （“我打算明天离开”）；或通过选择另一个助动词 must 或 have to ；或通过使用如 certainly 这样的副词来表达英国人用这两个词时的区别。 许多早期的美国作家注意到了shall 和 will 之间的传统区别， 而且一些人仍在继续这样做。这种用法不能被称作不正确，虽然美国人听起来有点矫揉造作的意味。但是这种区别对于那些不能通过母语了解它的人是困难的，而且在一个不熟悉的上下文中，试图用shall 的美国人很有可能犯错误， 因而在许多令人难堪的语言即被搞得一团糟的英式英语中出丑 参见 should〔equivalent〕Equal, as in value, force, or meaning.相等：在价值上、效果上、意义上相当、对等〔lodging〕We found the lodgings on the tour rather primitive.我们发现旅途中的宿处相当简陋〔enphytotic〕Of or relating to a plant disease that causes a relatively constant amount of damage each year.植物恒定流行病的：植物恒定流行病的，或与引起每年相当稳定数量损害的植物疾病相关的〔rattle〕A large proportion (86 percent) of the Usage Panel approved the use of the verbrattle in the sense "to unnerve" in the first edition ofThe American Heritage Dictionary, published in 1969. But we may ask how the verbrattle came to have such a sense. The earliest use of the word is found in a name,Johannes Ratellebagg, recorded in a document of around 1273; the earliest use of the word as a common noun (in the sense "to flap, used of a banner") is found in a work written about 1300and copied in manuscript around 1330.It is thought that the word probably comes from Middle Dutchratelen, which may be imitative in origin. In any case,the wordratelen was used mainly in intransitive senses such as "to make a rattling sound.”Already in Middle English, however, the transitive sense "to babble something" existed,and other transitive senses,as in "to make something rattle,” "to stir up, rouse,” "to drive in a rapid, rattling manner,” came into existence from the 16th century on.The transitive sense "to unnerve,”that is, "to make somebody rattle,” is first found in an American work of 1869.词语用法专题小组中有相当一部分人（百分之八十六）都同意rattle 这个词有“使人不安”的意思， 1969年出版的美国经典辞书 第一版收录了这一意思。 但人们不禁要问动词rattle 为何有了这个意思。 该词最早的使用发现于1273年前后记载的一个文件中的Johannes Ratellebagg 这个名字中； 1300年这个词第一次被用作普通名词（意为“飘扬，用于旗帜”），1330年又见于手抄的印本中。人们认为这个词可能来自原来可能是拟声词的中古德语ratelen 。 不过无论怎样，ratelen 这个词本来只是作为不及物动词来使用， 如发出嘎嘎声等意思。在中古英语中，“含糊不清地说出”这一及物动词的意思就已存在，该词其它的及物意思，如“使发出嘎嘎声”、“激起，唤醒”“嘎嘎响地急速向前拖”从16世纪开始就形成了。及物意思“使不安，”即“使某人惊慌”首先出现于1869年的美国作品中〔overlap〕To correspond in character or function:部分相同：在特性或功能上相似、相当：〔term〕spoke in rather vague terms; praised him in glowing terms.用相当隐晦的词讲述；用炫丽的词语称赞他〔craton〕A large portion of a continental plate that has been relatively undisturbed since the Precambrian era and includes both shield and platform layers.稳定地块：一块大范围的大陆板块，从前寒武纪时代以来就一直是相当宁静的，包括盾状物和平台层〔approach〕A fairly close resemblance; an approximation.接近：相当近似；接近〔rather〕To a certain extent; somewhat:相当地：达到一定程度地：〔lengthy〕Of considerable length, especially in time; extended:长久的，漫长的：拥有相当长度的，尤指在时间上；延长的：〔buccaneer〕The Errol Flynn-like figure of the buccaneer pillaging the Spanish Main may seem less dashing if we realize that the termbuccaneer corresponds to the word barbecuer. The first recorded use of the French wordboucanier, which was borrowed into English, referred to a person on the islands of Hispaniola and Tortuga who hunted wild oxen and boars and smoked the meat in a barbecue frame known in French as aboucan. This French word came from an Arawakan or Tupinamba word meaning "a rack, sometimes used for roasting or for storing things, or a racklike platform supporting an Indian house.”The original barbecuers seem to have subsequently adapted a more remunerative way of life, piracy,which accounts for the new meaning given to the word.Buccaneer is recorded first in 1661 in its earlier sense in English; the sense we are familiar with is recorded in 1690.如果我们认识到buccaneer 一词与 barbecuer 一词词意相当，那么象艾洛尔·弗里恩这样掠夺西班牙船只的海盗也许看起来不算是勇敢了。 法语词boucanier 借用到英语中最早记录下来的意义， 是指生活在伊斯帕尼奥拉岛和托丢伽岛上的人，他们猎野牛和野猪，在boucan 这种烧烤架上烤肉。 这个法语词来自阿拉瓦克语或图皮南巴语，意为“一种架子，有时用来炙烤或贮藏食物，或指架状平台，用来支撑印第安人的房子”。专事炙烤的土著后来适应了海上掠夺这一更有利可图的生活方式。这就是boucan一词为什么被赋予了新的意义。Buccaneer 的早些时候的意义于1661年最早用英语记录下来， 而我们所熟悉的该词的含义是于1690年记录下来的〔talkative〕Rather quiet at first, she grew very talkative over her second glass of sherry.一开始她相当沉寂，但在喝第二杯雪利酒时她开始变得非常健谈。〔long〕At or to a considerable distance; far:遥远的，远的：在或到达相当一段距离的；遥远的：〔beefy〕"a rather . . . beefy, densely colored wine"(Robert M. Parker, Jr.)“装得相当满的深色葡萄酒”(小罗伯特M.帕克)〔correspond〕To be similar or equivalent in character, quantity, origin, structure, or function:相似，相当：在特点、质量、产地、结构或功能上相似或相等：〔well〕To a considerable extent or degree:相当地：到可观的限度或程度地：〔widespread〕Spread or scattered over a considerable extent:分布广泛的，传得很广的：分布或散播到一个相当广的范围：〔Polypay〕Any of a breed of beige-colored sheep developed in the United States, raised for meat and wool and valued for their hardiness and frequent lambing.多利羊：美国培育的浅褐色绵羊，饲养目的是为了其羊肉和羊毛，强壮且多产，具有相当经济价值〔somewhat〕To some extent or degree; rather.相当：达到某种范围或程度；相当〔parity〕Functional equivalence, as in the weaponry or military strength of adversaries:势均力敌，相当：如在对立双方的武器或军事力量上功能的等同：〔millionaire〕A person whose wealth amounts to at least a million dollars, pounds, or the equivalent in other currency.百万富翁：财产总数至少有一百万美元、英磅或其他相当货币的人 |
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