| 单词 | 相比较 |
| 释义 | 〔rise〕Mount in this comparison connotes progressive climb to a higher level: Mount 与这些词相比较时表示朝更高水平的前进的攀登： 〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔chief〕Prime applies to what is first in comparison with others and to what is of the best quality: Prime 适用于与其它东西相比较处于第一位的东西以及质量最好的东西： 〔contrive〕from Medieval Latin contropāre [to compare] 源自 中世纪拉丁语 contropāre [把…相比较] 〔discord〕These nouns are compared as they mean a state of disagreement and disharmony.这些名词相比较是由于它们都表示一种不一致和不协调的状态。〔compare〕That little bauble is not to be compared with (not to ) this enormous jewel. 那个小摆设不能与（不是 to ） 这个大宝石相比较。 〔standardize〕To evaluate by comparing with a standard.按标准校对：与标准相比较来评估〔dark〕Of a shade tending toward black in comparison with other shades. Used of a color.有阴影的，暗色调的：和其他阴影相比较，属于趋向于黑色的阴影的。用于颜色〔cold〕Relative lack of warmth.冷淡：相比较缺乏热情〔hold〕To compare favorably with:与…相比较好：〔saving〕There is a widespread tendency to use the formsavings as a singular, as reflected in compounds such assavings account and savings bond ( note by contrast that one would not form compounds likeinvestments account, using an unambiguous plural). But the phrasea savings, though increasingly common, remains unacceptable to 57 percent of the Usage Panel;a saving is the only uncontroversial form. 有将savings 作为单数使用的普及的趋势， 如复合词savings account（储蓄帐户） 和 savings bond（储蓄债券） ( 注意到相比较之下，用并非模棱两可的复数形式是不能组成如investments account 的复合词的）。 但是短语a savings 虽然使用得日渐广泛， 但词语用法小组57%的成员仍不能接受；a saving 仍是不引起争论的唯一形式 〔comparable〕"The satellite revolution is comparable to Gutenberg's invention of movable type"(Irvin Molotsky)“卫星旋转可与谷登堡活字印刷的发明相比较”(欧文·莫洛特斯基)〔compact〕Occupying little space compared with others of its type:不占空间的：与同类型其他的相比较占的空间小的：〔backpropagation〕A common method of training a neural net in which the initial system output is compared to the desired output, and the system is adjusted until the difference between the two is minimized.反向传播，逆传送：训练神经系统网络的普遍方式，将初始系统输出同要求系统输出相比较，然后将系统调整到两输出间差距最小的状态〔lowland〕An area of land that is low in relation to the surrounding country.低地：与周围土地相比较低的地区〔potentiometer〕An instrument for measuring an unknown voltage by comparison to a standard voltage.电势计，电位计：通过与标准电压相比较而来测定未知电压的仪器〔baby〕Small in comparison with others of the same kind:小型的：和其它同类相比较小的：〔high〕Tall describes what has relatively great stature;it often refers to living things and to what has great height in relation to breadth or in comparison with like things: Tall 指有相对大的形体，一般用于生物和与同类相比较高的或较宽的事物： 〔lenis〕Articulated with relatively low pressure of the airstream below the glottis, as English (b) and (d) compared with (p) and (t).发音较不费力的，微弱的：用声门下相对较低压力的气流发音的，如英语中的(b)和(d)与(p)和(t)相比较〔fantastic〕 Fantastic in this comparison describes what seems to have slight relation to the real world because of its strangeness or extravagance: Fantastic 相比较之下有因妄想而离现实较远的意思： 〔neanthropic〕Of or relating to members of the extant speciesHomo sapiens as compared with other, now extinct species of Homo. 现在人的：属于或关于现在存在的人种的智人 和其他的现在灭绝的 人 的人种相比较 |
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