| 单词 | 相近 |
| 释义 | 〔example〕Specimen is sometimes synonymous withsample, but it often denotes an individual, representative member of a group or class: Specimen 有时同sample 意义相近， 但它更多地指一组或一类事物中个别的有代表性的成员： 〔stock〕A group of related families of languages.语族：一组相近语族的群体〔like〕Possessing the same or almost the same characteristics; similar:想似的：具有相同或几乎相同的特点；相近的：〔sponge〕Porous plastics, rubber, cellulose, or other material, similar in absorbency to this skeleton and used for the same purposes.人造海绵：多孔的塑料、橡胶、纤维质或其他物质，与海绵体的吸收性能相近，用于同等用途〔hard〕Near in space or time; close:接近地：在时间或空间上相近的；接近地：〔kindred〕Having a similar or related origin, nature, or character:类似的：具有相似或相近的起源，本性或性质的：〔indricothere〕A very large extinct land mammal(Indricotherium transouralicum) of the Oligocene and Miocene epochs, related to the rhinoceros and characterized by a long neck. It is thought to be the largest and heaviest land mammal, with an estimated height up to 5.2 meters (17 feet) and weight up to 15,750 kilograms (35,000 pounds). 长颈犀牛：属于渐新世及第三纪中新世的一种非常大型绝种陆地哺乳类动物（长颈犀牛） ，与犀牛血缘相近且以长颈为特征，他被认为是世界上最巨大且最重的哺乳类动物，估计高约达5.2米（17英尺），重约15,750公斤（35,000英镑） 〔toad〕Any of numerous tailless amphibians chiefly of the family Bufonidae, related to and resembling the frogs but characteristically more terrestrial and having a broader body and rougher, drier skin.蟾蜍：各种无尾，主要是蟾蜍科两栖动物中的任何一种，与蛙类有亲缘关系，外表相近，但蟾蜍明显地更有陆地性，身体更宽更粗糙，皮肤更干燥〔trilingual〕Using or able to use three languages, especially with equal or nearly equal fluency.三语种的：使用或能够使用三种语言的，尤指使用三种语言的流利程度相等或相近〔patas〕Any of several long-tailed terrestrial monkeys of the genusErythrocebus of western Africa that are closely related to the guenons, especially E. patas, which has reddish fur and a black nose. 赤猴：西部非洲的一种赤猴 属的长尾陆栖猴子，与长尾猴属动物十分相近，尤其是 赤猴 ，具有红色的毛和黑色的鼻子 〔typhoon〕Perhaps few words better illustrate the polyglot background of English thantyphoon, with its Chinese, Arabic, East Indian, and Greek background. The Greek wordtyphon, both the name of the father of the winds and a common noun meaning "whirlwind, typhoon,” was borrowed into Arabic (as was many a Greek word during the Middle Ages, when Arabic learning both preserved the classical heritage and expanded upon it, passing it on to Europe).Ùūfān, the Arabic version of the Greek word, passed into languages spoken in India,where Arabic-speaking Moslem invaders had settled in the 11th century.Thus the descendant of the Arabic word,passing into English (first recorded in 1588) through an Indian languageand appearing in English in forms such astouffon and tufan, originally referred specifically to a severe storm in India.China, another great empire, gave us yet another word for a storm,in this case the hurricane that occurred in the waters around China.This Chinese word in its Cantonese form,toi fung, was similar to our Arabic borrowing and is first recorded in English guise astuffoon in 1699. The various forms coalesced and finally becametyphoon. 也许很少有单词能像typhoon 一样表明汉语、阿拉伯语、东印度语和希腊语的多国语言背景。 希腊单词typhon 既是风神的姓名又是意为“旋风，台风”的普通名词， 被借入到阿拉伯语（就象在中世纪时许多希腊语单词进入阿拉伯语一样，那时，阿拉伯人的学问保存了古典的风格，同时在把它传向欧洲时又有所扩充）。Tufan ，希腊语的阿拉伯语形式， 传入到了印度人使用的语言，11世纪时讲阿拉伯语的穆斯林入侵者在印度定居下来。这样，阿拉伯语单词的衍生，从印度语言进入英语（最早记载于1588年），并以如touffon 和 tufan 的形式出现于英语中， 最先特指印度的猛烈风暴。中国，另一个大帝国，给了我们风暴的另一个单词，这里指的是在中国附近洋面发生的飓风。汉语单词的广东语形式toi fung 同我们的阿拉伯语借用词相近， 最早以tuffoon 的形式于1699年载入英语。 各种形式合并在一起最后变成了typhoon 〔yonder〕The adverbyonder, from Old English geond, is not exclusively Southern but is more frequently used there than in any other region of the United States,and not only by older or uneducated speakers.Yonder is not merely a Southern synonym for there, which in the South tends to mean "only a few feet from the speaker.”Yonder carries with it an inherent sense of distance farther than "there" and is used if the person or thing indicated can be seen at all: the shed over yonder. Or it might be nearby but completely out of sight, as in the next room.副词yonder ，来自古英语的 geond， 并不是南方专用的，但是比美国任何其它地区都更常用，而且也不仅仅是老人或未受教育者才用它。在南方yonder 并不仅仅是 there 的同义词， 它还表示“距说话者仅几英尺开外”。Yonder 带有比"there"距离更远这一内在的含义， 并用于表示所示的人或事在视线以内： 那边的窝棚 ，或者极为相近但完全在视线以外，如在另一个房间内〔Ponca〕The Siouan language of the Ponca, dialectally related to Omaha.篷卡语：篷卡人讲的苏语，方言上和奥玛哈语相近〔gourmet〕Agourmet is a person with discriminating taste in food and wine, as is agourmand. Gourmandcan also mean one who enjoys food in great quantities. Anepicure is much the same as a gourmet, but the word may sometimes carry overtones of excessive refinement.gourmet 是指对食物和酒的味道有鉴别力的人， 这个意思跟gourmand 相同。 Gourmand还有一个意思是指吃大量食物的人。 epicure 与 gourmet 意思更相近， 但这个词有时候有过度挑剔食物的含义〔neighbor〕A person, place, or thing adjacent to or located near another.位置相近的人或事物：接近于一个人或位于其附近的人、地方或事物〔runic〕Runic The Germanic language of the oldest runic inscriptions from northern Europe, dating to between the third and sixth centuriesa.d., and considered by some to be close to or identical with the putative common ancestor of the North and West Germanic languages. Runic 北欧古字碑文：北欧最早古碑文上的日耳曼语，年代在公元 三世纪和六世纪之间，其被某些人认为与北部和西部日耳曼语的推定起源相近或相同 〔marguerite〕Any of several similar or related plants having daisylike flowers.雏菊花：任意一种开有类似或与雏菊花相近的花朵的植物〔parallel〕The condition of being parallel; near similarity or exact agreement in particulars; parallelism.平行状态，近似，类似：相近的状况；非常相似或在细节上完全一致；类似〔fear〕Old Englishfǣr, the ancestor of our word fear, meant "calamity, disaster,”but not the emotion engendered by such an event.This is in line with the meaning of the prehistoric Common Germanic word.fēraz, "danger,” which is the source of words with similar senses in other Germanic languages,such as Old Saxon and Old High Germanfār, "ambush, danger,” and Old Icelandic fār, "treachery, damage.” Scholars, in fact, have determined the form and meaning of Germanic.fēraz by working backward from the forms and the meanings of its descendants. The most important cause of the change of meaning in the wordfear was probably the existence in Old English of the related verb fǣran, which meant "to terrify, take by surprise.” Fear is first recorded in Middle English with the sense "emotion of fear" in a work composed around 1290.古英语f?r 是 fear 的前身， 意为“不幸，灾难”，而不是因不幸或灾难引起的情绪。这符合史前普通日耳曼词feraz 的意思“危险的”， 是其他日耳曼语言中有相近意思的词的起源，如古撒克逊语和古高地德语far， “埋伏，危险，”和古冰岛语 far “挖掘，破坏”。 事实上，学者们已经通过对它的衍生词的形式和意思的反向研究决定德语feraz 的形式和意思。 引起词语fear 变化的最重要原因可能是古英语中相关动词 f?ran的存在， 意为“害怕，被惊奇抓住。” Fear 第一次在中世纪英语作为“害怕的情绪”被记录下来是在一部约1290年左右创作的作品中〔anger〕Rage and fury are closely related in the sense of intense, explosive, often destructive emotion: Rage 和 fury 在表示强烈的、一触即发的、通常是有破坏性的感情时意义相近：〔spree〕A spending spree seems a far cry from a cattle raid,yet etymologists have suggested that the wordspree comes from the Scots word spreath, "cattle raid.” The wordspree is first recorded in a poem in Scots dialect in 1804 in the sense of "a lively outing.” This sense is closely connected with a sense recorded soon afterward (in 1811), "a drinking bout,”while the familiar sense "an overindulgence in an activity,”as in aspending spree, is recorded in 1849. Scots and Irish dialect also have a sense "a fight,”which may help connect the word and the sense "lively outing" with the Scots wordspreath, meaning variously, "booty,” "cattle taken as spoils,” "a herd of cattle taken in a raid,” and "cattle raid.” The Scots word comes from Irish and Scottish Gaelicspréidh, "cattle,” which in turn ultimately comes from Latin praeda, "booty.” This last link reveals both the importance of the Latin language to Gaelicand a connection between cattle and plunder in earlier Irish and Scottish societies.狂欢作乐似乎与牛的袭击相去甚远，然而词源学表明spree 来自苏格兰语 spreath “牛的袭击”。 Spree 在1804年首次出现于苏格兰方言写成的一首诗中，意为“活跃的出游”。 这个意思与不久之后(1811年）出现的意思“狂饮”很接近，而相近的意思“无节制的狂热行为”，比如spending spree 于1849年出现。 苏格兰和爱尔兰方言还有“打架”的意思，这可能有助于将该词同其意义与苏格兰语spreath 的不同意思相联系，这些意思为“战利品”、“作为掠夺品的牛”、“袭击中所得的一群牛”或“牛袭击”。 这个苏格兰词来自爱尔兰和苏格兰盖尔人的语言 spréidh “牛”（此词最终源自拉丁语 praeda “战利品”）。 这一最后的联系不仅表明拉丁语同盖尔语的重要联系，也表明早期爱尔兰和苏格兰社会中牛和劫掠的联系〔imitate〕a building that evokes the neoclassic style of architecture without copying it. Tomimic is to make a close imitation, as of another's actions, speech, or mannerisms, often with an intent to ridicule: 一座再现新古典主义建筑风格但没有照搬的建筑物。 mimic 是对他人的动作，话语或特殊习惯等作相近的模仿， 经常是为了取笑： 〔tayra〕A small South American carnivore(Eira barbata) closely related to the marten, having a broad head, slender body, and short dense fur. 狐鼬：产于南美洲的一种小型食肉动物（白头鼬 鼠鼬科） ，与貂非常相近，具有阔头、纤细的身体和短而浓密的毛， 〔rent〕When young people talk about theirrents, that is, their parents, they are using a slang term that is of interest to language historians, if not necessarily thrilling for parents themselves. The term is a prime example of one of the fundamental characteristics of slang, which continually creates novel ways of expressing what are often rather ordinary things (if parents may be considered ordinary things). Slang has recently produced two expressions for "parents" that have gained wide currency— rents and parental units. Both expressions demonstrate slang's use of unusual or creative linguistic means to achieve novelty of expression. While there are many slang terms, such as bod for body or rad for radical, that result from the clipping of unstressed syllables, rents is a clipping that drops a stressed syllable, much like the similar term za, "pizza.” The desire to coin new ways of referring to things also leads speakers of slang to use circumlocutions like knuckle sandwich for "punch.” Parental units falls into this category. It plays on the jargon of bureaucrats and social science, in which the world is viewed as so much data waiting to be quantified. The appearance of terms such as rents and parental units also shows that all available styles and levels of language can be grist for slang's mill—so long as the material is perceived as irreverent, funny, or just plain cool. 年轻人谈论他们的rents （即父母）时，即使肯定不会令他们的父母感到兴奋，他们却使用了一个令语言历史学家很感兴趣的俚语。Rents是俚语一个基本特色的典范，这一基本特色就是不断创造新颖词汇来表示通常极为普通的事物（如果父母会被认为是普通事物的话）。最近俚语中产生了两个"父（母）亲"的词语并被普遍使用── rents 和 parental units 。这两个词语表明俚语用不同寻常的或创造性的语言工具来获取表达上的新颖。虽然因省略非重读音节产生了许多俚语词汇，如用 bod 指body、用 rad 指radical，但 rents 却是省略重读音节后的部分，非常类似相近词汇 za "pizza（比萨饼）"。期望创造指代事物的新词也使得满口俚语的人运用赘语，如用 knuckle sandwich 指"punch（用拳击）"。 Parental units 也属于赘语的范围。它用作官僚主义者的行话以及科学术语，因为对于官僚主义者和科学工作者来讲世界就是等待量化的大量数据。诸如 rents 和 parental units 这些俚语的出现也表明语言现有的全部风格和水平都是俚语的有益补充──只要认为内容是不敬的、有趣的或者纯粹扮酷的 〔parallel〕One that closely resembles or is analogous to another:相似之物：与另一个非常相近或相似的东西：〔stock〕A group of related languages.语系：一组相近的语言〔heath〕Any of various usually low-growing shrubs of the genusErica and related genera, native to Europe and South Africa and having small evergreen leaves and small, colorful, urn-shaped flowers. Also called heather 杜鹃花科植物：多种通常矮生的欧石南 属或相近属种的灌木，源于欧洲和南非，长有常绿的叶子和小且为瓮状的色彩绚丽的花 也作 heather〔stratum〕A level of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status.阶层：由社会、文化、经济地位相近的人组成的社会层次〔silverrod〕An eastern North American plant(Solidago bicolor) related to the goldenrods but having white rather than yellow flower heads. 多枝阿福花：一种产于北美东部的植物（二色一枝黄花） 属，与一种黄花属植物相近，但有白色而不是黄色的头状花序 〔after〕With the same or close to the same name as; in honor or commemoration of:纪念，以…命名：与…名字有相同或相近的名字；为纪念…：〔hybrid〕Something, such as a computer or power plant, having two kinds of components that produce the same or similar results.并合式之物：某物（如计算机或发电厂）有两种组成部分，但其效果相同或相近〔close〕a close copy.极相近的复制品〔actinia〕A sea anemone or a related animal.海葵：海葵或与之相近的动物〔wing〕Close by in the background; available at short notice:在近旁，在眼前：在背景上相近；简短公告中会有：〔hydra〕Any of several small freshwater polyps of the genusHydra and related genera, having a naked cylindrical body and an oral opening surrounded by tentacles. 水螅：任何几种水螅 属或相近属的小型的、淡水珊瑚虫，身体呈圆柱形、表面无鳞甲，口部周围有触须 〔annoy〕Irritate is closely related but somewhat stronger: Irritate 词意思相近但程度上强一些： 〔film〕One indication of the gulf between us and our Victorian predecessorsis that theOxford English Dictionary fascicle containing the word film, published in 1896, does not have the sense "a motion picture.” The one hint of the future to be found among still familiar older senses of the word,such as "a thin skin or membranous coating" or "an abnormal thin coating on the cornea,”is the sense offilm used in photography, a sense referring to a coating of material, such as gelatin,that could substitute for a photographic plate or be used on a plate or on photographic paper.Thus a word that has been with us since Old English times took on this new use,first recorded in 1845,which has since developed and now refers to an art form,a sense first recorded in 1920.我们同我们维多利亚时代祖先之间的巨大隔阂的表现，就是1896年出版的《牛津英语词典》 分册包含的 film 一词没有“电影”这个含义。 在当中发现的对未来的提示仍然同这个词的旧有意思相近，例如“一层薄的皮或覆盖的薄膜”或“角膜上一种不正常的薄的覆盖物”，就是film 用于摄影的含义， 意思指覆盖物，如胶，可以代替感光板或用于感光板上或在相纸之上。因此从古英语时代出现这个新用法开始，这个词已同我们在一起了，在1845年首次被记录，随着时代发展并指一门艺术形式，这个含义于1920年才首次记录〔Montauk〕The Algonquian language of the Montauk, dialectally related to Mohegan and Pequot.蒙托克语：蒙托克族的阿尔冈昆语，与莫希干和佩科特方言相近〔Cayuse〕The extinct traditional language of the Cayuse, not closely related to any other.卡尤塞语：卡尤塞人已失传的传统语言，与任何其它语言都不相近〔Abraham〕A field adjoining the upper part of Quebec City, Canada. In 1759 the British under Gen. James Wolfe defeated the French under Gen. Louis Montcalm in a decisive battle of the French and Indian Wars. The victory led to British supremacy in Canada.亚伯拉罕平原：与加拿大魁北克城北部相近的一片土地。1759年在法国和印度之战中，英国人在詹姆斯·沃尔夫将军的带领下，在这场决定性战役中击败了路易斯·蒙特卡姆将军率领的法国军队，这场胜利使英国在加拿大占据了优势地位 |
| 随便看 |
|
英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。