| 单词 | 看起来 |
| 释义 | 〔falsie〕Padding or a pad worn inside a brassiere to make the breasts appear larger. Often used in the plural.假乳房：在乳罩里面垫衬或填料以使乳房看起来更大。常用复数〔look〕a look of great age.看起来年头很久〔midwife〕The wordmidwife is the sort of word whose etymology is perfectly clear until one tries to figure it out.Wife would seem to refer to the woman giving birth, who is usually a wife,butmid ? A knowledge of older senses of words helps us with this puzzle.Wife in its earlier history meant "woman,” as it still did when the compoundmidwife was formed in Middle English (first recorded around 1300). Mid is probably a preposition, meaning "together with.”Thus amidwife was literally a "with woman" or "a woman who assists other women in childbirth.” Even though obstetrics has been rather resistant to midwifery until fairly recently,the etymology ofobstetric is rather similar, going back to the Latin wordobstetrīx, "a midwife,” from the verbobstāre, "to stand in front of,” and the feminine suffix -trix; theobstetrīx would thus literally stand in front of the baby. 单词midwife 属于那类语源看起来相当明了的词， 可当人们试着搞清楚时，才发现并不那么简单。Wife 似乎是指临产的妇女， 通常都身为人妇，但是mid 指的是什么呢？ 通过了解词语原有的含义我们可以解开这个谜。Wife 早期时意指“妇女”， 当midwife 这个复合词在中古英语中形成的时候它仍然有此含义（首次记载于1300年前后）。 Mid 有可能是个介词， 意为“与…在一起”。这样midwife 字面上的意思就是“与妇女在一起”或者“帮助临产妇女生产的妇女”。 虽然直到近期产科学还一直抵制助产术一词，但是obstetric 的语源却与其很相似。 它可以上溯到拉丁词语obstetrix 意为“接生者”， 该词由动词obstare “站在…的前面”再加上阴性后缀 -trix 构成； 于是obstetrix 这个词字面上的意思是站在婴儿前面的人 〔sad〕"His sorrow . . . made him look . . . haggard and . . . woebegone" (George du Maurier).“他的悲伤…使他看起来…憔悴且…愁眉苦脸” （乔治·杜·莫里耶）。〔finesse〕A stratagem in which one appears to decline an advantage.策略：一种某人看起来优势减弱的策略〔myopia〕A visual defect in which distant objects appear blurred because their images are focused in front of the retina rather than on it; nearsightedness. Also called short sight 近视：一种视觉缺陷，由于它们的图象在视网膜前聚焦而不是在视网膜上，所以远处物体看起来模糊不清的 也作 short sight〔dictate〕a separation seemingly ordained by fate;看起来是命运注定的分离；〔riff〕"Those little riffs that had seemed to have such sparkle over drinks by the . . . pool look all too embarrassing in cold print"(John Richardson)“同毫无生气的印刷品中看起来极为窘迫的记者团相比，…那些短小的即兴谈话则好象浮在酒面的泡沫”(约翰·理查森)〔lean〕a rawboned cowhand with a weather-beaten, tanned face.一位瘦弱的牛仔，脸晒得黑黑的，看起来饱经风霜。〔straddle〕To appear to favor both sides of (an issue).对…骑墙，观望：看起来对（一件事的）两方面都持赞成态度〔dogma〕from dokein [to seem, think] * see dek- 源自 dokein [看起来像，考虑] * 参见 dek- 〔dumpy〕"The place had a dark and dumpy look"(Washington Post)“这地方看起来阴暗而肮脏”(华盛顿邮报)〔date〕Pictures of old cars date the book.旧式汽车的图片使这本书看起来很旧〔like〕Writers since Chaucer's time have usedlike as a conjunction, but 19th-century and 20th-century critics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse.Prudence requiresThe dogs howled as (not like ) we expected them to. Likeis more acceptably used as a conjunction in informal style with verbs such as feel, look, seem, sound, and taste, as inIt looks like we are in for a rough winter. But here tooas if is to be preferred in formal writing. There can be no objection to the use oflike as a conjunction when the following verb is not expressed, as inHe took to politics like a duck to water. See Usage Note at as 1together 自乔叟年代起，作家就把like 当作连接词用， 但19世纪和20世纪的批评家强烈谴责这种用法，在正式文体中使用这种结构的作家就有可能被指责为文盲或者更糟。为谨慎起见，就写狗不象 （而不是 like ） 我们想的那样叫。 Like在非正式文体中可作为连词和动词如 feel, look, seem, sound 及 taste 连用， 如在看起来我们将有一个难熬的冬天 中。 但这句如果出现于正式文体中人们更倾向于用as if 。 如果其后的动词无明确含义时，将like 作为连接词是不会有任何异议的， 如他对政治简直是如鱼得水 参见 as1together〔black〕The achromatic color value of minimum lightness or maximum darkness; the color of objects that absorb nearly all light of all visible wavelengths; one extreme of the neutral gray series, the opposite being white. Although strictly a response to zero stimulation of the retina, the perception of black appears to depend on contrast with surrounding color stimuli.黑色：最小亮度或最大暗度的消色差的明暗度配合；能吸收几乎所有可见波长的所有光的物体的颜色；中性灰色系列的一个极端，白色的相反物。虽然在严格意义上黑色是视网膜对零剌激的反应，但看起来黑色的感应是依靠与周围颜色刺激对比而得来的〔push〕To have one's time taken up by administrative, often seemingly petty, paperwork:做琐碎的工作：把时间花在行政性的、经常看起来是琐碎的文字工作上：〔look〕He looks his age. She dressed up to look the part.他看起来与他的年龄相符。他化了妆以便看起来合乎身份〔look〕To have an appearance of conformity with:符合：看起来与…一致：〔inner〕"Beethoven's manuscript looks like a bloody record of a tremendous inner battle"(Leonard Bernstein)“贝多芬的手稿看起来就象一场可怕的内心思想斗争的血淋淋的记录”(伦纳德·伯恩斯坦)〔idea〕He seems to have absolutely no concept of time.他看起来根本没有时间观念。〔sack〕The wordsack may seem an odd candidate for preserving a few thousand years of history, but this word for an ordinary thing probably goes back to Middle Eastern antiquity.Sack owes its long history to the fact that it and its ancestors denoted an object that was used in trade between peoples. Thus the Greeks got their wordsakkos, "a bag made out of coarse cloth or hair,” from the Phoenicians with whom they traded. We do not know the Phoenician word,but we know words that are akin to it,such as Hebrewsaq and Akkadian saqqu. The Greeks then passed the sack, as it were, to the Latin-speaking Romans, who transmitted their wordsaccus, "a large bag or sack,” to the Germanic tribes with whom they traded, who gave it the form .sakkiz (other peoples as well have taken this word from Greek or Latin, including speakers of Welsh, Russian, Polish, and Albanian).The speakers of Old English, a Germanic language, used two forms of the word,sæc, from .sakkiz, and sacc, directly from Latin; the second Old English form is the ancestor of oursack. sack 这个词具有几百年的历史看起来可能很奇怪， 但这个词用来指一件普通的物品大概可追溯到古代中东。Sack 的长久历史归功于它和它的前身，即指用于人们之间贸易的一个物品。 因此希腊人从与他们做买卖的腓尼基人处得到sakkos 这个词，指“用粗布或毛发制成的袋子”。 我们不懂腓尼基语指什么，但知道一些与它相关的词，如希伯莱语中的Saq 和阿卡德语中的 Saqqu。 希腊人于是又把这个词传到说拉丁语的罗马人中，罗马人把他们的词saccus （“大袋子，大麻袋”）传给与他们做贸易的日耳曼人部落，他们用 Sakkiz 这种形式 （其他民族也从希腊语或拉丁语中得到这个词，其中包括说威尔士语、俄语、波兰语和阿尔巴尼亚语的人们）。讲古英语（一种日耳曼语言）的人用这个词的两种形式：源自sakkiz 的 sæc 和源自拉丁语的 sacc ； 这第二种古英语的形式是我们现在的sack 的前身 〔faubourg〕The close political ties between Scotland and France during the 15th through 17th centuries were reflected in linguistic borrowing from French to Scots,as in the case offaubourg, a synonym for suburb. In Englandfaubourg seems to have lost the competition with the more popular suburb. However, in contemporary American English the word still exists,although it is virtually confined to the city of New Orleans, where,in fact,faubourg remains in use because of the city's French background. Even there it is used not as a common noun likesuburb but in combination in the names of various quarters of the city,for example,Faubourg Sainte Marie. These city districts, like their counterparts in Paris,such asFaubourg Saint-Germain and Faubourg Saint-Antoine, originally lay outside the city limits, hence the designationfaubourg, originally from Old French fors, "outside,” and borc, "town.” As the population grew outward,these former suburbs became part of the city proper.在苏格兰语对法语语言上的借用反应了15世纪到17世纪之间苏格兰与法国紧密的政治纽带，例如faubourg， 是 suburb 的同义词。 在英国，faubourg 看起来已丧失了与更流行的 suburb 的竞争力。 然而，在当代美国英语中，这个词仍然存在，尽管实际上它限于新奥尔良城。事实上，faubourg 保持在新奥尔良的使用是因为这个城市的法语背景。 它甚至不是像suburb 那样作为一个普通名词使用， 而是与城市的不同区的名字连在一起，例如圣玛丽亚区 。 这些城区，就像它们在巴黎的对应地区，如圣格梅茵区 和 圣安东尼区 一样，一般位于城区的外围， 因此名称faubourg 源自于古法语 fors ，“外面”，和 borc， “城镇”。 随着人口的向外增长，这些前郊区成了城区的一部分〔indefatigable〕Incapable or seemingly incapable of being fatigued; tireless.See Synonyms at tireless 不懈怠的：不能或看起来不能疲倦的；不知劳累的 参见 tireless〔permanent〕In this world of impermanenceit seems that we have tried to hold on to a few things at least by using the wordpermanent. Coming ultimately from the present participlepermanēns of Latin permanēre, "to endure,” Middle Englishpermanent (first recorded around 1425) also had to do with the enduring and the stable. When we consider some of the applications of this adjective,as inpermanent press, permanent tooth, we are struck by the relative evanescence of the so-called permanent.But perhaps never more so than in the case of the permanent wave.When asked what this phenomenon was,one journalist wrote in 1932,“(so far as my experience goes): a wave that is anything but permanent.”在这个无常的世界里，看起来我们已经试图保持一些事物，至少通过使用permanent 这个词来保持。 最终来自意为“持久，持续”的拉丁文permanere 的现在分词 permanens， 中世纪英语permanent （大约在1425年首次记录）也与持久和稳固的意思有关。 当我们考虑这个形容词的一些用法时，例如在句子耐久熨压,恒牙 中， 我们便会想到所谓永恒的相对的短暂性。但可能从不会因波浪式发型而想到此。当被问到这种现象是怎么回事时，一个新闻记者于1932年写道：“（以我的经验而言）：卷曲发型恰恰不是永恒的”〔foolish〕seems to take pride in making fatuous remarks.看起来非常得意地说这些愚蠢的话。〔swing〕"The ruins of the ancient church seemed actually to rock and threaten to fall" (Sir Walter Scott).“古教堂的遗址看起来确实在晃动且岌岌可危” （瓦尔特·司各特爵士）。〔comet〕Comets have been feared throughout much of human history,and even in our own time their goings and comings receive great attention.Perhaps a comet might seem less awesome if we realized that our name for it is based on a figurative resemblance between it and human beings.This figurative name is recorded first in the works of Aristotle,in which he useskomē, the Greek word for "hair of the head,” to mean "luminous tail of a comet.” Aristotle then uses the derived wordkomētēs, "wearing long hair,” as a noun meaning "comet.” The Greek word was adopted into Latin ascomētēs, which was refashioned in Late Latin and given the formcomēta, furnishing Old English with comēta, the earliest English ancestor of our wordcomet. 在大多数人类历史期间，人们害怕彗星，甚至在我们自己的时代彗星的到来与离去仍受到很大注意。如果我们认识到我们对它的名字是基于它和人在外形上的相似性，也许彗星看起来就不太可怕了。比喻的名字首先记录在亚里士多德的著作中，他使用的kome 是希腊语中意为“头发”的词，表示“彗星明亮的尾巴。 然后亚里士多德使用导出的单词kometes “戴长发”，作为名词意义的"comet"。 希腊单词被采用到拉丁语为cometes， 它再形成晚期拉丁语，给定形式为cometa， 以 cometa 的形式出现于老式英语， 这就是我们单词comet 的最早英语原形 〔water〕"It seemed clear by late autumn that the ban would be significantly watered down or removed altogether before the trade bill became law"(George R. Packard)“到晚秋时，这项禁令看起来会被大大削弱或在贸易法案成为法律之前完全撤销”(乔治R.帕卡德)〔camouflage〕The method or result of concealing personnel or equipment from an enemy by making them appear to be part of the natural surroundings.伪装，掩饰：通过使人或设施看起来像自然环境的一部分来隐藏他们不被敌人觉察的方法或结果〔blip〕"The decline in the share of GNP going to health . . . appears to be a one-time blip in the historic trend rather than the start of a new trend"(Atlantic)“国民生产总值的下降趋于缓和…看起来只是历史潮流中一个暂时现象，而不是一个新潮流的开始”(大西洋)〔artifice〕"His sincerity, although often aided by the actor's artifice, seems genuine" (Richard Cohen). “他的诚意，虽然常常受到演员机智的支持，但看起来是真的” （理查德·科恩）。〔hyaloid〕Glassy or transparent in appearance; hyaline.玻璃样的，透明的：看起来象玻璃的或透明的；玻璃般的〔faceless〕faceless soldiers guarding the compound; a faceless industrial conglomerate.面无表情的士兵守卫着有围墙的大宅院；看起来相似的企业集团〔specious〕Aspecious argument is not simply a false one but one that has the ring of truth.Those aware of the specialized use of the word may therefore sense a certain contradiction in hearing an argument described asobviously specious or specious on the face of things; if the fallaciousness is apparent,the argument was probably not plausible-sounding to begin with.一种似是而非的 论点并不只是一个错误的论点， 而是指貌似正确的论点。那些意识到这个词的特殊用法的人听到这种“显然是似是而非的” 或 “就表面看起来有理的” 论点时，会因此感到某些矛盾； 如果此论点错误很明显的话，这样的论点可能一开始就不会让人觉得有道理〔old〕Having or exhibiting the physical characteristics of age:看起来年老的：表现出老年的生理特征或看来已老的：〔boring〕 tiresome fatigues because it seems to be interminable or to be marked by unremitting sameness: tiresome 的东西令人厌倦是因为它看起来无穷无尽或毫无变化： 〔ceremonious〕Their ceremonious greetings did not seem heartfelt.他们礼节性的欢迎看起来并不是出于真心的〔votary〕"The almighty dollar, that great object of universal devotion throughout our land,seems to have no genuine devotees in these peculiar villages" (Washington Irving).Ahabitué regularly frequents a place, especially one offering a particular pleasurable activity: “那看起来在我们全部领土上令人一致献身的伟大物质——全能的美元，在这奇怪的村庄里看起来没有真正的追随者” （华盛顿·欧文）。habitue 固定地爱去某个地方， 尤指提供特定的娱乐活动的地方： 〔thick〕Having or suggesting a heavy or viscous consistency:稠的：浓度大或粘稠的，或看起来好像浓度大或粘稠的：〔seem〕looks happy. 看起来很幸福 |
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