| 单词 | 真实的 |
| 释义 | 〔verity〕The quality or condition of being true, factual, or real.真实性；确实：真实的、真正的或确实的性质或状况〔what〕The fundamentals and details of a situation or process; the true state or condition.局势或过程的原理或细节；真实的状态〔veracious〕Honest; truthful.诚实的；真实的〔proof〕The evidence or argument that compels the mind to accept an assertion as true.证据，证物：迫使思想接受断言为真实的证据或论辩〔genuine〕Actual; real:真的；真实的：〔substantive〕Not imaginary; actual; real.真实的，实际的〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔Apocrypha〕Middle English apocripha [not authentic] 中古英语 apocripha [不真实的] 〔substantial〕True or real; not imaginary.真实的，非想象的〔falsify〕To make untrue statements; lie.不合真实的宣告；说谎〔take〕To consider as true, real, or forthcoming; anticipate correctly.想当然：认为…是真实的、正确的或会要发生的；料想…是正确的〔bastard〕Not genuine; spurious:不真实的；伪造的，假的：〔admit〕To grant to be real, valid, or true; acknowledge:承认，确认：承认是真实的，有事实根据的或正确的；承认：〔airy〕Immaterial; illusory; unreal:不确实的；虚幻的；不真实的：〔colorable〕Meant to deceive; not genuine.欺骗的：欺骗的；不真实的〔mask〕To conceal one's real personality, character, or intentions.隐瞒，掩饰：掩盖住某人真实的个性、性格或目的〔unsworn〕unsworn statements by witnesses.证人所产的未经宣誓以保证其真实的证词〔semidocumentary〕A book, movie, or television program presenting a fictional story that incorporates many factual details or actual events.半记实性作品：表现一个虚构的故事，但加入了许多真实的细节或实际发生的事件的书、电影或电视节目〔plumb〕A weight on the end of a line, used especially by masons and carpenters to establish a true vertical.锤铊：系在一条线末端的重物，尤指被石匠和木匠用来建立一条真实的垂线〔imaginary〕Having existence only in the imagination; unreal.想象中的，虚幻的：只在想象中存在的；不真实的〔story〕An account or a recital of an event or a series of events, either true or fictitious.故事：对于一场事件或一系列事件的描述或复述，可能为真实的，也可能为虚构的〔objective〕Of or having to do with a material object.真实的，实体的：物质的，与物质有关的〔concrete〕Existing in reality or in real experience; perceptible by the senses; real:真实的：在现实或真实经历中存在的；感觉能察觉到的；真实的：〔sworn〕Having been asserted as true under oath:起誓保证的：发誓以证明所说的是真实的：〔solipsism〕The theory or view that the self is the only reality.唯我主义：认为自我是唯一的真实的理论或观点〔presume〕Historical linguists posit a common ancestor from which both Romance and Germanic languages descend. Toassume is to accept something as existing or being true without proof or on inconclusive grounds: 历史语言学家认为罗斯语系和德语语系由同一种语言演变而来。 Assume 是指在没有证据或不确定的情况下认为某事是存在的或是真实的： 〔honest〕Not deceptive or fraudulent; genuine:真实的：非欺骗性的；真实的：〔fictive〕Not genuine; sham.虚伪的；不真实的〔authenticity〕The quality or condition of being authentic, trustworthy, or genuine.真实性：具有真实的，可信赖的及真诚的性质或状态〔fiction〕An imaginative creation or a pretense that does not represent actuality but has been invented.捏造，想象：虚构的作品或托词，并不代表是真实的，而是被编造出来的〔tangible〕Possible to be treated as fact; real or concrete:确实的，真实的：有可能被当作事实来对待的；真实的或具体的：〔realize〕from real [real] * see real 1源自 real [真实的] * 参见 real1〔dishonest〕made an untruthful statement.As experiments are completed the hypothesis seems increasingly untruthful.做了不真实的叙述。实验结束后，这种假说好象增加了不真实性。〔if〕We shall soon learn whether (or if ) it is true. 我们很快就会知道这是否（或 if ) 是真实的。 〔sooth〕Real; true.真实的；真正的〔real〕Being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verifiable existence:真实的：以实际或真实状态存在或发生的；已证实存在的：〔pretended〕Not genuine or sincere; feigned:不真实的，不诚实的；假的：〔valid〕Correctly inferred or deduced from a premise:逻辑上真实的：从前提正确地推断或演绎的：〔actual〕Based on fact:真实的，现实的：以事实为基础的：〔veracity〕from Latin vērāx vērāc- [true] * see veracious 源自 拉丁语 vērāx vērāc- [真实的] * 参见 veracious |
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