| 单词 | 睡眠 |
| 释义 | 〔little〕works long hours, sleeping little.长时间工作，睡眠很少〔mesmerism〕When the members of an audience sit mesmerized by a speaker,their reactions do not take the form of dancing, sleeping, or falling into convulsions.But if Franz Anton Mesmer were addressing the audience,such behavior could be expected.Mesmer, a visionary 18th-century physician,believed cures could be effected by having patients do thingssuch as sit with their feet in a fountain of magnetized waterwhile holding cables attached to magnetized trees.Mesmer then came to believe that magnetic powers resided in himself,and during highly fashionable curative sessions in Parishe caused his patients to have reactions ranging from sleeping or dancing to convulsions.These reactions were actually brought about by hypnotic powers that Mesmer was unaware he possessed.One of his pupils, named Puységur, then used the termmesmerism (first recorded in English in 1802) for Mesmer's practices. The related wordmesmerize (first recorded in English in 1829), having shed its reference to the hypnotic doctor, lives on in the sense "to enthrall.”当一群观众被一位演讲者深深吸引时，他们的反应方式不会是舞蹈、睡眠或哄堂大笑。但是如果换了弗兰茨·奥顿·梅斯梅尔来给这群听众作演讲的话，那么这些行为是有可能发生的。梅斯梅尔，这位18世纪眼光远大的医师，认为可以通过诸如以下方法来治疗疾病，即让病人把脚放在有磁性的水中，同时手执与磁力场相连接的电线。此后，梅斯梅尔又认为他自己体内就存在着磁力，并且他在巴黎推行他的治疗方法的过程中，他又使他的病人们作出了睡眠、舞蹈直至抽搐等各种反应。这些反应实际上是他所拥有的催眠力导致的，但他自己却不知道自己拥有这样的力量。后来，梅斯梅尔的一个叫做皮勒塞格尔的学生采用了mesmerism （在英语中始见于1802年）这一字眼来给梅斯梅尔的治疗方法命名。 另一相关词汇mesmerize （在英语中始见于1829年）则摒弃了与这位催眠医师的关系， 现在这个词意是“迷惑住”〔slumber〕To pass (time) in sleep.用睡眠消磨（时间）〔latent〕Dormant evokes the idea of sleep;the term applies to what is inactive or in suspended animation: Dormant 含有睡眠的意思；这个词含有处于不活跃状态或暂停状态： 〔sleep〕A state of inactivity resembling or suggesting sleep, unconsciousness, dormancy, hibernation, or death.不活动，无意识状态：不活动的状态，类似或使人想到睡眠、无意识、休眠、冬眠或死亡〔dream〕A series of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations occurring involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep.梦：在睡眠的一定阶段在头脑中不自然地出现的一系列形象、想法、情感和感觉〔euphemism〕"Euphemisms such as ‘slumber room’ . . . abound in the funeral business"(Jessica Mitford)“委婉语‘睡眠的房间’，在葬礼业常用”(杰西卡·米特福德)〔bushed〕"I once stayed awake seven years on end. Not even a nap. Boy, was I bushed"(Martin Amis)“我曾经有七年完全没有睡眠。甚至没有打一个盹儿。孩子，我疲惫极了”(马丁·埃米斯)〔dormitory〕from dormītōrius [of sleep] 源自 dormītōrius [睡眠的] 〔sopor〕A deep, lethargic, or unnatural sleep.昏睡：沉睡、昏睡或者非自然的睡眠〔sleepwalking〕The act or an instance of walking or performing another activity associated with wakefulness while asleep or in a sleeplike state. Also called noctambulism ,somnambulism 梦游症：在睡眠中或在类似睡眠的状态中走动或做其它与清醒状态相关的动作的行动或事件 也作 noctambulism,somnambulism〔Benchley〕American humorist, critic, and actor whose works, including the filmHow to Sleep (1935) and the book My Ten Years in a Quandary (1936), often pitted an average American against the complexities of modern life. 本奇利，罗伯特·查尔斯：(1889-1945) 美国幽默家、讽刺家和演员，其作品有电影《如何睡眠》 （1935年）和书作 《我艰难的十年》 （1936年），常写普通美国人与现代生活的复杂性的对立 〔hypnotic〕Inducing or tending to induce sleep; soporific:催眠的：引导或易于产生睡眠的；催眠的：〔stir〕The dog stirred in its sleep.狗在睡眠时稍微挪动了一下位置〔hypnotism〕The theory or practice of inducing hypnosis.催眠术：引导睡眠的理论及实践〔sleep〕A natural, periodic state of rest for the mind and body, in which the eyes usually close and consciousness is completely or partially lost, so that there is a decrease in bodily movement and responsiveness to external stimuli. During sleep the brain in human beings and other mammals undergoes a characteristic cycle of brain-wave activity that includes intervals of dreaming.睡眠：意识和身体的自然的、周期性的休息状态，在这种状态中，眼睛通常闭上，意识全部或部分地丧失，身体活动减少，对外界刺激的反应减少。人类和其它哺乳动物在睡眠期内大脑经历一种特有的脑电波活动循环，其中有做梦时的间歇〔sleep〕To be in the state of sleep or to fall asleep.睡眠：处于睡眠状态或进入睡眠状态〔sleep〕To be in a condition resembling sleep.睡眠状态：处于类似睡眠的状况〔insomnia〕from īnsomnis [sleepless] 源自 īnsomnis [无睡眠的] 〔sleepless〕Marked by a lack of sleep:失眠的：以缺少睡眠为特征的：〔night〕One's sleep during this period:睡眠的这段时间：〔wake〕The pairswake, waken and awake, awaken have formed a bewildering array since the Middle English period. All four words have similar meanings, though there are some differences in use.Onlywake is used in the sense "to be awake,” as in expressions likewaking (not wakening ) and sleeping, every waking hour. Wake is also more common than waken when used together with up; andawake and awaken never occur in this context: She woke up (rarely wakened up; never awakened up or awoke up ). Some writers have suggested thatwaken should be used only transitively and awaken only intransitively, but there is ample literary precedent for usages such asHe wakened early and They did not awaken her. In figurative sensesawake and awaken are more prevalent: wake,waken 和 awake,awaken 这两对词自中古英语以来就形成令人不解的一组词。 四个词有相似的意思，尽管在用法上有差异。只有wake 用于“保持清醒”的意义， 如在waking （而非 wakening ) and sleeping, every waking hour（清醒和睡眠，每一个醒着的时刻）。 Wake在与 up 一同用时也比 waken 更常用； 并且awake 和 awaken 从不出现在这种语言环境中： She woke up （很少用 wakened up ；从不用 awakened up 或 awoke up )。 有些作家指出waken 应只用作及物的而 awaken 只用作不及物的， 但有很多文学上的用法先例,如He wakened early（他醒得早） 和 They did not awaken her（他们没惊醒她）。 在比喻意义上awake 和 awaken 更普遍： 〔hypnotism〕The act of inducing hypnosis.催眠：引导睡眠的行为〔hypnagogic〕Greek hupnos [sleep] * see hypno- 希腊语 hupnos [睡眠] * 参见 hypno-〔lullaby〕A soothing song with which to lull a child to sleep.摇篮曲：将小孩带入睡眠的安慰性歌曲〔stand〕I could stand a good night's sleep.我受益于一夜好的睡眠〔nap〕The famous verse 4 in Psalm 121,rendered in the King James Version as "Behold, he that keepeth Israel shall neither slumber nor sleep,”is rendered in a Middle English translation as "Loo, ha shal not nappen ne slepen that kepeth ireal.”The wordnappen is indeed the Middle English ancestor of our wordnap. Lest it be thought undignified to say that God could nap,it must be realized that our wordnap was at one time not associated only with the younger and older members of society nor simply with short periods of rest.The ancestors of our word,Old Englishhnappian and its descendant, Middle Englishnappen, could both refer to prolonged periods of sleep as well as short ones and also, as in the quotation from Psalm 121, to sleepiness.But these senses have been lost.Since the word has become less dignified,we would not findnap used in a translation of Psalm 121 any longer. 圣经诗篇121中著名的第四节，在钦定圣经译本中记为“看吧，他，守卫以色列的人既不能熟睡也不能打盹，”在中世纪英语中被译为"Loo , ha shal not nappen ne slepen that kepeth ireal"。单词nappen 在中世纪英语中就存在， 是单词nap 的前身。 避免人们不尊敬地认为上帝也能打盹，我们必须认识到单词nap 某些时候不只是与社会中的年轻人和老年人相关， 当然它也不仅指短暂的休息。这个单词的前身，古英语中hnappian 及后来它的衍生词， 中世纪英语中的nappen 都能表示延长时间的睡眠及短暂的睡眠， 如同圣经诗篇121中的引语，表示小睡。但这些意思都已经失传了。因为这个单词逐渐变得不再神圣，我们已无法再找到nap 用于圣经诗篇121的翻译中的意思了 〔microsleep〕A period of sleep that lasts up to a few seconds, usually experienced by people who have narcolepsy or are severely deprived of sleep.微睡：一段只持续数秒的睡眠，通常发生于罹患发作性睡病或是严重失眠的人身上〔chronotherapeutics〕Treatment of a sleep disorder by altering an individual's sleeping and waking times and resetting his or her biological clock.生理时钟失常疗法：睡眠失常的治疗，其方法是改变个人的睡觉及起床时间并且重新排定他（她）的生理时钟〔camper〕A motor vehicle with space and equipment, either in a rear compartment or in an attached trailer, for sleeping and simple housekeeping, used for camping and recreational travel.野营挂车：一种带有空间和装备动力交通工具，装在后部的空室或是装在相连的拖挂车内，提供睡眠和做简单的家务，用于野营和消闲的旅行〔uneasy〕fell into a fitful, uneasy sleep.落入一阵阵的不舒服的睡眠〔pajama〕a pajama top; a pajama party.睡衣上部；睡眠聚会〔hall〕The principal room in such a castle or house, used for dining, entertaining, and sleeping.主厅，会客厅：这样的城堡、楼宇中的用于宴会、娱乐、睡眠的主要房间〔sleepy〕Ready for or needing sleep.想睡的，困的：准备睡眠或需要睡眠的〔restless〕Marked by a lack of quiet, repose, or rest:不平静的：显示出缺乏平静、休息或睡眠的：〔somniferous〕Inducing sleep; soporific.催眠的：使人睡眠的；引起睡眠的〔catnap〕A short nap; a light sleep.小睡：短的睡眠；打一小盹〔hypnotic〕from hupnos [sleep] * see swep- 源自 hupnos [睡眠] * 参见 swep- 〔hypnagogic〕Inducing sleep; soporific.睡眠的：产生睡眠的，引起酣睡的〔favorable〕"I lingered round them, under that benign sky . . . and wondered how anyone could ever imagine unquiet slumbers, for the sleepers in that quiet earth" (Emily Brontë).Somethingconducive leads or contributes to a result, often a desirable one: “我巡视四周，在温和的天空下…想知道谁能想象不宁静的睡眠，为那块安静土地上的安眠者” （埃米莉·勃朗特）。Conductive 指导向或引起结果，通常是有利的事： |
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