| 单词 | 矫揉造作 |
| 释义 | 〔labored〕a labored style of debating.矫揉造作的辩论风格〔aureate〕Inflated and pompous in style.绚丽的：形式上浮夸的，矫揉造作的〔unmannered〕Natural and unaffected.自然的：自然的和不矫揉造作的〔mannered〕Of, relating to, or exhibiting mannerisms.矫揉造作的，关于或展示矫揉造作的〔process〕In recent yearsthere has been a tendency to pronounce the plural ending-es of processes as (-ēz), perhaps by analogy with words of Greek origin such asanalysis and neurosis. Butprocess is not of Greek origin, and there is no etymological justification for this pronunciation of its plural.The pronunciation may someday become so widespread as to be a standard variant,but it still strikes some listeners as a bungled affectation.近年来，有把processes 的复数词尾 -es 读成(-ez)的趋势， 这也许与源于希腊语的词analysis 和 neurosis 相似。 但是process 不是来源于希腊语， 因此从词源学的角度来说，其复数形式不应这么发音。或许有一天这种发音会被广泛采用而成为标准的变体，但仍有一些人听了这种发音后会觉得这是一种拙劣的矫揉造作〔mincing〕Affectedly refined or dainty.矫揉造作的：假装文雅或斯文的〔peruse〕Peruse has long meant "to read thoroughly" and is often used loosely when one could use the wordread instead. The worst that can be said about the latter use is that it is excessively literary or precious.However, common misuse of the word in the sense "to glance over, skim,” as inI only had a moment to peruse the manual quickly, was unacceptable to 66 percent of the Usage Panel. Peruse 很久一直意指“详尽地阅读”， 经常在能用read 这个词时不严谨地用来取代它。 能够提及的后一种用法中最差的一种便是极端文学或过分矫揉造作的。然而，对于百分之六十六的惯用法研究小组成员来说，意为“浏览或略读”的该词的通常错误用法是不能接受的，如在句我只有一会儿时间来迅速浏览这本手册 中 〔polite〕 Genteel, which originally meant well-bred and refined,now usually suggests excessive and affected refinement: Genteel 原先意指有教养的和优雅的，现在通常暗示过分或矫揉造作的文雅： 〔camp〕An affectation or appreciation of manners and tastes commonly thought to be artificial, vulgar, or banal.下流，庸俗，做作：行为或情趣上的矫揉造作，通常被认为是不自然的、粗俗的或平庸的〔unaffected〕Marked by lack of affectation; genuine.See Synonyms at naive ,sincere 自然的：不矫揉造作的；真挚的 参见 naive,sincere〔precious〕Affectedly dainty or overrefined:矫揉造作的：矫饰地优美或过分文雅的：〔precious〕precious mannerisms.矫揉造作的习气〔unpretentious〕Lacking pretension or affectation; modest.See Synonyms at plain 自然的；谦逊的：缺乏虚饰或矫揉造作的；谦逊的 参见 plain〔turgid〕Excessively ornate or complex in style or language; grandiloquent:浮夸的，夸张的：风格或语言过分考究的或过分复杂的，矫揉造作的；华而不实的：〔contrived〕Obviously planned or calculated; not spontaneous; labored:精心设计的：显然是计划好的或精心设计的；非自动而发的；矫揉造作的：〔theatrical〕Marked by exaggerated self-display and unnatural behavior; affectedly dramatic.See Synonyms at dramatic 矫揉造作的：通过加强自我表现或不自然的行为引入注意为特征的；做作地引入注目的 参见 dramatic〔mannered〕mannered speech.矫揉造作的讲话〔cute〕Obviously contrived to charm; precious:矫揉造作的：明显地设法吸引的；做作的：〔individual〕Since the 19th century, however,there have been numerous critical objections to use of the word to refer simply to "a person" where no larger contrast is implied,as inTwo individuals were placed under arrest or The Mayor will make time for any individual who wants to talk to her. In such contexts the wordsperson and people will usually do the same semantic job with less affectation. 不过19世纪以后，这个词被用来仅指“一个人”，而没有暗含与群体相对的意思；但这种用法引起了很多批评和反对。例如在两人被捕了 或 谁要想和市长谈谈，她都愿意腾出时间来 这两句话中。在这样的上下文中， 用person 和 people 可以表达同样的意思，也不显得矫揉造作 〔mannerism〕Exaggerated or affected style or habit, as in dress or speech.See Synonyms at affectation 矫揉造作：穿着或讲话中夸张、造作的风格或习惯 参见 affectation〔act〕To behave affectedly or unnaturally; pretend.矫揉造作；假装：举止假装地或不自然地；装作〔folksy〕Simple and unpretentious in behavior.朴素的，不做作的：行为简便且不矫揉造作的〔shall〕The sentenceYou shall have your money expresses a promise ("I will see that you get your money"), whereasYou will have your money makes a simple prediction. · Such, at least, are the traditional rules.But the distinction has never taken firm root outside of what H.W. Fowler described as "the English of the English" (as opposed to that of the Scots and Irish), and even there it has always been subject to variation.Despite the efforts of generations of American schoolteachers, the distinction is largely alien to the modern American idiom.In Americawill is used to express most of the senses reserved for shall in English usage, andshall itself is restricted to first person interrogative proposals, as inShall we go? and to certain fixed expressions, such asWe shall overcome. Shall is also used in formal style to express an explicit obligation,as inApplicants shall provide a proof of residence, though this sense is also expressed bymust or should. In speech the distinction that the English signal by the choice ofshall or will may be rendered by stressing the auxiliary, as in I will leave tomorrow ("I intend to leave"); by choosing another auxiliary, such as must or have to; or by using an adverb such as certainly. · Many earlier American writers observed the traditional distinction betweenshall and will, and some continue to do so.The practice cannot be called incorrect,though it may strike American ears as somewhat mannered.But the distinction is difficult for those who do not come by it natively,and Americans who essay ashall in an unfamiliar context run considerable risk of getting it wrong, and so of being caught out in that most embarrassing of linguistic gaffes, the bungled Anglicism.See Usage Note at should 句子你将得到你的钱 表达了一种承诺（“我将保证你得到你的钱”）， 而你会得到你的钱 仅仅做出了简单预测。 这些至少是传统规则。但是这种用法上的区别仅局限于H·W·福勒所描述的“英格兰人的英语”（与苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的英语相对），即使在英格兰英语中它一直在变化。尽管经过几代美国学校教师的努力，这种区别对现代美国习惯用语仍是相当生疏的。在美国，will 被用来表达在英国用法中大多为 shall 保留的含义， 而shall 则限于第一人称疑问句式的提议， 如在我们该走了吧? 及某些固定表达中， 例如我们会克服的。 Shall 也用在正式文体中表示明确职责，如申请者应提供居留证明 ， 虽然这个意义也可用must 或 should 表达。 在口语中可以通过强调助动词shall 或 will ，如 我 将 于明天离开 （“我打算明天离开”）；或通过选择另一个助动词 must 或 have to ；或通过使用如 certainly 这样的副词来表达英国人用这两个词时的区别。 许多早期的美国作家注意到了shall 和 will 之间的传统区别， 而且一些人仍在继续这样做。这种用法不能被称作不正确，虽然美国人听起来有点矫揉造作的意味。但是这种区别对于那些不能通过母语了解它的人是困难的，而且在一个不熟悉的上下文中，试图用shall 的美国人很有可能犯错误， 因而在许多令人难堪的语言即被搞得一团糟的英式英语中出丑 参见 should〔impact〕Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning "have an effect, affect.” Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as "bureaucratic,” "pretentious,” "vile,” and "a vulgarism.” ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for "affect significantly,” it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 每一代的批评家好象都挑了一个特别的用法作为他们认为的语言上的愚蠢行为的象征。三十年以前是contact 作为动词的用法， 但是对这种形式的反对或多或少已经消失了，注意力现在集中到了impact 意思为“有不好的影响、影响”的动词用法上。 用法专题小组成员中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的结构， 如在短语对内城区来说很普通的社会病理学，对这样一个社区产生了很大影响的 当中； 百分之九十五的成员完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已经使用了可能会对我们的健康产生不良影响的易处理技术 中当作及物动词来使用。 但是即使是这些数字也没有反映出批评家们对这种用法厌恶的程度：在他们的评论当中有些成员把这种用法说成是“官僚主义的”、“装腔作势的”，“可耻的”，还说这是“粗鄙的语言。”也许和impact 的动词用法有关联的虚饰成份是由于它是从名词 impact 的一个早有争议的比喻用法衍变而来造成的。 如在短语这个决定在政治上的影响 或者 这个计划对公众的影响 中它的意思并没有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表达出来的意思要多。 尽管impact 作为“明显地影响”的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前开始产生， 但是现在的年轻一代使用者看上去把它当成了完全标准的、直接的用法，这在共同的和惯例的文章中已经很普遍了。相应地在几年内，这种用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反对， 因为对于那些使用它的人来说这不会再显得有点矫揉造作了 参见 contact〔frippery〕Pretentious, showy finery.矫揉造作，故做文雅〔artless〕Free of artificiality; natural:不矫揉造作的；自然的：〔twee〕Overly precious or nice.矫揉造作的或过于考究的 |
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