| 单词 | 码头 |
| 释义 | 〔Birkenhead〕A borough of northwest England at the mouth of the Mersey River near Liverpool. It has extensive docks and is a shipbuilding center. Population, 341,000.伯肯黑德：英国西北一自治村镇，位于利物浦附近墨西河河口。它有宽阔的码头并是造船业中心。人口341,000〔wharf〕A landing place or pier where ships may tie up and load or unload.码头：船只可以停泊并装卸货物的登陆处或码头〔quayage〕A system or group of quays.一套或一组码头〔popcorn〕Popcorn is very much an American institution.Particularly enjoyed by people in the United States,it is grown as a native product and denoted by a word that is an Americanism,a word or expression that was first used in English in the United States.Popcorn, from the verb pop and the noun corn, fits these criteriabecause the first recorded use of the word is found inMemorable Days in America, an account written by the British traveler William Faux and published in London in 1823: "I crossed the Big Wabash . . . at La Valette's ferry,where is beautiful land . . . and two lonely families of naked-legged French settlersfrom whom I received two curious ears of poss corn.”Notice that either Faux misunderstood the termor the French settlers mispronounced it.This type of corn, introduced to the settlers by Native Americans,was long grown by them,little knowing that their benefaction would one day be consumed by countless moviegoers while watching Westerns.爆玉米是美洲人非常熟知的事物。尤其为美国人喜欢，这种作物被他们作为本地作物而大量种植并以一个美国单词来命名，这个词首先在美国被用于英语中。Popcorn 源于动词 pop 和名词 corn， 并且它适应这些标准，因为有关这个词的最早记录见于由英国旅行者威廉·福克斯所著的、1823年在伦敦出版的游记在美国的难忘日子 中，福克斯在其中写道： “我在瓦莱特码头渡过大沃巴什河，那儿有美丽的田地…及两个孤零零的法国家庭，他们都是赤脚的法国拓荒者，从他们那儿我得到了两根奇怪的玉米棒。”请注意，要么也许是福克斯误解了该词，要么也许是法国拓荒者发错了音。这种类型的玉米是美洲印第安人介绍给这些拓荒者的，且已被这些印第安人种植很久了，但他们几乎无法料到他们的施惠有一天会被无数电影观众一边嚼着一边看西部片。〔shipworm〕Any of various wormlike marine mollusks of the generaTeredo and Bankia, having rudimentary bivalve shells with which they bore into wood, especially the submerged timbers of ships and wharves, often doing extensive damage. 船蛆，凿船虫：各种长得象蠕虫的船蛆属 和 节铠船蛆属 海洋软体动物中的任何一种，有已退化的双壳，它们用双壳在木头上钻孔，尤其是船只和码头浸在水下的木材，经常造成巨大的破坏 〔stilt〕Any of various tall posts or pillars used as support, as for a dock or building:支柱：任一种用于支撑的高的杆子或柱子，如用于码头或建筑物：〔shapeup〕An assembled group of dock workers from which the day's work crew is chosen by a representative of the union.码头临时工：一种码头工人的集合群体，每天的工作人员由工会代表选择〔portside〕taking a stroll portside; a portside restaurant.在码头边散步；码头餐馆〔stevedore〕One who is employed in the loading or unloading of ships.码头装卸工人：受雇给船装货或卸货的人〔beachcomber〕One who scavenges along beaches or in wharf areas.海滨流浪汉：沿海滨或码头地区捡废品的人〔levee〕A landing place on a river; a pier.码头：河上供…登陆的地方；码头〔dockage〕A charge for docking privileges.进坞费，码头停泊费〔quayage〕The space available on a system of quays.码头面积：一组码头中可利用的空间〔shipway〕The structure supporting a ship during construction or in dry dock.船台：在建造过程中或在干涸码头支撑船只的结构〔obelia〕Any of various colonial marine hydroids of the genusObelia, having various specialized feeding and reproductive polyps and growing in a branchlike form. Colonies of obelia are found as a delicate furlike growth on the wooden piles of piers and wharves. 薮枝螅：一种薮枝螅 属集群水螅，有各种专门喂食和繁殖的水螅虫，以枝条状形式生长，水螅群如细薄皮毛般生长在桥墩和码头的木堆上 〔ragamuffin〕Perhapsragamuffin should be seen as an example of melioration, or improvement in the sense of a word, since it can now be used rather affectionately of children who are normally far from dirty or unkempt.In any event,even its use for an unkempt child or man represents something of an improvementover one of its earliest uses.Ragamuffin was a name given to a demon in Piers Plowman, an allegorical poem of the 14th century. This name was once thought to be the source of our word,but researches at theMiddle English Dictionary have shown that the word was used as the last name of a woman, Isabella Ragamuffyn, earlier in the 14th century (1344), before the poem was composed.The word even then had the sense "ragged lout, tattered oaf,”though it was found only in names.The elementraga- is probably from the Middle English adjective raggi, "ragged,” also used of the devil in the sense "shaggy" and as a name.The element-muffin is probably from Middle Dutch moffel or muffe, "mitten.” 也许ragamuffin 这个词应该看作词义变良或改善的例子， 因为它现在可以用来充满感情地指那些按常规来说远非肮脏或不整洁的孩子。不论如何，即使它被用来指那些不整洁的孩子或大人的时候，其用法较最初也有了很大提高。Ragamuffin 是14世纪的一部寓言诗 犁者码头 中一个魔鬼的名字。 这个名字一度被认为是本词的来源，但对中世纪英语词典 的研究表明这个词曾在14世纪早期(1344年）用作一位妇女的姓，伊莎贝拉·拉格姆芬， 这早于那首诗创作之前。这个词甚至还曾有衣裳破烂的粗人、褴褛的呆子的意思，尽管此词仅见于姓名。构词成分raga- 可能源自中古英语的形容词 raggi “破烂的”， 也曾以“毛长而参差不齐”这个意思用于魔鬼和人名。构词成分-muffin 可能来自中世纪荷兰语中 moffel 或意为“连指手套”的 muffe 〔wharfage〕The charges for this usage. 码头的使用费〔bund〕A street running along a harbor or waterway, especially in the Far East.江边道路：沿着码头或水道的大街，尤其是在远东〔wharf〕To furnish, equip, or protect with wharves or a wharf.靠码头保护、用码头装备或配备码头〔shipside〕The area of a dock adjacent to a ship.靠船区域：码头上临近停泊船只的地区〔dockominium〕A dockside community of privately owned boats moored in slips that are purchased for year-round living.私船泊处：系泊于码头间的水域的私有船只集结处，这些水域被买来常年私用〔junk〕The wordjunk is an example of the change in meaning known as generalization, and very aptly too, since the amount of junk in the world seems to be generalizing and proliferating rapidly. The Middle English wordjonk, ancestor of junk, originally had a very specific meaning restricted to nautical terminology.First recorded in 1353,the word meant "an old cable or rope.”On a sailing ship it made little sense to throw away useful materialsince considerable time might pass before one could get new supplies.Old cable was used in a variety of ways,for example, to make fenders,that is, material hung over the side of the ship to protect it from scraping other ships or wharves.Junk came to refer to this old cable as well. The big leap in meaning taken by the word seems to have occurred whenjunk was applied to discarded but useful material in general. This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context,for the earliest, more generalized use ofjunk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.Junk has gone on to mean useless waste as well. Junk 一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk 一词源自古英语单词 jonk ， 其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。1353年首次记载下来时，该词义为“旧缆绳或旧绳子”。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。Junk 同样也用来指旧缆绳。 当junk 普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。 该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。 该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。Junk 仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品 〔dock〕The area of water between two piers or alongside a pier that receives a ship for loading, unloading, or repairs.船坞：两个码头之间的或沿码头的水域用来容船装卸或修理等〔dock〕Often docks A group of piers on a commercial waterfront that serve as a general landing area for ships or boats. 常作 docks 港区：作船只靠岸用的商业港口上的一组码头〔waterfront〕waterfront docks; waterfront mills.码头；水边的磨房〔embarcadero〕A pier, wharf, or landing place, especially on a river or inland waterway.渡船头，内河码头：码头或卸货处，尤指河上或内路运河上〔piddock〕A marine bivalve mollusk of the family Pholadidae, having a long shell with which it bores into wood, rock, and clay, often causing destruction of wharf pilings.海笋，穿石贝：海笋科中的一种海类甲壳软体动物，有长的甲壳，可以借之伸入到木头、岩石和泥土中，常引起对码头堆放物的破坏〔Covington〕A city of extreme northern Kentucky on the Ohio River opposite Cincinnati. Settled in 1812 on the site of an earlier tavern and ferry landing, it is now heavily industrialized. Population, 43,264.科文顿：美国肯塔基州最北端的一个城市，位于俄亥俄河沿岸，与辛辛那提隔河相望。它是1812年在早期的一个客栈和摆渡码头上建市的，现在已是工业密布。人口43,264〔quay〕A wharf or reinforced bank where ships are loaded or unloaded.码头：码头或经过加固的河岸，在此可往船上装货或卸货〔quayage〕A charge for the use of a quay.码头费：使用码头的费用〔icebreaker〕A protective pier or dock apron used as a buffer against floating ice.桥墩护槛：保护桥椁免受浮冰碰撞的护栏或码头围栏〔quayside〕The area adjacent to a quay or wharf or a system of quays, especially in a port city.码头区：与码头、泊口或码头带相连接的区域，尤指在港口城市中〔Skivvies〕"The venerable white-underwear company . . . had dabbled in socks, sweats, and fashion skivvies"(Advertising Age)"About 500 yards away, on three destroyers snubbed up to the dock, men were clambering on the deck in their skivvies"(Smithsonian)“令人崇尚的白色内衣公司…已经涉足袜子、汗衫和时髦男式圆领衫”(广告时代)“大约500码以外，在三艘挽桩滞缆在船码头的驱逐舰上，穿着圆顶衫的男人们正在攀上甲板”(史密森)〔wharfinger〕One who owns or manages a wharf.码头老板：拥有或管理码头者〔pontoon〕A floating structure serving as a dock.浮码头：漂浮在水上的用作码头的结构〔gangplank〕A board or ramp used as a removable footway between a ship and a pier. Also called gangway 跳板：一块踏板或斜面板，用作船和码头之间可移动的小路 也作 gangway〔bollard〕A thick post on a ship or wharf, used for securing ropes and hawsers.系船柱，带缆桩：在船上或码头的粗桩，用于系缆索 |
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