| 单词 | 确认为 |
| 释义 | 〔Scopes〕American teacher who violated a state law by teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school. His trial (July 1925) was a highly publicized confrontation between defense attorney Clarence Darrow and the director of the prosecution William Jennings Bryan. Scopes was found guilty and fined a nominal sum, but his conviction was later reversed on technical grounds.斯科普斯，约翰·托马斯：(1900-1970) 美国一教师，因在田纳西州的一所中学里讲授进化论而违反了州法。对他的审判（1925年7月）是辩护律师克拉仑斯·达柔和原告律师长威廉·詹尼斯·布赖恩之间的公开的高度对抗。斯科普斯被确认为有罪而且被罚了一点微不足道的罚金，但对他的判决后果由于技术方面的理由后来得到平反〔Colorado〕A state of the west-central United States. It was admitted as the 38th state in 1876. First explored by the Spanish in the 16th and 17th centuries, the region was added to the United States through the Louisiana Purchase (1803) and a cession by Mexico (1848). The Colorado Territory was organized in 1861. Denver is the capital and the largest city. Population, 3,307,912.科罗拉多州：美国中西部的一个州，1876年被确认为第38个州。于16和17世纪首先被西班牙人探险发现，通过路易斯安那购买（1803年）和墨西哥的割让（1848年）而加入美国版图。科罗拉多的区划正式确立于1861年，丹佛是其首府和最大城市。人口3,307,912〔filiate〕Medieval Latin fīliāre fīliāt- [to acknowledge as a son] 中世纪拉丁语 fīliāre fīliāt- [确认为儿子] 〔Itasca〕A lake of northwest Minnesota. It was identified in 1832 as the source of the Mississippi River.艾塔斯卡湖：美国明尼苏达州西北一湖泊。它于1832年被确认为密西西比河的源头〔posh〕"Oh yes, Mater, we had a posh time of it down there.”So inPunch for September 25, 1918, do we find the first recorded instance of that mysterious wordposh, meaning "smart and fashionable,”although in a 1903 book by P.G. Wodehouse,Tales of St. Austin's, there is a mention of a waistcoat that was "push.” The latter may be a different word,but in either case the dates of occurrence are importantbecause they are part of the objection to derivingposh from the initials of "Port Out, Starboard Home.” This was the cooler, and thus more expensive, side of ships traveling between England and India in the mid-19th century,and the acronymPOSH was supposedly stamped on the tickets of first-class passengers traveling on that side of ships owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. No evidence is definitely known to exist for this theory, however.TheOxford English Dictionary Supplement may have found a possible source or sources for posh. Another wordposh was 19th- and early 20th-century British slang for "money,” specifically "a halfpenny, cash of small value.”This word is borrowed from the common Romany wordpåšh, "half,” which was used in combinations such aspåšhera, "halfpenny.” Posh, also meaning "a dandy,” is recorded in two dictionaries of slang published in 1890 and 1902,although this particularposh may be still another word. This word or these words, however, are much more likely to be the source ofposh than "Port Out, Starboard Home,” although the latter source certainly has caught the public's etymological fancy.“哦是的，妈妈，我们在那里过着豪华的生活。”因此在1918年9月25日的punch 上， 我们看到了那个神秘单词posh 的首次记录， 意为“豪华的，时髦的，”虽然早在1903年P·G·伍德豪斯的名为圣·奥斯汀传说 的作品中就提及了意为"push"的马夹这个词。 后者也可能是另外一个不同的词，但在任何一种情况下两者被使用的时间都很重要，因为它们都反对posh 这个词源于"Port Out，Starboard Home。” 这是意指19世纪中期往来于英格兰及印度的船只中较凉爽、因而票价也就较为昂贵的一侧，而POSH 这个首字缩拼词据说就印在半岛——东方蒸汽船航运公司所拥有的船只上较为凉爽的一侧头等舱的票上。 然而对于这一说法并没有确凿的证据来加以证明。牛津英语词典增补本 也许为 posh 找到了一个或多个可能的词源。 另一个词posh 则是19世纪和20世纪初英国人用来表示“钱”的俚语， 尤指“半便士，小面值钱币。”这个词源于吉卜赛常用词på歨 ，意为“一半”， 用在诸如意为“半便士”的复合词på歨era 中。 Posh 也有“花花公子”之意， 这一用法记录于1890年及1902年出版的两本俚语词典中，尽管这个特有的posh 也有可能是另一个词。 然而这个词及上文提到的那些词比"Port Out，Starboard Home"更有可能是posh 这个词的词源， 虽然后者早被人们确认为这个词的词源〔sacred〕Made or declared holy:神圣的：庄严的、被确认为神圣的：〔canon〕The works of a writer that have been accepted as authentic:真实著作，真本：一个作家被确认为真作的所有作品：〔Chester〕A city of southeast Pennsylvania on the Delaware River, an industrial suburb of Philadelphia. Established as Upland, it was the site of William Penn's first landing in America (1682) and is the oldest city in the state. Population, 41,856.切斯特：美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部城市，位于费城郊区处特拉华河上。确认为高原区，是威廉·佩思于1682年首次在美洲登陆的旧址，也是州内最古老的城市。人口41,856〔surveil〕Surveil has encountered the same kind of critical resistance that was once accorded to other back-formations such as diagnose and donate. It remains to be seen whether it too will eventually come to be regarded as useful and unexceptionable.Surveil 遇到了给与逆成词 diagnose 和 donate 的同样的批评性抵制。 它是否能被最后确认为有用的和无可指摘的，还在观望中 |
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