| 单词 | 礼仪 |
| 释义 | 〔impertinent〕Exceeding the limits of propriety or good manners; improperly forward or bold:无礼的：超越了礼貌和礼仪的界限的；不恰当地自大或大胆的：〔improper〕Indecorous implies violation of the mores or manners of polite society: Indecorous 是指对文明社会的规范和礼仪的破坏： 〔manner〕The socially correct way of acting; etiquette.礼仪：社交上正确的行为举止；礼仪〔trivial〕Trivial Pursuit is an etymologically sound name, because roads and traveling, which might involve pursuit, are involved in the origin of the wordtrivial. The history oftrivial begins with the Latin word trivium, formed from the prefixtri-, "consisting of three of the things named,” and via, "road.” Trivium meant "the meeting place of three roads, especially as a place of public resort.” Hence it also had a pejorative sense,which we express by the phrasethe gutter, as in "His manners were formed in the gutter.”The adjectivetriviālis, derived from trivium, meant "appropriate to the street corner, commonplace, vulgar.” Trivial entered Middle English in senses that need not detain us here,first being recorded in a sense identical to that oftriviālis in 1589. Shortly after thattrivial is recorded in the sense most familiar to us, "of little importance or significance.”Trivial Pursuit 从词源学的角度来看是合理的词， 因为可能涉及到追求的道路和旅行都与trivial 这个词的来源有关。 trivial 的历史从拉丁词 trivium 开始， 由前缀tri- 意思是“由三个给定的东西组成的”和 via “道路”构成。 Trivium 的意思是“三条路交汇的地方，尤指公众常去的地方”。 自此它又有了一层带贬意的意思，我们用短语贫民区里的 来表示这层意思， 如在句子”他的礼仪是在贫民区学成的”。从trivium 派生出来的形容词 trvialis 意思为“用于街道角落的，平凡的，粗俗的”。 Trvial 进入了中古英语， 当时的意思不会使我们停止不前。最早的记录是在1589年，意思与trivialis 相同。 不久以后，trivial 的意思变得与我们更接近了， 即“琐碎的，不重要的或无价值的”〔precisian〕One who is strict and precise in adherence to established rules, forms, or standards, especially with regard to religious observance or moral behavior.严格照章办事：准确而严格地遵循既定规则、形式或标准的人，尤指在宗教礼仪或道德行为方面〔ceremony〕A formal act or set of acts performed as prescribed by ritual or custom:典礼：按礼仪或习俗而举行的正式行为或一系列举动：〔ceremonial〕A set of ceremonies prescribed for an occasion; a ritual.仪式：为某种场合而设定的一套礼仪；仪式〔nicety〕the niceties of etiquette.外交礼仪的微妙之处〔heraldry〕Pomp and ceremony, especially attended with armorial trappings; pageantry.展示各种纹章的堂皇礼仪：壮观的仪式，尤指有纹间装饰的仪式；壮观的表演〔ritual〕The body of ceremonies or rites used in a place of worship.宗教仪式：用于祭祀场所的礼仪或仪式的主体部分〔modality〕modalities The ceremonial forms, protocols, or conditions that surround formal agreements or negotiations: modalities 仪式：与正式协议或协定有关的礼仪形式，礼节或条件：〔prude〕Being a prude has never been widely considered a good thing,but if we dig further into the history of the wordprude, we will find that it had a noble past.The change for the worse took place in French.Frenchprude first had a good sense, "wise woman,” but apparentlya woman could be too wise or, in the eyes of some,too observant of decorum and propriety,and soprude took on the sense in French that was brought into English along with the word, first recorded in 1704.The French word first meant "wise woman"becauseprude was a shortened form of prude femme (earlier in Old Frenchprode femme ), a word that was modeled on earlierpreudomme, "a man of experience and integrity.” The second part of this word is, of course,homme, "man.” Old Frenchprod, meaning "wise, prudent,” is from Vulgar Latin prōdis with the same sense. Prōdis in turn comes from Late Latin prōde, "advantageous,” derived from the verbprodesse, "to be good.” We can see that the history ofprude is filled with usefulness, profit, wisdom, and integrity, but in spite of all this,things did not turn out that well.人们从来没有普遍地认为做一个拘守礼仪的人是一件好事，但是如果我们深挖prude 这个词的历史， 我们会发现这个词有一个体面的过去。这个词变成贬义是在法语中发生的。法语词prude 开始时是褒义的，意为“明智或聪明的女人，” 但是很显然，女人可能会过于聪明或者在某些人的眼里，对仪表和行为的得体过分注重，这样法语词prude 就有了这个和词一起被引入英语的意思， 并最早记载于1704年。这个法语词开始时的意思之所以是“聪明的女人”，因为prude 是 prudefemme 的缩写形式 （更早的时候在古法语中为prodefemme )， 这个词模仿更早的一个词preudomme “一个富有经验而又正直的男人”而来。 这个词的第二部分当然是意为“男人”的homme。 意思是“聪明，谨慎”的古法语prod 由一个相同意思的俗拉丁词 prodis 而来。 Prodis 从后期拉丁语 prode 演变而来，意为“有利的”， 该词又从意思为“从善”的动词prudesse 衍生而来。 我们现在明白prude 的历史充满了有利、利益、智慧或忠诚的意思， 但尽管如此，事情并没有变得那么好〔ritual〕From Latin rītuālis [of rites] 源自 拉丁语 rītuālis [礼仪的] 〔ladylike〕Unduly sensitive to matters of propriety or decorum.过分注重优雅或礼仪的〔protocol〕The forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state.外交礼节：外交官和国家元首遵守的礼节和礼仪形式〔outrage〕An act grossly offensive to decency, morality, or good taste.侮辱，伤害：粗俗地冒犯礼仪、道德或风雅的行为〔outrageous〕Grossly offensive to decency or morality.蛮横的：对礼仪或道德非常粗俗地冒犯的〔formality〕An established form, rule, or custom, especially one followed merely for the sake of procedure or decorum.礼节，俗套：被确认的形式、规则或习俗，尤指仅仅是因为程序或礼仪需要而遵循的〔protocol〕A code of correct conduct:礼仪：正确的行为方式：〔observe〕 Observe stresses respectful adherence,as to law or tradition,often in the form of compliance with prescribed rites: Observe 强调尊敬性的遵从，如对于法律或传统，常常以遵守规定的礼仪仪式为形式： 〔ritual〕from rītus [rite] * see rite 源自 rītus [仪式，礼仪] * 参见 rite〔fit〕Proper describes what is harmonious, either by nature or because it accords with reason, custom, or propriety: Proper 描写的是因与伦理、风俗或礼仪相符而和谐的或是自然的： 〔chariot〕A light four-wheeled carriage used for occasions of ceremony or for pleasure.四轮礼车；轻便四轮游览马车：礼仪或娱乐时用的一种轻便四轮马车〔fashion〕 Fashion, the broadest term, usually refers to what accords with conventions adopted by polite society or set by those in the forefront of the artistic or intellectual sphere: Fashion 用法最广，通常指那些与礼仪社会所采用的惯例或由艺术或知识领域的先锋所建立的相合的东西： 〔etiquette〕Graduation exercises had to be consistent with academic protocol.毕业典礼必须符合学院礼仪。〔decorum〕The conventions of polite behavior.See Synonyms at etiquette 礼仪，礼节：彬彬有礼的行为的习俗 参见 etiquette〔ceremonial〕Of, appropriate to, or characterized by ceremony; formal or ritual.正式的：属于礼仪的、适于礼仪的或以之为特征的；正式的或礼节性的〔ritual〕A book of rites or ceremonial forms.仪式书，典礼书：关于礼仪或仪式形式的书籍〔bad〕Something that is below standard or expectations, as of ethics or decency:不道德的事：不合水准或期望的某事，如在伦理或礼仪方面不道德的事：〔improper〕 Improper often refers to unethical conduct,a breach of etiquette, or morally offensive behavior: Improper 经常是指不道德的行为，对礼仪的怠慢或者无礼的举止： 〔see〕"Their assemblies afforded me daily opportunities of remarking characters and manners" (Samuel Johnson).“他们的集会给了我每天观察其性格和礼仪的机会” （塞缪尔·约翰逊）〔observance〕A customary rite or ceremony.一项习惯性的礼仪或仪式〔pleasantry〕A polite social utterance; a civility:礼仪：礼貌的社交的表示；客套：〔Post〕American etiquette authority. She wroteEtiquette: The Blue Book of Social Usage (1922) and a popular syndicated newspaper column. 波斯特，埃米莉·普赖斯：(1872-1960) 美国礼仪专家，她著有《礼仪：社会用途蓝皮书》 （1922年）并且为受欢迎的辛迪加报纸撰写专栏 〔talisman〕from Greek [consecration ceremony] 源自 希腊语 [具体的礼仪] 〔pyramid〕Any of various similar constructions, especially a four-sided Mayan temple having stepped sides and a flat top surmounted by ceremonial chambers.类金字塔：一种相似建筑，尤指具有带台阶的侧面和布满礼仪性房间的平顶的四面玛雅族庙宇〔breeding〕Training in the proper forms of social and personal conduct.See Synonyms at culture 教养：指社交和个人举止的礼仪表现的训练 参见 culture〔form〕Manners or conduct as governed by etiquette, decorum, or custom.举止：由礼节、礼仪或习俗支配的举止或行为〔netiquette〕Etiquette practiced or advocated in electronic communication over a computer network.网络礼仪：经由计算机网络进行电子通讯时使用或提倡的礼仪〔collegial〕"Law-school faculties have traditionally been thought of as collegial—academic extensions of the courtroom civility that calls for the enemy to be spoken of as ‘my learned opponent’”(Calvin Trillin)“法学院的教员通常被认为是法庭礼仪在学院内的延伸，该礼仪强调应将敌人当成‘我博学的对手’”(卡尔文·特里林) |
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