| 单词 | 礼貌 |
| 释义 | 〔Mister〕Used as a courtesy title before the surname, full name, or professional title of a man, usually written in its abbreviated form:先生：一个男子的姓，全名或职务前的礼貌称谓，通常用作略写形式：〔mannerly〕Having or showing good manners.See Synonyms at polite 有或显示出良好礼貌的 参见 polite〔malaprop〕"She's as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile" and "He is the very pineapple of politeness" are two of the statements from the mouth of Mrs. Malapropthat helped her name become synonymous with ludicrous misuse of language.Mrs. Malaprop, a character in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's playThe Rivals, produced in 1775, consistently uses language malapropos,that is, inappropriately.The wordmalapropos comes from the French phrase mal à propos, made up ofmal, "badly,” à, "to,” and propos, "purpose, subject,” and literally means "badly to the purpose,” or "inappropriate.” The Rivals was a popular play, and Mrs. Malaprop became enshrined in a common noun,first in the formmalaprop and later inmalapropism, which is first recorded in 1849.Perhaps that is what Mrs. Malaprop fearedwhen she said "An aspersion upon my parts of speech" and "If I reprehend any thing in this world,it is the use of my oracular tongue,and a nice derangement of epitaphs!”“她与尼罗河堤岸上的寓言一样顽固”和“他正是礼貌的菠萝”是从马勒普罗太太嘴里说出的两句话。她的这张嘴使她的名字成为荒唐地错用语言的代名词。1775 年，理查德·布林斯利·夏里丹写成了剧本情敌 ，马勒普罗太太就是这剧中的一个人物。 她不断地误用词语，即遣词造句不当。单词malapropos 来源于法语短语 mal _ propos， 构成是mal， “坏地”， _ “对于”和 propos， “目的，目标”结合起来，意指“对于目标不适当地”或“不恰当的”。 情敌 是一部很受欢迎的戏剧， 马勒普罗太太逐渐演变成一个大家都接受的名词。这个名词一开始的形式是malaprop ， 后来变成malapropism， 最早的记载是在1849年。可能使马勒普罗太太最为担心的，是当她说“对我部分言语所进行的诽谤”和“如果我还对这个世界上的任何事物能理解的话，那就是我玄妙的言语运用，以及墓志铭上那美妙的错乱!”〔press〕To clasp in fondness or politeness.拥抱：表示喜爱或礼貌而紧抱〔sportsmanship〕Conduct and attitude considered as befitting participants in sports, especially fair play, courtesy, striving spirit, and grace in losing.运动员精神：适合参与运动的行为或态度，特别是公平竞争、礼貌谦逊、奋斗精神、胜不骄败不馁〔due〕In accord with right, convention, or courtesy; appropriate:适当的：符合权力，惯例或礼貌的；适当的：〔sociable〕Pleasant, friendly, and affable.See Synonyms at gracious 愉快的，友好的和礼貌而友善的 参见 gracious〔prithee〕Used to express a polite request.请，求您：用于表达礼貌的请求〔respect〕respects Polite expressions of consideration or deference: respects 敬意，问候：尊重或尊敬礼貌表达：〔Herr〕Used as a courtesy title in a German-speaking area, prefixed to the surname or professional title of a man.先生，阁下：在说德语的地区，加于人的姓或职称之前的礼貌称呼〔ungainly〕Lacking grace or ease of movement or form; clumsy.See Synonyms at awkward 不优雅的；难看的：缺乏雅致或活动的自如或礼貌的；笨拙的 参见 awkward〔offer〕 Proffer implies voluntary action motivated especially by courtesy or generosity: Proffer 暗含有因礼貌或仁慈而引起的志愿行为： 〔signora〕Used as a courtesy title for a married woman in an Italian-speaking area, equivalent toMrs. 夫人：在讲意大利语的地区对已婚妇女的礼貌称呼，相当于夫人 〔gracious〕responded to the insult with gracious humor.以礼貌的幽默回应侮辱〔goatee〕When assessing American contributions to the English language and to fashion,let us not forget thegoatee. Early comments on this style of beard appear first in American writings,making this word an Americanism.Although the style raises few eyebrows now,the early comments were not favorable:"One chap's . . . rigged out like a show monkey, with a little tag of hair hangin down under his chin jest like our old billy goat, that's a leetle too smart for this latitude, I think.”This 1842 description, found in William Tappan Thompson'sMajor Jones's Courtship, also reveals the etymology of the word.The first actual recorded occurrence of the word, found in Daniel Lee and Joseph H. Frost'sTen Years in Oregon, published in 1844,also sounds disapproving:"A few individuals . . . leave what is called, by some of their politer neighbors, a ‘goaty’ under the chin.”当评价美国人对英语和其习惯的影响时，让我们不要忘记goatee 这个词。 关于这种样式胡子的早期评论出现于美国作品，这使这个词具有美国特色。尽管这个样式现在很少有人异议，但早期的评论却是反对的：“一个小伙子…打扮得象一只表演的猴子，留着一簇蓬乱的胡子，象一只大公羊，我认为这有点太滑稽了”。这是1842年威廉·塔潘·汤普森在《乔恩上校的求婚》 中的描写， 它也表明了这个词的词源。关于这个词最初的真实记录见于丹尼尔·李和约瑟夫·H·福斯特的《在俄勒冈的十年》 ， 出版于1844年，它也持反对态度：“一些人…留着一撮被他们礼貌的邻人称作‘山羊胡子’般的胡须”〔can〕Only 21 percent of the Usage Panel acceptscan in the latter sentence. Butcan has a long history of use by educated speakers to express permission, particularly in British English.What is more, the blurring of the line betweencan and may is socially and historically inevitable, since politeness often makes the use ofcan preferable in the "permission" sense. For example, the sentenceYou can borrow my car if you like is a more gracious offer than You may borrow my car; the first presumes the granting of permission,while the second makes a point of it.Still, it is understandable that insistence on the use ofmay should become a traditional schoolroom ritual, particularly in first-person requests such as 用法专题使用小组中只有21%的成员接纳can 用于后面一句中。 但can 被受过教育的说话者用于表示许可已有很长的历史， 尤其是在大不列颠英语中。而且，can 和 may 之间不明显的界限从社会和历史渊源上说也是不可避免的， 因为礼貌常使can 的使用比较适宜“允许”这个意义。 例如，句子如你想要的话，你可以借用我的车 是比 你可以借用我的车； 亲切得多的提议， 第一句假定表示许可，而第二句却限定于这一点。然而，主张may 的用法应成为课堂内的惯例也是可以理解的， 尤其是在第一人称中，如 〔prig〕A person who demonstrates an exaggerated conformity or propriety, especially in an irritatingly arrogant or smug manner.道学先生，自命不凡者：显示近乎夸张地顺从（社会习俗）或礼貌的人，尤指带有令人生气的傲慢的或自鸣得意的神情的人〔hiragana〕A cursive kana used for polite, informal, or casual writing.平假名：一种草体的假名，用于礼貌的，非正式的或随意的书写中〔bonus〕"Every compulsion is put upon writers to become safe, polite, obedient, and sterile. In protest . . . I must decline the Pulitzer Prize" (Sinclair Lewis).“每项强迫都使作家变得本份礼貌、顺从而不出成果。为了抗议…我必须拒绝普利策奖” （辛克莱·路易斯）。〔sir〕Used as a form of polite address for a man:先生：对男性的礼貌称谓形式：〔coarse〕These adjectives apply to what is offensive to accepted standards of decency, propriety, morality, or good taste.这些形容词用于令人不快地接受礼貌、规矩、道德或好品位的标准。〔signore〕Used as a form of polite address for a man in an Italian-speaking area.先生：在讲意大利语的地区对男人的礼貌称呼方式〔fat〕Portly andstout are sometimes used as polite terms to describe fatness. In stricter applicationportly refers to a person whose bulk is combined with a stately or imposing bearing, andstout, to a person with a thickset, bulky figure: Portly 和stout 有时用作描述肥胖的礼貌用词。 在更严格的用法中，portly 指身体与一种庄严的或强加的忍耐力联系在一起的人， 而stout 指身材矮胖、粗壮的人： 〔Madam〕madam Used as a form of polite address for a woman: madam 女士：用为对妇女的礼貌称呼的形式：〔impertinent〕Exceeding the limits of propriety or good manners; improperly forward or bold:无礼的：超越了礼貌和礼仪的界限的；不恰当地自大或大胆的：〔politesse〕Courteous formality; politeness:客气的礼节；礼貌：〔smooth〕Ingratiatingly polite and agreeable.See Synonyms at suave 和谐的：礼貌和和谐得使人舒服的 参见 suave〔struggle〕struggled to be polite.尽力地做到礼貌〔urbane〕Polite, refined, and often elegant in manner.See Synonyms at suave 礼貌的，有教养，并且通常举止优雅的 参见 suave〔refined〕Free from coarseness or vulgarity; polite.幽雅的：脱离粗鲁或庸俗的；礼貌的〔signorina〕Used as a courtesy title for an unmarried woman in an Italian-speaking area, equivalent toMiss. 小姐：在讲意大利语的地区对未婚女子的礼貌称呼，相当于小姐 〔salute〕An act or a gesture of welcome, honor, or courteous recognition:致敬，颂扬：表示欢迎，尊敬或礼貌认可的行为或姿式：〔patrician〕A person of refined upbringing, manners, and tastes.有教养的人：具有良好教养、礼貌和爱好的人〔gracious〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "marked by kindness, sympathy, and unaffected politeness": 这些形容词共有的中心意义是：“以和善，同情心和不伪装的礼貌为标志的”： 〔Madam〕pl. Mes.dames[mā-dămʹ, -dämʹ] Used formerly as a courtesy title before a woman's given name but now used only before a surname or title indicating rank or office:【复数】 Mes.dames[mā-dămʹ, -dämʹ] 夫人：原用作礼貌的称呼，放在妇女的名字之前，但现只用于姓或头衔之前表示地位或官职：〔inflexible〕Polite but inflexible, she would not be deflected from her intention.她礼貌但很坚决，绝不放弃自己的目标。〔unmannered〕Lacking good manners; rude.粗野的：缺乏良好的举止或礼貌的；粗鲁的〔civility〕Courteous behavior; politeness.文明举止；礼貌〔comity〕An atmosphere of social harmony.礼貌：社会和谐的气氛〔mannerly〕With good manners; politely.有良好礼貌地；礼貌地 |
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