| 单词 | 社会主义 |
| 释义 | 〔utopianism〕The ideals or principles of a utopian; idealistic and impractical social theory.乌托邦思想及理论：空想社会主义者的理想或原则；理想但不切实际的社会主义学说〔Qaddafi〕Libyan political leader who seized power in a military coup d'état against the Libyan monarchy (1969) and imposed socialist policies and Islamic orthodoxy on the country.卡扎菲，穆埃玛·阿尔：(生于 1942) 利比亚政治领袖，在一场反对利比亚君主专政(1969年）的军事政变中，夺取了政权并向国民强制施行社会主义政策和伊斯兰正统思想〔Castro〕Cuban revolutionary leader who overthrew the corrupt regime of the dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and established a socialist state. He has supported other liberation struggles in Latin America and Africa and maintained close ties with the Soviet Union.卡斯特罗，菲德尔：(生于 1927) 古巴革命领导者，在1959年推翻了独裁者弗尔根西欧·巴蒂斯塔的腐败统治并建立了社会主义国家。他曾支持拉丁美洲和非洲一些其他解放运动，并和苏联保持着密切的联系〔socialism〕The building of the material base for communism under the dictatorship of the proletariat in Marxist-Leninist theory.社会主义物质基础的建立：马克思列宁主义理论中在无产阶级专政下共产主义物质基础的建立〔Nazi〕A member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power in 1933 under Adolf Hitler.纳粹分子：德国国家社会主义工人党成员，1919在德国建立，1933年由阿道夫·希特勒统治〔Moldavia〕Also Mol.da.vi.an Soviet Socialist Republic [-dāʹvē-ən, -dāvʹyən] A constituent republic of southwest European U.S.S.R. bordering on Romania. Comprised of lands acquired by Russia from the Romanian region of Moldavia in 1791, 1793, and 1812 and (after 1940) part of Bessarabia, it was established as an autonomous republic in 1924 and became a constituent republic in 1940. Kishinev is the capital. Population, 4,111,000. 也作 Mol.da.vi.an Soviet Socialist Republic [-dāʹvē-ən, -dāvʹyən] 摩尔达维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国：苏联欧洲部分西南部的一个有制宪权的共和国，与罗马尼亚接壤。包括俄国于1791年，1995年和1812年从罗马尼压亚夺取的摩尔达维亚地区和(1940年后）一部分比萨拉比亚，1924年建立成为一个自治共和国并于1940年成为一个有制宪权的共和国。基什尼奥夫是首都。人口4,111,000〔Castroism〕The political and socioeconomic principles and policies of Fidel Castro.卡斯特罗主义：非代尔·卡斯特罗的政治及社会主义经济原则和政策〔allegorize〕a story of barnyard animals that allegorizes the fate of Soviet socialism.讲述关于谷仓前空地上动物的故事讽喻了苏维埃社会主义的命运〔Marxism〕The political and economic ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, specifically a system of thought in which the concept of class struggle plays a primary role in analyzing Western society in general and in understanding its allegedly inevitable development from bourgeois oppression under capitalism to a socialist society and thence to Communism.马克思主义：卡尔·马克思和佛雷德里奇·恩格斯的政治、经济理论，尤指其思想体系。该思想体系中，阶级斗争观念对于西方社会的总体分析以及资本主义阶级压迫、资产阶级最终由社会主义社会所代替并最终到达共产主义的分析上起着重要的作用〔Luxemburg〕German socialist leader who cofounded (1918) the Spartacus Party, which became the German Communist Party. She was arrested after the Sparticist uprising in 1919 and subsequently murdered. Luxemburg's theoretical works includeAccumulation of Capital (1913). 卢森堡，罗萨：(1870-1919) 德国社会主义运动领袖，1918年参与创立斯巴达克同盟，后成为德国共产党。她在1919年斯巴达克同盟组织的起义中被逮捕随后被杀害。她的理论著作有《资本的积累》 （1913年） 〔Engels〕German socialist theorist and writer who met Karl Marx in Paris in 1844 and collaborated with him onThe Communist Manifesto (1848). 恩格斯，弗雷德里希：(1820-1895) 德国社会主义理论家及作家，1844年他在巴黎与卡尔·马克思相逢并从此与其开始合作《共产党宣言》 （1848年） 〔Ruthenia〕A region of western European U.S.S.R. in the Ukraine south of the Carpathian Mountains. It was once a province of Czechoslovakia (1918-1939) and was annexed by the U.S.S.R. in 1945.罗塞尼亚：苏联欧洲部分西部一地区，在喀尔巴阡山南部乌克兰境内。曾是捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国的一个省(1918-1939年），后来在1945年被苏联合并〔Nesbit〕British writer of children's books best known for her modern fairy tales and fantasies, notablyFive Children and It (1902). She was a founder of the socialist Fabian Society. 奈斯比特：英国儿童书籍作家，因其现代童话和幻想小说而著称，尤其是《许愿精灵》 (1902)。她是倡导社会主义的费边社的创始人 〔Thomas〕American socialist leader. A founder of the American Civil Liberties Union (1920), he was the Socialist Party candidate for President six times between 1928 and 1948.托马斯，诺尔曼·马图恩：(1884-1968) 美国社会主义领袖，作为美国公民自由联盟(1920年）的创始人于1928至1948年间六次作为社会主义党的总统候选人〔Tajik〕A member of a people inhabiting the Tadzhik S.S.R. and neighboring areas in the U.S.S.R., Afghanistan, and China.塔吉克人：居住在塔吉克苏维埃社会主义共和国和相邻的原苏联、阿富汗和中国地区内民族成员〔Debs〕American labor organizer and socialist leader who ran unsuccessfully for President five times between 1900 and 1920.德布兹，尤金·维克托：(1855-1926) 美国劳工组织和社会主义领袖，从1900年到1920年五次竞选社会党总统的职位，均失利〔Marx〕German philosopher, economist, and revolutionary. With the help and support of Friedrich Engels he wroteThe Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1867-1894). These works explain historical development in terms of the interaction of contradictory economic forces, form the basis of all communist theory, and have had a profound influence on the social sciences. 马克思，卡尔：(1818-1883) 德国哲学家、经济学家、革命者。在弗雷德里奇·恩格斯的支持和帮助下，完成著作《共产党宣言》 （1848年）和 《资本论》 （1867-1894年）。这些著作从对立的经济力量相互作用、相互影响的角度阐述了历史的进步与发展，成为社会主义的理论基础，在社会科学的许多方面产生深远的影响 〔Barcelona〕A city of northeast Spain on the Mediterranean Sea. Founded by the Carthaginians, it prospered under the Romans and Visigoths, fell to the Moors in 713, and was taken by Charlemagne's Frankish troops in 801. It has long been a center of Catalan separatism and of anarchic, socialist, and syndicalist movements. Population, 1,770,296.巴塞罗那：西班牙东北部临地中海的一个城市，由迦太基人建立，罗马人和西哥特人统治时一度繁荣，于713年落于摩尔人手中，801年又被查理曼尼的法兰克军队接管。曾长时间成为加泰罗尼亚分离主义和无政府主义，社会主义、工联主义运动的中心。人口1,770,296〔socialist〕Often Socialist A member of a political party or group that advocates socialism. 常作 Socialist 社会党人：倡导社会主义的政党或政治团体的成员〔socialist〕Socialist Of, belonging to, or constituting a socialist party or political group. Socialist 社会党的：属于、构成社会主义政党或政治团体的〔socialize〕To place under government or group ownership or control.使社会主义化：置于社会或集体所有或控制之下〔Blanc〕French political theorist whose writings, most notablyOrganization of Work (1839), are among the most influential early socialist treatises. 布兰克，路易斯：(1811-1882) 法国政治理论家，其最著名的著作《工作组织》 （1839年），为最有影响的早期社会主义论文之一 〔noise〕"The U.S. is making appropriately friendly noises to the new Socialist Government"(Flora Lewis)“美国正发表适当的言论以引起新的社会主义政府的注意”(弗洛拉·刘易斯)〔Moscow〕The capital and largest city of the U.S.S.R., in the west-central European part of the country on theMoscow River, flowing about 499 km (310 mi) eastward to the Oka River. Inhabited since Neolithic times and first mentioned in Russian chronicles in 1147, Moscow became the capital of the principality of Muscovy and by the 15th century was the capital of the Russian state and the seat of the metropolitan (later patriarch) of the Russian Orthodox Church. The capital was transferred to St. Petersburg in 1712 but returned to Moscow by the Soviets in 1918. It was the site of the 1980 Summer Olympics. Population, 8,408,000. 莫斯科：原苏联首都和最大城市，位于该国欧洲部分的中西部，市区的一部分位于莫斯科河 上，该河流程约499公里(310英里），向东注入奥卡河。自新石器时代有人居住，于1147年在俄国编年史中首次提到，并成为莫斯科公国的首都，到15世纪成为俄罗斯州的首都和俄罗斯东正主教的所有地。首都于1712年移到圣彼得堡，但后来于1918年被社会主义党人又移回莫斯科。1980年夏季奥运会在此召开。人口8,408,000 〔guildsman〕An advocate of guild socialism.基尔特社会主义者：基尔特社会主义的提倡者〔socialist〕Of, promoting, or practicing socialism.社会主义的：提倡实施社会主义的〔soviet〕Often Soviet Of or relating to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 常作 Soviet 苏联的：苏维埃社会主义共和国联邦的或与之有关的〔Fourierism〕A system for social reform advocated by Charles Fourier in the early 19th century, proposing that society be organized into small self-sustaining communal groups.傅立叶空想社会主义：由查尔斯·傅立叶于19世纪早期提出的社会改革形式，设想建立由自给自主的基层组织构成的理想社会〔international〕Any of several socialist organizations of international scope formed during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.共产国际：19世纪后期以及20世纪初期形成的多个国际范围的社会主义组织之一〔Georgian〕Of or relating to the Georgian S.S.R. or its people, language, or culture.格鲁吉亚的：格鲁吉亚苏维埃社会主义共和国的，其人民、语言或文化的或与之有关的〔socialist〕An advocate of socialism.社会主义者：社会主义的支持者〔bund〕Often Bund A European Jewish socialist movement founded in Russia in 1897. 常作 Bund 1897年在俄国发起的欧洲犹太人社会主义运动〔socialistic〕Of, advocating, or tending toward socialism.社会主义的：倡导或倾向于社会主义的〔Nazi〕short for Nationalsozialistische deutsche Arbeiter-Partei [National Socialist German Workers' Party] Nationalsozialistische deutsche Arbeiter-Partei的简写 [德国国家社会主义工人党] 〔Bismarck〕Creator and first chancellor of the German Empire (1871-1890). Instrumental in victory over Austria (1866) and the creation of the North German Confederation (1867), he instituted during his chancellorship sweeping social reforms by which he sought to stop the advance of German socialism.俾斯麦，奥托·爱德华·利奥波德·冯：(1815-1898) 日耳曼帝国（1871-1890年）的创建者和第一任元首。在战胜奥地利（1866年）和建立北日耳曼联邦（1867年）中起重要作用，在任元首期间，他大刀阔斧地实行改革，以求停止日耳曼社会主义的推进〔antagonism〕the inherent antagonism of capitalism and socialism.资本主义和社会主义的根本对立状态〔Nazi〕Of, relating to, controlled by, or typical of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.德国国社党的：属于，关于或由典型的德国国家社会主义工人党控制的〔Ingushetia〕An autonomous republic of southwest Russia in the northern Caucasus west of Chechnya. Conquered by Russia in the 19th century, it became the Ingush Autonomous Region (1924) and later formed (with Chechnya) a part of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936). Ingushetia approved separation from Chechnya in a referendum (1991) and became an autonomous republic within the Russian Federation the following year.印古什共和国：俄罗斯西南部自治共和国，位于车臣以西的高加索北部。19世纪被俄罗斯征服后成为印古什自治区（1924年），后来成为车臣-印古什自治苏维埃社会主义共和国的一部分（1936年）。经公民投票表决同意印古什脱离车臣（1991年）并于第二年成为俄罗斯联邦的自治共和国〔Baathist〕A member of a pan-Arab socialist political party active principally in Syria and Iraq.巴提党员，叙利亚社会党党员：主要活跃于叙利亚和伊拉克的泛阿拉伯社会主义政党中一员〔Tatarstan〕An autonomous republic of west-central Russia. The site of a powerful Bulgar state after the 8th century, the region was conquered by Mongols in the 13th century and by Moscow in 1552. The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established in 1920, and in 1991 it declared its independence. Along with Chechnya, the republic was not a signatory to the 1992 treaty that created the Russian Federation, but it did join later, in 1994.鞑靼斯坦共和国：俄罗斯中西部自治共和国。8世纪后是强大的保加利亚人国家所在地，13世纪鞑靼斯坦被蒙古人统治，1552年由莫斯科管辖。鞑靼自治苏维埃社会主义共和国成立于1920年并于1991年宣告独立。鞑靼斯坦共和国和车臣地区都未签署1992年成立俄罗斯联邦的条约，但随后在1994年鞑靼斯坦共和国加入俄罗斯联邦 |
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