| 单词 | 社会制度 |
| 释义 | 〔patriarchal〕a patriarchal social system.父权制社会制度〔destructionist〕One who believes in or advocates destruction, especially of existing social institutions.破坏主义者：信奉或提倡毁灭（尤指现存的社会制度）的人〔romanticism〕Often Romanticism An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions. 常作 Romanticism 浪漫主义运动：起源于18世纪末期欧洲的一种对大自然有强烈的兴趣且注重个人情感和想象力的表达的艺术和知识上的运动，它与古典主义的观点和形式相悖并反对公认的社会制度和习俗〔socialism〕A social system in which the means of producing and distributing goods are owned collectively and political power is exercised by the whole community.社会主义：生产资料和产品分配归公有，政治权力由整个社会实施的一种社会制度〔counterrevolution〕A revolution whose aim is the deposition and reversal of a political or social system set up by a previous revolution.反对前次革命的革命：意在取消或改变由前一次革命所建立的政治或社会制度而进行的革命〔patriarchy〕A social system in which the father is the head of the family and descent is traced through the father's side of the family.父权制社会制度：一种社会制度，父亲是家族的首脑，后代按父方家族的血统追溯〔totemism〕A social system based on affiliations to totems.图腾制度：基于图腾的紧密联系之上的一种社会制度〔territorialism〕A social system that gives authority and influence in a state to the landowners.地主阶级统治制：一种将国家的权威和影响力赋予地主的社会制度〔tokenism〕"Tokenism does not change stereotypes of social systems but works to preserve them, since it dulls the revolutionary impulse"(Mary Daly)“装点门面这种做法并不改变社会制度的模式，反而可以巩固这种制度，因为它可以磨灭革命的冲动”(玛丽·戴利)〔socialism〕The theory or practice of those who support such a social system.社会主义理论：支持这种社会制度的理论和实践〔chivalry〕The Age of Chivalry was also the age of the horse.Bedecked in elaborate armor and other trappings,horses were certainly well dressedalthough they might have wished for lighter loads.That the horse should be featured so prominently during the Age of Chivalryis etymologically appropriate,becausechivalry goes back to the Latin word caballus, "horse, especially a riding horse or packhorse.”Borrowed from French, as were so many other important words having to do with medieval English culture,the English wordchivalry is first recorded in works composed around the beginning of the 14th century and is found in several senses,including "a body of armored mounted warriors serving a lord" and "knighthood as a ceremonially conferred rank in the social system.”Our modern sense,"the medieval system of knighthood,”could not exist until the passage of several centuries had allowed the perspective for such a conceptualization,with this sense being recorded first in 1765.骑士时代同时也是马的时代。马被用精美的铠甲和其它马饰打扮起来，它们显然穿戴得很好，虽然它们可能会喜欢稍轻一些的负担。在骑士时代马被放在如此显要的地位，这从词源学上来看是恰当的，因为chivalry 一词可追溯到拉丁语中 caballus 一词， 即“马，尤其是用来骑的马或驮马”的意思。象与中世纪英国文化有关的许多其它重要的词一样，英语中chivalry 一词也是从法语中借用来的，最初出现在大约写于14世纪初的书籍中， 当时有好几个含义，其中包括：“为一名贵族服务的一队穿着铠甲、骑着马的武士”和“作为一种被正式授予的社会制度中等级的骑士资格”。我们现代的意义，即“中世纪的骑士制度”，是在几个世纪以后对这样一个概念的视角成为可能之时才出现的，这个意义最早出现在文字记载中是1765年〔Turkism〕The culture, religion, or social system of the Turks.土耳其风尚：土耳其人的文化，宗教或社会制度 |
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