| 单词 | 社会地位 |
| 释义 | 〔elitism〕The belief that certain persons or members of certain classes or groups deserve favored treatment by virtue of their perceived superiority, as in intellect, social status, or financial resources.精英优越论：认为在某些类或群体中的特定人或成员因其明显的超于常人的优点（例如在智力、社会地位或经济来源方面）所应该享受较好的待遇〔marginalize〕To relegate or confine to a lower or outer limit or edge, as of social standing.使处于社会边缘：被降低或限制在一个下限或外限或边缘，如社会地位〔caste〕The social position or status conferred by a system based on castes:社会地位：等级制度所授予的社会地位：〔degree〕Relative social or official rank, dignity, or position.地位，身份：相应的社会地位或军衔、尊严或职务〔quality〕Those in a high social position.贵族：拥有高的社会地位的人〔scale〕judging divers' performances on a scale of 1 to 10; a family that ranks high on the social scale.从1到10分等级判定跳水者的表演；社会地位高的家族〔matron〕A married woman or a widow, especially a mother of dignity, mature age, and established social position.夫人，已婚妇女：结婚的妇女或寡妇，尤指有一定社会地位的、成熟年龄的、有身份的母亲〔heritage〕a heritage of affluence and social position.与生俱来的富有和社会地位〔credentialism〕Overemphasis on diplomas or degrees in giving jobs or conferring social status:文凭主义：在提供工作或给予社会地位时过分注重文凭或学位：〔gentlewoman〕A woman acting as a personal attendant to a lady of rank.女仆，侍女：作为有社会地位的女士的私人随从的妇女〔unequal〕Not the same as another in rank or social position.不平等的：在级别和社会地位上与别人不相同的〔uplift〕To raise to a higher social, intellectual, or moral level or condition.提高：在社会地位，文化，道德水准或状况方面提高〔hobnob〕The fact that hobnobbing with our social betters may at times be a hit-or-miss propositionhas an etymological justification.The verbhobnob originally meant "to drink together" and occurred as a varying phrase,hob or nob, hob-a-nob, or hob and nob, the first of which is recorded in 1763.This phrasal form reflects the origins of the verb in similar phrasesthat were used when two people were toasting each other.The probable reason that the phrases were so used is thathob is a variant of hab, asnob is of nab, and that these in turn are probably forms of have and its negative. In Middle English, for example, one finds the formshabbe, "to have,” and nabbe, "not to have.” Hab or nab, or simply hab nab, thus meant "get or lose, hit or miss,” and the varianthob-nob also meant "hit or miss.” Used in the drinking phrase,hob or nob would have probably meant "give or take,” and from a drinking situationhob nob spread to other forms of chumminess. 与社会地位比我们高的人亲切交谈有时候是一种随随便便的行为，这种事实是有语源学上的根据的。动词hobnob 的初义为“一起喝酒”， 并有许多变体，如hob or nob ， hob-a-nob 或 hob and nob ， 其中第一个首见于1763年的记录中。这种词组构成反应了类似词组中的动词来源，他们都用于两个人互相敬酒的情况。这种词组如此使用的原因可能因为hob 是 hab 的变体， 而nob 是 nab 的变体，而且这两者又可能是 have 和其否定式的变体。 例如人们在中古英语中可发现habbe “有”和 nabbe “没有”的形式。 Hab or nab 或简作 hab nab， 就指“得到或失去，成功或不成功”， 其变体hob-nob 也有同样的意思“成功或不成功”。 在与饮酒有关的词汇中，hob or nob 可能指“自饮或敬酒，” 并从饮酒情况下使用的hob nob 扩展到其他亲密的场合 〔climber〕A person who avidly seeks a higher social or professional position.野心家：渴望寻找更高的社会地位或职位的人〔declass〕To lower in class or status.降低社会地位或阶层〔Kollontai〕Russian revolutionary and writer who joined the Social-Democratic Worker's Party (1898) despite her privileged social position. After the October Revolution (1917) she advocated sweeping reforms in traditional customs and institutions.柯伦泰，亚历山大·米哈伊洛维纳：(1872-1952) 俄国革命者和作家，她不顾享有有特权的社会地位，而加入了社会民主工人党（1898年）。十月革命以后（1917年），她主张对传统的习惯和制度进行彻底的变革〔estate〕Social position or rank, especially of high order.社会等级：社会地位或等级，特别是指较高社会地位〔sphere〕The extent of a person's knowledge, interests, or social position.范围，地位：一个人的知识范围、兴趣范围或社会地位〔rank〕A relative position in a society.社会地位，社会阶层：在社会中所处的相对位置〔esquire〕A male belonging to the gentry in England and ranking directly below a knight.绅士：士族地位次于骑士的或在中上阶层有一定社会地位的男士〔adventurer〕One that attempts to gain wealth and social position by unscrupulous means.投机取巧者：用不正当手段谋求财富及社会地位者〔concubine〕In certain societies, such as imperial China, a woman contracted to a man as a secondary wife, often having few legal rights and low social status.妾，小老婆，如夫人：在某些社会中，例如中国的封建社会，充当男人第二个妻子的女人，她们一般很少有法定权利和社会地位〔cavalier〕Abbr. cav.A gallant or chivalrous man, especially one serving as escort to a woman of high social position; a gentleman.缩写 cav.骑士风度的男子：英勇的或有骑士风度的男子，尤制护送具有较高社会地位的妇女的人；绅士〔adventuress〕A woman who seeks social and financial advancement by unscrupulous means.女投机者：以不正当手段谋求社会地位及金融发展的妇女〔degrade〕 Demean suggests lowering in social position: Demean 含有社会地位上的下降： 〔sentencing〕"Prosecutors and sentencing judges alike try to deal with individuals on an individual basis, without regard to social status"(Hiller B. Zobel)“检举人和宣判的法官同样力图在个人的基础上对待个人，而不考虑社会地位”(希勒B.佐贝尔)〔gentry〕People of gentle birth, good breeding, or high social position.出身名门者：出身高贵的人，有良好的教养或高层社会地位的人〔pariah〕In the wordpariah, which can be used for anyone who is a social outcast, independent of social position,we have a reminder of a much more rigid social system,where only certain people could be pariahs.The caste system of India placed members of the pariah caste very low in society;until 1949 they were also known asuntouchables. The wordpariah, however, which we have extended in meaning, came into English from Tamil paṛaiyar, the plural of paṛaiyan, the caste name, which literally means “(hereditary) drummer"and comes from the wordpaṛai, the name of a drum used at certain festivals. The word is first recorded in English in 1613.Its use in English and its extension in use probably owe much to the close relationship that developed between Great Britain and India.Indeed, many of the British servants in India were from the pariah caste.pariah 一词能用于任何一个被社会遗弃的人， 不管他的社会地位如何，在这个词中，对我们有一个更严酷的社会体制的暗示，在这种体制下，仅仅某些特定的人才能成为被社会遗弃的人。印度的社会体制把被遗弃者的社会地位订得很低，直到1949年这些人还仍旧被称作是不可接触者 。 然而，我们已经扩展了含义的pariah 一词从泰米尔语 paraiyar 即 paraiyan 的复数转入英语中来， 字面含义是“（世袭）鼓手”，源于一种特定节日用的鼓名parai 。 1613年这个词首次在英语中有所记录。它在英文中的运用和用法的扩展可能很大程度是由于大不列颠和印度的密切关系。的确，在印度许多英国人的佣人都来自于贱民阶层〔berdache〕Among certain Native American peoples, a person, usually a male, who assumes the sexual identity and is granted the social status of the opposite sex.娈童：在某些美国土著人中，通常指男性假扮异性并被给予异性的社会地位的人〔demean〕To debase, as in dignity or social standing:贬抑：在尊严或社会地位上受到贬低：〔ascent〕An advancement, especially in social status.攀升：提升，尤指在社会地位上〔bourgeois〕Held to be preoccupied with respectability and material values.渴求名利的：执迷于社会地位和物质财富的〔station〕Social position; rank.社会地位；等级〔snob〕Earlier snob [cobbler, lower-class person, person who aspires to social prominence] 较早期 snob [补鞋匠，低阶层人物，追求显著社会地位的人] 〔quality〕High social position.高贵身份：高的社会地位〔make〕Aggressively striving for financial or social improvement:拼命追求经济上或社会地位上的提高：〔gentleman〕A man of gentle or noble birth or superior social position:绅士：有身份的、出身高贵的或有较高社会地位的男子：〔mobile〕an upwardly mobile generation.社会地位上升的一代人〔condition〕Social position; rank.社会地位；身份〔demimonde〕A group whose respectability is dubious or whose success is marginal:名声不好的人：其体面的社会地位令人怀疑或其成功被视为微不足道的人的团体： |
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