| 单词 | 社会民主 |
| 释义 | 〔Kollontai〕Russian revolutionary and writer who joined the Social-Democratic Worker's Party (1898) despite her privileged social position. After the October Revolution (1917) she advocated sweeping reforms in traditional customs and institutions.柯伦泰，亚历山大·米哈伊洛维纳：(1872-1952) 俄国革命者和作家，她不顾享有有特权的社会地位，而加入了社会民主工人党（1898年）。十月革命以后（1917年），她主张对传统的习惯和制度进行彻底的变革〔Hume〕Politician of Northern Ireland. Head of the Social Democratic and Labour Party since 1979, Hume shared the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize with David Trimble for working to establish peace in Northern Ireland.休姆，约翰：北爱尔兰政治家。自1979年起担任社会民主和劳动党领袖，由于休姆与戴维·川保在建立北爱尔兰和平中所做的努力，他们共同获得1998年诺贝尔和平奖〔Bolshevik〕A member of the left-wing majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party that adopted Lenin's theses on party organization in 1903.布尔什维克：俄国社会民主工人党占多数派的左翼成员，该党于1903年接受了列宁建党理论〔Bolshevik〕The wordBolshevik, an emotionally charged term in English, is derived from a very common word in Russian,bol'she, "bigger, more,” the comparative form ofbol'shoĭ, "big.” The nameBol'shevik was given to the faction in the majority at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party in 1903 (the term is first recorded in English in 1907).The smaller faction was known asMen'sheviki, from men'she, "less, smaller,” the comparative ofmalyĭ, "little, few.” TheBol'sheviki, who sided with Lenin in the split that followed the Congress, subsequently became the Russian Communist Party.In 1952 the wordBol'shevik was dropped as an official term in the Soviet Union, but it had long since passed into other languages, including English.It had even spawned the slang termbolshie, though there is nomenshie. 单词Bolshevik 在英语中是带有感情色彩的单词， 来源于俄语中非常普通的词bol'she “较大的，较多的”， 是bol'shoi “大”的比较级形式。 Bol'shevik 这个名字是给予1903年俄国社会民主工人党第二次大会时的多数派的 （英语中最早记有该词是1907年）。少数派即著名的Men'sheviki 来源于 men'she， “较少，较小”， 是malyi “小，少”的比较级形式。 Bol'sheviki ，即讨论会后分裂时站在列宁一边的那些人， 后来成为俄国共产党。1952年，Bol'shevik 一词成为苏联的官方术语。 但它已传入包括英语的其他语言。它甚至衍生了一个俚语词bolshie， 尽管不存在menshie 〔Bolshevik〕A member of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party that seized power in that country in November 1917.布尔什维克：在1917年11月夺取国家政权的俄国社会民主工人党成员 |
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