| 单词 | 祭祀 |
| 释义 | 〔hecatomb〕A sacrifice to the ancient Greek and Roman gods consisting originally of 100 oxen or cattle.百牲祭：献给古希腊和罗马诸神的祭祀，最初由一百头牛或家畜组成〔Lupercalia〕A fertility festival in ancient Rome, celebrated on February 15 in honor of the pastoral god Lupercus.牧神节：古罗马每年2月15日祭祀畜牧神卢比克斯以求兴旺的节日〔hecatomb〕A large-scale sacrifice or slaughter.大献祭：大规模祭祀或屠宰〔sacrifice〕The act of offering something to a deity in propitiation or homage, especially the ritual slaughter of an animal or a person.献祭：为表赎罪或崇敬而向神供奉东西的行为，尤指杀死动物或人而祭祀〔Philae〕A former island in the Nile River of southeast Egypt. Site of many ancient temples and monuments, it was particularly noted for its temple dedicated to Isis. The island is now covered by the waters of Lake Nasser.菲莱：原是埃及东南部尼罗河中的一个岛屿，是许多古代庙宇和纪念碑的废址，尤以祭祀司生育与繁殖的艾希丝女神的庙宇而闻名，这个岛现在被纳塞湖的水淹没〔piacular〕from piāculum [propitiatory sacrifice] 源自 piāculum [劝解祭祀] 〔macabre〕The wordmacabre is an excellent example of a word formed with reference to a specific context that has long since disappeared for everyone but scholars. Macabre is first recorded in the phrase Macabrees daunce in a work written around 1430 by John Lydgate. Lydgate expressed it so because he thoughtMacabree was a French author, although he was actually dealing with the Old French phraseDanse Macabre, "the Dance of Death,” a subject of art and literature.In this dance,Death leads people of all classes and walks of life to the same final end.Themacabre element is thought by some to be an alteration of Macabe , "a Maccabee.” The Maccabees were Jewish martyrswho were honored by a feast throughout the Western Church,and reverence for them was linked to reverence for the dead.One of the biblical books of Maccabees also contains a passage (II Maccabees 12:43-45) mentioning sacrifices for the dead and their future resurrection,which has been used to defend the doctrine of Purgatory.Todaymacabre has no connection with the Maccabees and little connection with the Dance of Death,but it still has to do with death.单词macabre 是一个极好的例子，创造该词的来龙去脉除了学者之外早已被世人所遗忘。 Macabre 最早见于短语 Macabrees daunce 是在1430年前后约翰·利德盖特写的一本书中。 利德盖特这样表达是因为他认为Macabree 是源于法语的词， 实际上他指的是一个古老的法语短语Danse Macabre， “死神之舞，” 一个艺术与文学的主题。在这个舞蹈中，死神把各种各样的人带到了同一个终点。有人认为macabre 是 Macabe 的变体，“马加比人”。 马加比们就是那些犹太殉道者，在天主教会中通过节日表达对他们的敬意，对他们的尊敬和对死的敬畏是联系在一起的。基督教典籍中关于马加比人的书中有一段文字（Ⅱ马加比人12:43-45)提到对死者的祭祀和他们未来的复活，这段文字被用来捍卫关于炼狱的教义。今天macabre 与马加比人毫无联系， 与死神之舞相关甚少，但它仍与死亡有关〔ritual〕The body of ceremonies or rites used in a place of worship.宗教仪式：用于祭祀场所的礼仪或仪式的主体部分〔Pentecostal〕Of, relating to, or being any of various Christian religious congregations whose members seek to be filled with the Holy Spirit, in emulation of the Apostles at Pentecost.圣灵降临节的：属于、关于或是基督徒通过在祭祀中模仿基督使者降临,祈求圣灵充满内心的各种宗教集会〔species〕The outward appearance or form of the Eucharistic elements that is retained after their consecration.祭祀后留下的圣餐品的外形或轮廓〔orgy〕The wordorgy has become connected in the minds of many of us with unrestrained sexual activity, but its origins are much less licentious.We can trace the word as far back as the Indo-European rootwerg-, meaning "to do"and the source of our wordwork. Greekorgia, "secret rites, worship,” also comes from the rootwerg-, by way of the form.worg-. The Greek word was used with reference to the worship and the ritespracticed in the worship of various deities,such as Orpheus and Dionysus.The word in Greek did not denote sexual activity,although this was a part of some of the various rites.The rites of Dionysus, for example, included only music, dancing, drinking, and the eating of animal sacrifices.Having passed through Latin and Old French into Englishthe wordorgy is first recorded in English with reference to the secret rites of the Greek and Roman religions in 1589. It is interesting to note that the word is first recorded with its modern sense in 18th-century English and perhaps in 17th-century French.Whether this speaks to a greater licentiousness in society or not must be left to the historian,but certainly the religious nature of the word has gone into eclipse.单词orgy 已经以不加节制的性行为的概念深植于我们许多人的头脑之中， 但它的原意却并非是很放荡的。我们可以追溯该词到印欧的词根werg- 当中， 意思是“做”，并且是我们work 一词的来源。 希腊语orgia, “秘密仪式，崇拜”， 也来源于词根werg-， 形式为worg- 。 希腊语中用其指崇拜以及一些仪式，这些仪式用于表达对各神明的崇拜，比如俄耳甫斯和狄俄尼索斯。该词在希腊语中并不是表示性行为，尽管性行为也是各种仪式中的一个部分。例如，狄俄尼索斯的仪式中仅仅包括音乐、舞蹈、饮酒和吃祭祀动物。从拉丁语和古法语转到英语，orgy 这一词在1589年首次在英文有记载表示希腊和罗马秘密宗教仪式含义。 有趣的是，该词早在18世纪也许17世纪就已有其现代意义的首次记载了。不论它是不是指社会中的一种大型的狂欢节（这是历史学家的事了），有一点是非常明确的，那就是这个词的宗教本质已经逐渐消失了〔species〕Either of the consecrated elements of the Eucharist.圣餐物：两种祭祀用圣餐品之一〔sacred〕Dedicated or devoted exclusively to a single use, purpose, or person:祭祀的：专门用于一种用处、目的或人的：〔ithyphallic〕Of or relating to the phallus carried in the ancient festival of Bacchus.阴茎形象的：在古代祭祀酒神巴克斯时，所抬的阴茎形像的；或与此有关的〔sedile〕One of a set of seats, usually three, provided in some Roman Catholic and Anglican churches for the use of the presiding clergy, traditionally placed on the epistle side of the choir near the altar, and in Gothic-style churches often built into the wall.祭祀席：一排坐席（通常是三个）中的一个，在罗马天主教和英国国教中为主祭祀供用，传统上置于靠近祭坛的合唱团的使徒书边，在哥特式建筑风格的教堂里经常被置于墙的里面 |
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