| 单词 | 种族隔离 |
| 释义 | 〔Mandela〕South African Black political leader imprisoned for nearly 30 years for his anti-apartheid activities. He was released in February 1990. His wife,Winnie (born c. 1936), maintained strong leadership of the movement during Mandela's imprisonment. 曼德拉，纳尔逊·罗利哈拉：(生于 1918) 南非黑人政治领袖，他由于从事反种族隔离活动而被监禁了近30年。在1990年2月被释放。他的妻子温妮 （生于1936年）在曼德拉被监禁期间仍掌握着运动的强有力的领导权 〔Hertzog〕South African general and politician. A leader in the Boer War (1899-1902), he formed the Afrikaner Nationalist Party (1914) to oppose the country's cooperation with Great Britain. As prime minister (1924-1939) he sought greater national independence and instituted apartheid policies.赫佐格，詹姆斯·巴里·孟尼克：(1866-1942) 南非将军，政治家。他作为布尔战争(1899-1902年）中的领导人，组成了非洲国民党(1914年）反对南非与英国的合作。在提任总理期间(1924-1939年），他寻求更大的民族独立性并创立了种族隔离政策〔Tutu〕South African prelate. A leader in the antiapartheid struggle, he has been a prominent advocate of international economic sanctions against South Africa. He won the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize.图图，德斯蒙德：(生于 1931) 南非主教。种族隔离斗争的领袖，他是对南非的国际经济制裁的重要拥护者，他获得了1984年诺贝尔和平奖〔segregation〕The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society.种族隔离：强制实行种族的社会分离政策及实践，如在学校、居住和工业中，尤指在白人居多的社会中实行有色人种岐视的政策〔Luthuli〕Zulu leader who advocated nonviolent resistance against apartheid. He won the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize.鲁图利，阿尔贝特·约翰：(1898-1967) 祖鲁族首领，提倡非暴力的抵制种族隔离，获1960年诺贝尔和平奖〔integrate〕To open to people of all races or ethnic groups without restriction; desegregate.使获得平等待遇：面向所有种族或宗教团体而无任何限制；取消种族隔离〔criticize〕"reprehends students who have protested apartheid" (New York Times). “严厉谴责那些宣扬种族隔离政策的学生” （《纽约时报》）。〔resegregation〕Renewal of segregation, as in a school system, after a period of desegregation.对…重新实行种族隔离：在种族隔离制度一度取消后重新实行的种族隔离，如在学校系统中〔antiapartheid〕Opposing the system of official racial segregation in South Africa:反种族隔离的：反南非官方种族隔离制度的：〔Meredith〕American civil rights advocate whose registration (1963) at the traditionally segregated University of Mississippi prompted a riot, which was spurred by state officials who defied federal pleas for peaceful integration.麦勒迪斯，詹姆斯·霍华德：(生于 1933) 美国民权倡导者，在1963年进入历来实行种族隔离的密西西比大学，并引发了一场骚乱，那些不顾联邦政府和平解决种族平等待遇的呼吁的州府官员们对这场骚乱起了推动作用〔Clark〕Panamanian-born American psychologist and author who demonstrated the psychological effects of racial segregation and ghetto life, influencing the Supreme Court ruling inBrown v. Board of Education (1954). 克拉克，肯尼思·班克罗夫特：(生于 1914) 巴拿马裔美国心理学家和作家，揭示了种族隔离和少数民族聚集区生活的心理效应，影响了最高法院对布朗 ， 教育局 案的裁定（1954年） 〔unsegregated〕Not segregated, especially not racially segregated.未隔离的，尤其是未被种族隔离的〔integration〕The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation.种族或宗教融合：在社会或组织中，使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中；取消种族隔离〔township〕A racially segregated area in South Africa established by the government as a residence for people of color.种族：在南非由政府建立的一种族隔离区域，作为有色人种的居住区〔desegregate〕To become open to members of all races or ethnic groups.开放，废除种族隔离：向所有种族开放〔integrationist〕One who advocates or works for social integration.主张或为取消种族隔离而工作的人〔Botha〕South African prime minister (1978-1989) who defended and upheld apartheid despite international protest.博萨，彼得·威廉：(生于 1916) 南非总理（1978-1989年），他不顾国际抗议继续保护和支持种族隔离政策〔apartheid〕Any policy or practice of separating or segregating groups.隔离政策，种族隔离政策：隔离或种族隔离的政策或做法〔apartheid〕An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites.种族隔离制：南非共和国实行的一种官方的种族隔离政策，包括在政治、法律和经济诸方面对非白色人种的歧视〔Verwoerd〕South African politician who as prime minister (1958-1966) pursued a policy of apartheid and removed South Africa from the British Commonwealth (1961). He was assassinated in Cape Town.维沃尔德，亨德里克·弗伦斯彻：(1901-1966) 南非总理(1958-1966年），坚持实施种族隔离政策，于1961年把南非从英联邦中脱离出来，他在开普敦城遇刺身亡〔unambiguous〕"As a horror, apartheid . . . is absolutely unambiguous. There are . . . no shades of interpretation or circumstances to weigh that might make coming to a moral judgment more difficult"(Mario Vargas Llosa)“作为一种恐怖，种族隔离…是绝对确定无疑的，没有…任何值得考虑的解释或情况可以对其道德审判提出非难”(马里奥·巴尔加斯·略萨)〔segregate〕To practice a policy of racial segregation.实行种族隔离政策〔Biko〕South African political activist who led an anti-apartheid movement that urged all South African Blacks to disassociate themselves from white and multiracial culture. He was killed in prison by South African police.比科，史蒂芬·班图：领导反种族隔离制运动的南非政治活动家，他敦促所有南非黑人否定白人文化和多民族文化。在监禁期间他被南非警方杀害〔antiapartheid〕antiapartheid activism.反南非种族隔离制度的积极精神〔Fugard〕South African playwright and director whose works, includingMaster Harold . . . and the Boys (1982), explore racial tension and inequality in South Africa, especially during apartheid. 富加德，阿索：南非剧作家和导演，作品包括《赫罗德主人与男孩们》 （1982年），尤其在种族隔离政策期间，探索南非的种族间紧张状态和不平等现状 〔antinomian〕"By raising segregation and racial persecution to the ethical level of law, it puts into practice the antinomian rules of Orwell's world. Evil becomes good, inhumanity is interpreted as charity, egoism as compassion"(Elie Wiesel)“通过把种族隔离和种族迫害提高到法律的伦理方面，就等于实行了奥威尔世界中的反律法规则。恶的成了善的，无人性被解释成慈善，个人主义被解释成富有同情心”(伊利·维塞尔)〔apartheid〕Although South Africa has not furnished a great number of words that have achieved general currency in British and American English,one in particular,apartheid, has gained wide circulation. The first recorded use ofapartheid as an English term, in the Cape Times on October 24, 1947, is an ironic commentary on much of the word's use since then: "Mr. Hofmeyr said apartheid could not be reconciled with a policy of progress and prosperity for South Africa.” According to the March 15, 1961, issue of theLondon Times, the wordself-development was supposed to replace apartheid as the official term used by the South African Broadcasting Corporation for "the Government's race policies. ” And inMove Your Shadow, published in 1985, Joseph Lelyveld says that the "word is [now] shunned, even resented by the [National Party's] high priests as if it were an epithet fashioned by the country's enemies.” Butapartheid as a word and as a reality has been slow to disappear. The history ofapartheid, however, offers a possible model for change in this policy, for the word is an example of a mixture and combination of resources, in this case linguistic.Apartheid is an English word that came into South African English from Afrikaans, the language of the Dutch settlers of South Africa. They in turn had made up the word from the Dutch wordapart, "separate,” and the suffix -heid, which corresponds to our suffix -hood. Thusapartheid literally means "separateness.” The Dutch had earlier borrowed the wordapart, as did we, from the French phrase à part, meaning "to one side.” 尽管南非并没有向英国和美国英语里加入很多得以普遍使用的词汇，但尚有一例外，apartheid 这个词就得到了普遍应用。 apartheid 一词作为英语词汇的使用最早记录于1947年10月24日的 开普时报 上，从那时起对该词的使用就作了反讽式的评论： “霍夫梅伊先生说种族隔离制不能与南非进步及繁荣的政策相容。”根据1961年3月15日的一期伦敦时报 ， 南非广播公司试图以self-development 作为官方用语来代替 apartheid 表示“政府的种族政策”。 在1985年出版的移动你的影子 中，约瑟夫·莱莉瓦德说“这个词为高级牧师们所回避甚至痛恨， 似乎它是这个国家的敌人创造出来的修饰语。”但apartheid 作为词汇和作为现实存在消失得很慢。 然而apartheid 的历史为这种政策的变化提供了一个可能的模式， 因为这个词是语言学方面各种来源混合及联合的一个例子。Apartheid 是从南非的荷兰殖民者的语言进入南非英语的一个英语词汇。 依次由荷兰词apart “分隔”，和后缀 -heid （其与后缀 -hood 相对应）构成。 这样，apartheid 可逐字译为“分隔，隔离。” 荷兰人较早地借用了apart 一词，就如我们从法语里借用了意为“到一边”的 a part 一样 〔segregationist〕One that advocates or practices a policy of racial segregation.种族隔离主义者：提倡或实施种族隔离政策的人〔mandate〕mandated desegregation of public schools.命令解除公立学校中的种族隔离〔Wallace〕American politician. A three-time governor of Alabama (1963-1967, 1971-1979, and 1983-1987), he first came to national attention as an outspoken segregationist. Wallace ran unsuccessfully for the presidency in 1968 and 1972.华莱士，乔治·科雷：(生于 1919) 美国政治家。连续三次任阿拉巴马州长(1963-1967，1971-1979，1983-1987年），他首先在国内知名是因为是一个直言不讳的主张实行种族隔离制者。华莱士于1968和1972年两次竟选总统未成〔operational〕"de facto apartheid still operational even in the ‘new’ African nations"(Leslie Marmon Silko)“即使在‘新的’非洲国家里，种族隔离仍然存在”(莱斯利·马蒙·希尔考) |
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