| 单词 | 称谓 |
| 释义 | 〔lady〕Lady, a social term, is properly used as a parallel togentleman in order to emphasize norms expected in civil society or in situations requiring civil courtesies: 女士 这个社会称谓， 常与先生 对称，目的是用来强调文明社会所需要的规矩或在需要文明礼节的场合所应有的规矩： 〔Padishah〕Used formerly as a title for the sultan of Turkey.国王，皇帝：土尔其君主的以前正式称谓〔Padishah〕Used formerly as a title for the monarch of Iran.国王，皇帝：伊朗国王的以前正式称谓〔sir〕Sir Used as an honorific before the given name or the full name of baronets and knights. Sir 爵士：在从男爵或爵士的名或全名前，表示尊敬的称谓〔sister〕Used as a form of address for such a woman, alone or followed by the woman's name.对修女的称呼：用于对这样妇女的称谓，单独使用或放在该女性名字后面〔denomination〕A name or designation, especially for a class or group.See Synonyms at name 名称，称谓：名称或称谓，尤指一个阶层或团体的名称 参见 name〔lady〕Used as the title for the wife or widow of a knight or baronet.骑士之妻的尊称：用作骑士或准男爵夫人或寡妇的称谓〔address〕used the proper address for a priest.对教士使用恰当的称谓〔honor〕Honor Used withHis, Her, or Your as a title and form of address for certain officials, such as judges and mayors: Honor 阁下：与His, Her 或 Your 连用，作为一种头衔和对某些官员的称谓，例如法官和市长： 〔imperator〕Used as a form of address and salutation by soldiers to a victorious Roman general.凯旋将军：士兵对凯旋的罗马将领的称谓和问候形式〔sirrah〕Mister; fellow. Used as a contemptuous form of address.小子；老兄。表示轻蔑的称谓〔cabal〕The history ofcabal reveals how a word can be transferred from one sphere of activity to another while retaining only a tenuous connection with its past. Ultimately from Hebrewbut transmitted to English probably by way of Medieval Latin and French,cabal is first recorded in English in 1616 in the sense "cabala.” Cabala was the name for the Hebrew oral tradition transmitted by Moses and also the name for a Jewish religious philosophy based on an esoteric interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures.The notion "esoteric" is central to the development of this word in English,forcabal, probably following the sense development in French, came to mean "a tradition, special interpretation, or secret,” "a private intrigue" (first recorded in 1646-1647),and "a small body of intriguers" (first recorded in 1660).It is probably not coincidental thatcabal is found with these latter meanings during the mid-17th century, that time of plots and counterplots by Royalists and Parliamentarians.The word gained a false etymology when it was noticed that the five most influential ministers of Charles II were named Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale.单词cable 的历史表现出一个单词在与其过去的含义仅保持微弱联系的情况下，如何能够从一个使用范围转向另一个范围。 最起始是源于希伯来语，但可能是通过中世纪的拉丁语和法语转化为英语，cabal 以“秘教”的含义在英语中最早载于1616年。 Cabala 是对摩西所传的希伯来口头传说的称谓， 也是对基于希伯来圣经神秘解说的犹太宗教哲学的称谓。“深奥的”这个概念对于这个英文单词的发展是很重要的，因为cabal 可能是沿用法语里发展起来的含义， 意为“传统，特殊的理解或秘密的，“个人阴谋”（最早记载于1646至1647年），以及“较小的阴谋者的联合体”（最早记载于1660年）。它可能与cabal 的17世纪中叶的后来含义并不一致， 在这一时期内充斥着保皇党人和议员们的阴谋和对策。由于注意到查理二世时期五位最有影响的大臣姓名分别为克利福德，阿灵顿，白金汉，阿什利和劳德戴尔（其姓名首字母合起来为CABAL），该词由此得来一错误的语源说明〔grace〕Grace Used withHis, Her, or Your as a title and form of address for a duke, a duchess, or an archbishop. Grace 大人，夫人：与his，her， 或 your 连用，作为公爵，公爵夫人或大主教的头衔或称谓的形式 〔begum〕Used as a form of address for such a woman.夫人：对这样一个妇女的称谓〔sir〕Used as a form of polite address for a man:先生：对男性的礼貌称谓形式：〔virginiamycin〕New Latin virginiae [specific epithet] 新拉丁语 virginiae [特定称谓] 〔missis〕Used as a term of reference by a man of his wife.老婆：男人用来称呼其妻子的称谓〔Mister〕Used as a courtesy title before the surname, full name, or professional title of a man, usually written in its abbreviated form:先生：一个男子的姓，全名或职务前的礼貌称谓，通常用作略写形式：〔Monsignor〕A title and an office conferred on a male cleric by a pope.阁下：由罗马主教授予男性神职人员的称谓和官职〔inscription〕Middle English inscripcioun [statement giving the author or title of a book] 中古英语 inscripcioun [给一本书的作者或称谓的声明] 〔epithet〕A term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a person, such asThe Great Emancipator for Abraham Lincoln. 加于人名的称号，绰号：用来代替一个人姓名或头衔的称谓，如伟大的解放者 用来称呼亚伯拉罕·林肯 〔padre〕Father. Used as a form of address for a priest in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Latin America.神父：神父，在意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙以及拉丁美洲对教士的一种称谓形式〔mistress〕Mistress Used formerly as a courtesy title when speaking to or of a woman. Mistress 女士，夫人：与女性交谈或谈及一位女性时，用作礼貌称谓〔Excellency〕Used withHis, Her, or Your as a title and form of address for certain high officials, such as viceroys, ambassadors, and governors. 阁下：和His、Her 或 Your 连用，作为对某些高级的官员，如总督、大使和省长的头衔的称谓或尊称 〔missy〕Used as a familiar term of address for a young woman or girl.小姐：以友善的称呼方式称谓一女士或女孩〔Cathay〕A medieval name for China popularized by Marco Polo in accounts of his travels. It usually applied only to the area north of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang).中国：因马可·波罗在他的游记中的使用而流行的中世纪对中国的称谓。它通常只指扬子江（长江）以北的地区 |
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