| 单词 | 第二部 |
| 释义 | 〔antithesis〕The second and contrasting part of such a juxtaposition.第二项，后项：对偶结构中对比的第二部〔digitalis〕The name of the plant genusDigitalis, whose member the foxglove provides an important drug used to treat heart disease,is associated with another part of the body, the finger.InDigitalis, which comes from the Latin word digitālis, meaning "relating to a finger,”we recognizedigit, which derives from Latin digitus, "finger, toe.” In Modern Latin the genus name was chosenbecause the German name for the foxglove isFingerhut, "thimble,” or literally "finger hat.” The second part of our wordfoxglove also refers to the similarity of the foxglove blossoms to the fingers of a glove. Digitalis is first recorded in English in a work published in 1664. 毛地黄 属的植物毛地黄， 是治疗心脏病的重要药物，与身体另一部位手指有关。Digitalis 来自于拉丁语 digitalis ， 意指“与手指有关的”。我们认为digit 来源于表示“手指，脚趾”的拉丁语 digitus 。 在新拉丁语中选定了种属名称，是因为熟地的日耳曼语名称是Fingerhut “指套”或字面上的“指套”。 Foxglove 的第二部分是指毛地黄开花时与手套的指头很相似。 英语中第一次记录Digitalis 的作品是在1664年发表 〔however〕The first part was easy; the second, however, took hours.第一部分很简单；比较而言，第二部分就要费力了〔secondo〕The second part in a concert piece, especially the lower part in a piano duet.第二声部：在音乐会歌曲中的第二部，尤其是钢琴二重奏的低音部〔antistrophe〕The second division of the triad of a Pindaric ode, having the same stanza form as the strophe.第二诗节：平德尔颂歌三和音中的第二部分，与第一诗节形式相同〔penthouse〕The wordpenthouse and the structure it denotes have both come a long way. The word goes back to Latinappendere, "to cause to be suspended.”In Medieval Latinappendere developed the sense "to belong, depend,” a sense that passed intoapendre, the Old French development ofappendere. Fromapent, the past participle of apendre, came the derivative apentiz, "low building behind or beside a house,” and the Anglo-Norman plural form pentiz. The form without thea- was then borrowed into Middle English, giving uspentis (first recorded about 1300), which was applied to sheds or lean-tos added on to buildings.Because these structures often had sloping roofs,the word was connected with the French wordpente, "slope,” and the second part of the word changed tohouse, which could mean simply "a building for human use.”The use of the term with reference to fancy penthouse apartments developed from the application of the word to a structure built on the roof to cover such things as a stairway or an elevator shaft.Penthouse then came to mean an apartment built on a rooftop and finally the top floor of an apartment building.单词penthouse 及其所代表的结构都经过了长期的演变。 此词可追溯至拉丁语appendere ， 意为“使悬浮”。在中世纪拉丁语中，appendere 的意思演变为“附属，依靠”， 是词形变为apendre 的意义， 由古法语appendere 发展而来。 从apendre 的过去分词 apent 产生出意为“房屋旁边或后面低矮的建筑”的派生词 apentiz 及盎格鲁-诺尔曼复数形式 pentiz 。 没有a- 的形式被借用到中世纪英语， 变成pentis （首次记载于1300年）， 用作加在建筑上的小棚或单倾斜面的小屋。因为这些结构常有斜屋顶，因此该词与法语词pente “斜面”有关， 且此词的第二部分变成house ， 只简单地意为“住人的建筑”。该词与使人想象楼顶房屋有关的使用源自需要用一个词来表示建在屋顶上用来遮挡楼梯或电梯通道的建筑。Penthouse 于是逐渐意为建在屋顶上的房间， 最终意为一个公寓楼的顶层〔belfry〕The wordsbell and belfry seem obviously related, but in fact thebel- portion of belfry had nothing to do with bells until comparatively recently. Belfry goes back to a compound formed in prehistoric Common Germanic. It is generally agreed that the second part of this compound is the element.frij-, meaning "peace, safety.” The first element is either.bergan, "to protect,” which would yield a compound meaning "a defensive place of shelter,” or.berg-, "a high place,” which would yield a compound meaning "a high place of safety, tower.”Whatever the meaning of the original Germanic source, its Old French descendantberfrei, which first meant "siege tower,” came to mean "watchtower.” Presumably because bells were used in these towers, the word was applied to bell towers as well.The Old North French alterationbelfroi, which reminded English speakers of their native word belle (our bell ), entered Middle English with the sense "bell tower,” first recorded in 1272.bell 和 belfry 这两个词似乎显著相关， 但事实上直到最近，belfry 词里的 bel 部分才同“钟”这个词联系起来。 Belfry 源于史前普通日耳曼语的复合词。 一般认为这个复合词的第二部分是frij-， 意思是“和平、安全”。 它的第一部分或是"bergan"， 意为“保护”， 该复合词就当“隐蔽防御之地”讲；或是berg 意为“高处”， 该词就是“安全高处；塔”的意思。无论其日耳曼语来源意思是什么，它衍生成古法语的berfrei， 原意为“围塔”，后意为“望塔”。据推测由于钟被用于这些塔里，所以这个词也开始指钟塔了。belfroi 作为古北法语的变体它使英语使用者想到了自己的母语中 belle 一字（我们写做 bell ）， 进入中古英语后意为“钟楼”，首次记载于1272年〔so〕He stayed so that he could see the second feature. 他留了下来以便能看到第二部片子。 〔second〕The second part, instrument, or voice in a harmonized composition.第二声部：在和声歌曲中的第二部分、演奏或声音〔brickbat〕The earliest sense ofbrickbat, recorded in a work first published in 1563, was "a piece of brick.” Such pieces of brick have not infrequently been thrown at others in the hope of injuring them;hence, the figurativebrickbats (first recorded in 1929) that critics hurl at performances they dislike. The appearance ofbat as the second part of this compound is explained by the fact that the word bat, "war club, cudgel,” developed in Middle English the sense "chunk, clod, wad,” and in the 16th century came to be used specifically for a piece of brick that was unbroken on one end.brickbat 最早的意义记录在1563年首次出版的一部著作中，意为“一块砖。” 这样的砖块常用来投掷他人，意在将人打伤；因此，含比喻意义的brickbats （1929年第一次被记录下来）指批评家抨击他们厌恶的表演。 bat 一词作为这一复合词的第二部分出现可用下列事实来解释，即意为“警棍，短棒”的 bat 一词在中世纪英语中发展为“厚块、泥块、软团”的意思， 16世纪被用来特指一端没有破损的砖块〔prude〕Being a prude has never been widely considered a good thing,but if we dig further into the history of the wordprude, we will find that it had a noble past.The change for the worse took place in French.Frenchprude first had a good sense, "wise woman,” but apparentlya woman could be too wise or, in the eyes of some,too observant of decorum and propriety,and soprude took on the sense in French that was brought into English along with the word, first recorded in 1704.The French word first meant "wise woman"becauseprude was a shortened form of prude femme (earlier in Old Frenchprode femme ), a word that was modeled on earlierpreudomme, "a man of experience and integrity.” The second part of this word is, of course,homme, "man.” Old Frenchprod, meaning "wise, prudent,” is from Vulgar Latin prōdis with the same sense. Prōdis in turn comes from Late Latin prōde, "advantageous,” derived from the verbprodesse, "to be good.” We can see that the history ofprude is filled with usefulness, profit, wisdom, and integrity, but in spite of all this,things did not turn out that well.人们从来没有普遍地认为做一个拘守礼仪的人是一件好事，但是如果我们深挖prude 这个词的历史， 我们会发现这个词有一个体面的过去。这个词变成贬义是在法语中发生的。法语词prude 开始时是褒义的，意为“明智或聪明的女人，” 但是很显然，女人可能会过于聪明或者在某些人的眼里，对仪表和行为的得体过分注重，这样法语词prude 就有了这个和词一起被引入英语的意思， 并最早记载于1704年。这个法语词开始时的意思之所以是“聪明的女人”，因为prude 是 prudefemme 的缩写形式 （更早的时候在古法语中为prodefemme )， 这个词模仿更早的一个词preudomme “一个富有经验而又正直的男人”而来。 这个词的第二部分当然是意为“男人”的homme。 意思是“聪明，谨慎”的古法语prod 由一个相同意思的俗拉丁词 prodis 而来。 Prodis 从后期拉丁语 prode 演变而来，意为“有利的”， 该词又从意思为“从善”的动词prudesse 衍生而来。 我们现在明白prude 的历史充满了有利、利益、智慧或忠诚的意思， 但尽管如此，事情并没有变得那么好〔Gemara〕The second part of the Talmud, consisting primarily of commentary on the Mishnah.犹太教法典诠释篇：犹太教法典的第二部分，主要包括对犹太教训的评论 |
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