| 单词 | 米斯 |
| 释义 | 〔stalactite〕The wordsstalagmite and stalactite have confused many a person. A look into the history of the Greek sources of these two words may help.Both words can be traced back to the wordstalassein, "to drip,” which is appropriatesince both words denote deposits in caves formed by the dripping of mineral-rich water.The Greek base from whichstalassein was formed was stalak- and to this base were added several endings that concern us,specifically-ma, a noun suffix most frequently denoting the result of an action, -mo-, a suffix denoting the action of a verb as well as a result, and -to-, an adjective suffix forming verbal adjectives. With these suffixes and the addition of the inflectional endings, as well as a sound change from (k) to (g) before (m),we getstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” stalagmos, "dropping, dripping of stalactites,” and stalaktos, "dropping, dripping.” Using these Greek words,Olaus Wormius formed the Modern Latin wordstalactītēs, the stalac- part meaning "dripping" and the-ītēs part being commonly used to name fossils and minerals when preceded by a form expressing a physical characteristic, in this case "dripping.” Wormius also used the termstalagmītēs, the stalag- portion expressing the notion of what drops, taken either fromstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” or stalagmos, "dropping of stalactites.” Stalactītēs and stalagmītēs, of course, are the sources of our English words stalactite (first recorded in 1677), the formation on the tops of caves, and stalagmite (first recorded in 1681), the formation on the bottoms of caves. They have been causing trouble ever since.单词stalagmite 和 stalactite 令许多人混淆。 对这两个词的希腊起源历史进行研究可能会帮助理解。这两个字都能追溯到单词stalassein （“滴下”）， 这是很恰当的，因为两个字都表示洞里由富含矿物的水下滴而形成的沉积。形成stalassein 的希腊根源是 stalak- ， 在这个根源上加上几个与我们有关的词尾，特别是-ma （往往用来表示动作结果的名词后缀）， -mo- （用来表示动词的动作和结果的后缀）和 -to- （形成动词性形容词的形容词后缀）。 通过这些后缀和屈折变化词尾的添加以及在(m)前面由(k)到(g)的变音，我们得到了stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）、 stalagmos “滴，滴下钟乳石”和 stalaktos （“落下，滴下的”）。 利用这些希腊字，奥罗斯·沃米斯组成了现代拉丁单词stalactites ， stalac- 意指“滴”。 而-ites 当由一个表示物理特征的形式开头时，通常用来表示化石和矿物，指“滴下”。 沃米斯也使用stalagmites ， stalag- 表示滴下的东西的概念， 源于stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）或 stalagmos （“滴下的钟乳石”）。 stalacitites 和 stalagmites ，当然是我们的英语单词 stalactite （首次出现于1677年）即洞穴顶部的形成物和 stalagmite （最早记载于1681年）即洞穴底部的形成物的源头。 自那以后它们就常造成一些麻烦〔straight〕"The car darted forward on to the straight"(Kingsley Amis)“汽车冲到了直道上”(金斯利·埃米斯)〔Miskito〕A member of an American Indian people inhabiting the Caribbean coast of northeast Nicaragua and southeast Honduras.米斯基托人：居住在加勒比湾沿岸、尼加拉瓜东北部和洪都拉斯东南部的美洲印第安人的一支〔Themistocles〕Athenian military and political leader. After persuading the Athenians to build a navy, he led the new fleet to victory over Persia in the Battle of Salamis (480).西米斯托可斯：雅典人建立海军后，他领导新航队在塞拉米斯战役中（公元前480年）战胜波斯人〔Arequipa〕A city of southern Peru at the foot of El Misti. Founded in 1540 on the site of an Incan village, it is the commercial center of southern Peru and northern Bolivia. Population, 108,023.阿雷基帕：秘鲁南部的一个城市，位于米斯提火山山脚。于1540年建在印加村庄的遗址上，它是秘鲁南部及玻利维亚北部的商业中心。人口108,023〔Pound〕American writer who exerted great influence on the development of modern literature through his poetic works, such as the unfinishedCantos (1925-1960), his critical works, including ABC of Reading (1934), his voluminous contributions to literary magazines, and his tutelage of writers such as T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, and Ernest Hemingway. 庞德，以斯拉·卢米斯：(1885-1972) 美国作家，他的诗作对现代文学的发展都产生了深远影响，如未完稿的《诗篇》 （1925-1960年）、他的评论作品包括 《阅读ABC》 （1934年）、他向文学杂志大量投稿并且对T·S·艾略特，詹姆斯·乔依斯和海明威等作家产生影响 〔bushed〕"I once stayed awake seven years on end. Not even a nap. Boy, was I bushed"(Martin Amis)“我曾经有七年完全没有睡眠。甚至没有打一个盹儿。孩子，我疲惫极了”(马丁·埃米斯)〔Rostropovich〕Russian cellist and conductor of the National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, D.C. (since 1977).罗斯托波维奇，米斯蒂斯拉夫：(生于 1927) 俄国大提琴手，曾任华盛顿特区的国家交响团指挥（始于1977年）〔shelve〕"As usual, Dixon shelved this question"(Kingsley Amis)See Synonyms at defer 1“象通常一样，迪克森把问题搁在一边”(金斯利·埃米斯) 参见 defer1〔bint〕"As the R.A.F. friend would have put it, you could never tell with these foreign bints"(Kingsley Amis)“要不是英国皇家空军的朋友做翻译，你永远也不能和这些外国姑娘谈话”(金斯利·埃米斯)〔Miskito〕The language of the Miskito. Also called Mosquito 米斯基托语：米斯基托人的语言 也作 Mosquito |
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