| 单词 | 类别 |
| 释义 | 〔gender〕One category of such a set.性的类别：这样搭配的一种类别〔superorder〕A taxonomic category of related organisms ranking below a class or subclass and above an order.总目：介于纲或亚纲与目之间的生物分类类别〔classifier〕A word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts, such as counting, that indicates the semantic class to which an item belongs. For example,hon is used in Japanese in counting long, slender objects such as sticks or pencils. 量词：在特定的上下文中用于某些语言的词汇或词素，如在计数时，指明一个物品所属的语义类别。例如，hon 在日语中用来计数细长物体（如木棍或铅笔） 〔kind〕A particular variety; a sort:特定的种类；类别：〔superclass〕A taxonomic category of related organisms ranking below a phylum and above a class.总纲：一种生物分类的类别，包括门以下和纲以上的相关生物有机体〔fashion〕Kind or variety; sort:种类或类别；样子：〔phylum〕from Greek phulon [class] * see bheuə- 源自 希腊语 phulon [纲，类别] * 参见 bheuə- 〔coordinate〕To place in the same order, class, or rank.将…置于同一次序、类别或等级中〔reabsorb〕To accommodate or accept again, as into a group or category.重接收：重新接纳或接受，例如进入某一集体或归入某一类别〔head〕A distinct topic or category:一确定的主题或类别：〔list〕To put (oneself) in a specific category:列为：把（自己）归入某一类别：〔particular〕Often particulars A separate case or an individual thing or instance, especially one that can be distinguished from a larger category or class: 常作 particulars 特例，个别情况：单独的情况或个别的事情或例子，尤指一个可从大的种类或类别中区别出来的情况：〔category〕A general class of ideas, terms, or things that mark divisions or coordinations within a conceptual scheme, especially:范畴：在一个概念体系中标明区别或联系的观念、术语或事物的一般类别，尤指：〔relegate〕To assign to a particular class or category; classify.See Synonyms at commit 把…归类：划分到一个特定的阶级或类别；分类 参见 commit〔protist〕Any of the eukaryotic, unicellular organisms of the former kingdom Protista, which includes protozoans, slime molds, and certain algae. The protists now belong to the kingdom Protoctista, a new classification in most modern taxonomic systems.原生生物：原生生物界中的真核单细胞有机体中的任何一种，包括原生动物、粘菌和某些藻类原生生物现在属于原生生物界，它是大多数现代分类系统中的一个新的类别〔trashed〕Expressions for intoxication are among those that best showcase the creativity of slang. The boundless inventiveness in expressing the ordinary in not-so-ordinary ways led Walt Whitman to describe slang as"an attempt of common humanity to escape from bald literalism, and express itself illimitably.” Colloquial and slang expressions meaning "intoxicated" can fill several pages in slang thesauruses. Most fall into a few general groups. Common are expressions that originally meant "damaged, badly affected by something,” such as trashed, smashed, crocked, blitzed, hammered, wasted, messed up, and blasted. Cooking terms are also common, such as baked, fried, and boiled (said to have been coined at Princeton University in the 1920s). Terms relating to liquids or being filled are a natural source of metaphors for filling oneself up with drink or drugs: sloshed, oiled, tanked, and loaded are but a few. Some terms are not easily classified or have origins that are not fully clear, such as tight (first appearing in the 1830s), plastered (first appearing around 1912), blotto (perhaps from blot, first appearing in 1917), and stoned (apparently taken from such expressions as stone-drunk, stone-cold, and first appearing as stone in 1945). Most current terms for "intoxicated" are not very old, as one expects of slang terms generally; of those in the lists above, blotto, crocked, fried, loaded, plastered, tanked, tight, and oiled are recorded in the first half of the 20th century, and of these only tight and oiled are known to have existed before then. 表示喝醉的词语充分体现了俚语的创造性。用非同寻常的方式创造极为寻常的俚语，其间蕴藏了无限创造空间，华尔特·惠特曼将俚语描述为“让平常心从文字束缚中逃离，并随性表达出来” 。表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的口语以及俚语的表达方式，可以填满俚语同义词的数页空间。大多数俚语可归入几个分类。许多常见俚语的原意为“被破坏的，受某物负面影响”，如 trashed、smashed、crocked、blitzed、hammered、wasted、messed up 以及 blasted 。烹饪词汇也很普遍，如 baked、fried 和 boiled （据说由普林斯顿大学于20世纪20年代创造）。与液体或注入有关的词语是隐喻表示过多饮酒或吸毒而形成的自然来源： sloshed、oiled、tanked 和 loaded 只是其中少数例子。有些词语不易界定其类别或其原意较不清楚，如 tight （首次出现于19世纪30年代）、 plastered （首次出现于1912年）、 blotto （可能源自 blot ，首次出现于1917年）以及 stoned （显然来自词语 stone-drunk和stone-cold ，并于1945年首次以 stone 的形式出现）。正如大家对俚语的普遍看法，大多数表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的现行词语都较新；在如上所列词汇中， blotto、crocked、fried、loaded、plastered、tanked、tight 和 oiled 首次见载于19世纪中叶，只有 tight 和 oiled 是所知早于那个时期 〔bracket〕A classification or grouping, especially within a sequence of numbers or grades, as a category of incomes sharing the same tax rate.等级，同类：类别或集团，尤指包含在一数目或级别的序列之中，作为按相同税率征税的收入类别〔superfamily〕A taxonomic category of related organisms ranking below an order or its subdivisions and above a family.总科：一种生物分类的类别，包括目或其分支以下和科以上的相关物质有机体〔cat〕A small carnivorous mammal(Felis catus or F. domesticus) domesticated since early times as a catcher of rats and mice and as a pet and existing in several distinctive breeds and varieties. 猫：一种（猫属 公猫 或 猫属 家猫） 小型食肉哺乳动物，用于捕捉田鼠和家鼠，很早就开始驯养，作为宠物以几类不同的品种和类别存在 〔cubbyhole〕A category, especially an overly restrictive one.分类，类别：分类，尤指受过度限制分类〔classified〕Arranged in classes or categories.分门别类的：划分到阶级或类别中的〔malacology〕from New Latin Malacozoa [a classification that includes mollusks] 源自 新拉丁语 Malacozoa [一种包括软体动物的类别] 〔parse〕"What are we missing by parsing the behavior of chimpanzees into the conventional categories recognized largely from our own behavior?”(Stephen Jay Gould)“把黑猩猩的行为分解成主要从我们自身的行为出发的常规类别来加以分析，这种方法有些什么遗漏呢?”(斯蒂芬·杰·古尔德)〔anomalous〕Equivocal, as in classification or nature.不明确的，模棱两可的：在类别或性质上不明确的〔nomenclature〕The procedure of assigning names to the kinds and groups of organisms listed in a taxonomic classification:命名（过程），有系统的命名法：将名称指定给列于系统类别之中的各种或各组机体的过程：〔compartmentalize〕To separate into distinct parts, categories, or compartments:划分，区分：分成不同的部分、类别或隔间：〔the〕Used before a singular noun indicating that the noun is generic:用于单数名词前表类别：〔category〕A specifically defined division in a system of classification; a class.种类：在某一分类系统中特别定义的部分；类别〔classify〕To arrange or organize according to class or category.分类：按等级或类别组织安排〔put〕To assign to a category:把…归入某一类别：〔brand〕A distinctive category; a particular kind:类型：特有的类别；特殊类型：〔commit〕She confided her plans to her family. Torelegate is to assign to a specific and especially an inferior category or position: 她把自己的计划吐露给家人。 relegate 是分配给一定的和特殊的下级类别和位置： 〔unclassified〕Not placed or included in a class or category:未被置于或包括在等级或类别中的：〔under〕Within the group or classification of:在…的群体或类别中：〔offbeat〕Not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern; unconventional:反传统的：不与通常的类别或形式相符合的：〔predicament〕Middle English [class, category] 中古英语 [类别，范畴] 〔name〕Denomination, also a categorizing term,is applied especially to classes of persons or things: Denomination 也是用于类别，尤指人或事的分类： 〔man〕Traditionally,man and words derived from it have been used generically to designate any or all of the human race irrespective of sex.In Old Englishthis was the principal sense ofman, which meant "a human being" regardless of sex;the wordswer and wyf (or w÷pman and wifman ) were used to refer to "a male human being" and "a female human being" respectively. But in Middle Englishman displaced wer as the term for "a male human being,”whilewyfman (which evolved into present-day woman ) was retained for "a female human being.” The result of these changes was an assymetrical arrangement that many criticize as sexist.Many writers have revised some of their practices accordingly.But the precise implications of the usage vary according to the context and the particular use ofman or its derivatives. · Man sometimes appears to have the sense of "person" or "people" when it is used as a count noun, as inA man is known by the company he keeps and Men have long yearned to unlock the secrets of the atom, and in phrases likethe common man and the man in the street. Here the generic interpretation arises indirectly:if a man is known by the company he keeps,then so, by implication, is a woman.For this reasonthe generic interpretation of these uses ofman is not possible where the applicability of the predicate varies according to the sex of the individual. Thus it would be inappropriate to say thatMen are the only animals that can conceive at any time, since the sentence literally asserts that the ability to conceive applies to male human beings.This usage presumes that males can be taken as representatives of the species.In almost all cases,however, the wordsperson and people can be substituted for man and men, often with a gain in clarity. · By contrast,man functions more as a generic when it is used without an article in the singular to refer to the human race, as in sentences likeThe capacity for language is unique to man or in phrases like man's inhumanity to man. But this use ofman is also ambiguous, since it can refer exclusively to male members of the human race.In most contexts wordssuch ashumanity or humankind will convey the generic sense of this use of man. · On the whole,the Usage Panel accepts the generic use ofman, the women members significantly less than the men. The sentenceIf early man suffered from a lack of information, modern man is tyrannized by an excess of it was acceptable to 81 percent of the Panel (including 58 percent of the women and 92 percent of the men).The Panel also accepted compound words derived from genericman. The sentenceThe Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from space was acceptable to 86 percent (including 76 percent of the women and 91 percent of the men).The sentence"The history of language is the history of mankind" (James Bradstreet Greenough and George Lyman Kittredge) was acceptable to 76 percent (including 63 percent of the women and 82 percent of the men). Such compounds were acceptable even when the context required that they be applied chiefly to women.Thus, 66 percent of the Panel (including 57 percent of the women and 71 percent of the men) accepts the wordmanpower in the sentence Countries that do not permit women to participate in the work force are at a disadvantage in competing with those that do avail themselves of that extra source of manpower. · A related set of problems is raised by the use ofman in forming the names of occupational and social rolessuch asbusinessman, chairman, spokesman, layman, and freshman, as well as in analogous formationssuch asunsportsmanlike and showmanship. Some condemn this use categorically;however, these words remained acceptable to a majority of the Usage Panel when they were used to refer to a role or class in the abstractbut were rejected when they were used to refer to a woman.Thus the general use ofchairman was acceptable to 67 percent of the Panel (including 52 percent of the women and 76 percent of the men) in the sentence The chairman will be appointed by the Faculty Senate. But only 48 percent (including 43 percent of the women and 50 percent of the men) accepted the use of the word inEmily Owen, chairman of the Mayor's Task Force, issued a statement assuring residents that their views would be solicited, where it is applied to a woman. · Several strategies have been suggested for replacing the categorical use of compounds formed withman. Parallel terms likebusinesswoman, spokeswoman and chairwoman are increasingly used to refer to women. Also in use are common-gender terms coined withperson, such asbusinessperson, spokesperson, and chairperson. For occupational titles ending inman, new standards of official usage have been established by the U.S. Department of Labor and other government agencies.In official contexts termssuch asfirefighter and police officer are now generally used in place of fireman and policeman. · A majority of the Panelists rejected the verbman when it was used to refer to an activity performed by women. The sentenceMembers of the League of Women Voters will be manning the registration desk was unacceptable to 56 percent of the Panel (including 61 percent of the women and 54 percent of the men). See Usage Note at -ess ,people 传统上，man 以及它的衍生字一般是用来指任何人或整个人类， 不考虑性别。在古英语中，这就是man 这个字主要的意思， 即“人” 而不分性别；单词wer 和 wyf （或 woepman 和 wifman )则分别用以指“男人”和“女人”。 但在中古英语时man 取代了 wer 这个词， 也具有“男人”的意义了；而wyfman （这个字发展演变成了今天的 woman 这个字）作为“女人”这个意思被保留了下来。 这些变化的结果是，作为性别歧视者所批评的匀称排列。为此，许多作家相应地修订了他们部分的创作活动。但是这用法的准确含义取决于它的上下文以及man 的具体用途或它的衍生字。 当man 这个字被当作一个可数名词来用时，它有时似乎具有“一个人”或“人们”的意思， 如在被他所在的那个公司熟悉了解的人 和 很久以来，人们都期盼着解开原子的秘密 ， 以及如下短语中普通的人 和 街上的人 。 这里，一般的理解源于间接地推理：如果一个男人是被他所在的公司了解的话，其言下之意是，一个女人也是被他所在的公司熟悉了解的。正是这个原因，使得man 当此一般理解之义用时，其谓语随着个人性别的改变而变化是不可能的。 所以，说人是唯一能在任何时候思考的动物 是不适当的， 因为这句话字面之义是指男人的思考能力。这种用法是假定男人可以作为人类的代表。几乎毫无例外的是，词person 和 people 可以用 man 和 men 来取代，且后两字意思更清楚。 相反，当man 以单数不带冠词出现用以指人类时，它更是指一类、一属， 如在象句子只有人才有语言能力 或象短语 人类对人类的不人道 中。 但man 若以这种形式出现，其意思也会模糊不清， 因为其可只指人类中的男性成员。在大多数的行文中，例如humanity 或 humankind 这样的字也传达了 man 这种用法的一般意义。 总的说来，在用法专题使用小组成员中接受man 这种一般用法的女性比男性明显少得多。 下面这句话如果说古代人受信息不足之苦的话，那么现代人则是受信息过量之虐待了 在小组中有81的成员可接受 （其中女性成员中的接受率为58，男性中则为92)。专题小组会还接受作为一般意义的man 构成的复合词。 长城是太空中的唯一可见的人造物 这句话有86的成员接受 （其中女性成员的接受率为76，而男性中为91)。“语言史就是一部人类史” （詹姆士·布拉斯瑞特·格里诺和乔治·莱曼·基特里奇）这句话的接受率为76（基中在女性成员中有63接受，而男性中为82)。 即使是上下行文所需的字主要指的是女人，这种复合词仍然被接受。因此小组中的66（其中女性委员的57，男性的71)接受了manpower 这个词在下句的用法： 那些不允许女人加入生产力大军的国家和那些允许女人加入生产力大军的国家相比，在处理剩余劳动力这一点上明显处于竞争的劣势 。 由于man 的使用所引起的一系列相关问题产生了， 在构成职业或社会角色类别的名称，如商人、主席、发言人、外行 和 渔夫 ， 以及将这个字用于类似的构词法中，如违反运动精神的 和 善于表演的才能 。 有些人谴责这种类别的用法；然而，当它们抽象地指某种角色或阶层时，这些词仍能得到用法专题使用小组大多数人的接受；但当它们用由于指女性时，这些词就被拒绝了。因此在句子主席由职工委员会指定 中 主席 的这种一般用法就得到了67小组成员的接受（其中在女性成员中为52，而男性中为76)。 但是，在句子艾米莉·欧文，市长任务小组的主席，发表了一个声明，向市长保证将考虑他们的观点 中这个字的用法，由于是指女性，只有48的成员接受（其中在女性成员中的接受率为43，而男性中为50)。 对于如何替换用man 构成的类别复合词，几种构思被提了出来。 与之相对的复合词如女商人、女发言人 和 女主席 越来越多地被用来指女性。 另外，用person 构成的中性词也创造了出来， 如商人、发言人 和 主席 。 对于用man 结尾的职业名称， 美国政府劳工部和其它政府机构已建立起了新的官方运用标准。在官方行文，现在一般用如firefighter 和 police officer 代替 fireman 和 policeman 。 大多数的小组成员反对将动词man 用于指那些女性从事的活动。 句子登记处将配备女性选民联盟的成员 在用法专题使用小组中的反对率是56（其中在女性成员中的反对率是61，而男性中为54) 参见 -ess,people〔gender〕The classification of a word or grammatical form in such a category.有性别的字的区分：在这种类别中，一个单词或语法形式的分类〔scorpaenoid〕from Scorpaena [type genus] 源自 Scorpaena [类别] |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。