| 单词 | 粒子 |
| 释义 | 〔quark〕Any of a group of hypothetical elementary particles having electric charges of magnitude one-third or two-thirds that of the electron, regarded as constituents of all hadrons. See table at subatomic particle 夸克：一组假想的电粒子中的任一个，它带有电子的三分之一或三分之二的电荷量，被认为是所有强子的组成要素 参见 subatomic particle〔fine〕Consisting of very small particles; not coarse:细微的，微粒的：包含非常小的粒子的；不粗糙的：〔molecule〕The smallest particle into which an element or a compound can be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties; a group of like or different atoms held together by chemical forces.分子：能被分的没改变化学和物理成分的一个单元或化合物的最小粒子；由化学力聚在一起的一组相似或不同的原子〔parton〕A hypothetical elementary particle believed to be a constituent of hadrons.部分子：一种假定的元素粒子，被认为是强子的组成部分〔Charpak〕Polish-born French physicist who won a 1992 Nobel Prize for developing a particle detector.夏帕克，乔治：波兰裔法国物理学家，因其研制粒子探测器而获得1992年诺贝尔奖〔wave〕A disturbance traveling through a medium by which energy is transferred from one particle of the medium to another without causing any permanent displacement of the medium itself.波，振动：穿过介质的振动，通过振动使能量从介质的一个粒子传送到另一个粒子而并不导致介质本身的永久变位〔boson〕Any of a class of particles, such as the photon, pion, or alpha particle, that have zero or integral spin and obey statistical rules permitting any number of identical particles to occupy the same quantum state.玻色子：具有零或整数自旋状态，并且任意数目的相同粒子占据相同量子状态的统计学规则的粒子，如光子、π介子或α粒子〔weakon〕Either of two bosons, the W particle or the Z particle, that are quanta of the weak interaction. See table at subatomic particle 玻色子：两玻色子之任一个，W粒子或Z粒子，是弱相互作用的量 参见 subatomic particle〔lepton〕Any of a family of elementary particles that participate in the weak interaction, including the electron, the muon, and their associated neutrinos. See table at subatomic particle 轻子：一种参与微弱互反应的基本粒子家庭的粒子，包括电子、介子以及与他们相关的中子 参见 subatomic particle〔WIMP〕A subatomic particle that has a large mass and interacts with other matter primarily through gravitation.弱相互作用重粒子：一种大质量的次原子粒子，主要透过万有引力与其它物质进行相互作用〔bremsstrahlung〕The electromagnetic radiation produced by an accelerated electrically charged subatomic particle, such as an electron, as when it is deflected by another charged particle.制动辐射：一颗加速的带电亚原子粒子，如电子，被其它带电粒子撞偏时，产生的电磁辐射〔fermion〕A particle, such as an electron, a proton, or a neutron, having half-integral spin and obeying statistical rules requiring that not more than one in a set of identical particles may occupy a particular quantum state.费密子：一种如电子、质子或中子等自旋为半整数的基本粒子，具有一种使得不可能有多于一个的粒子占有任何一个特殊的量子力学态的量子力学对称性〔Stern〕German-born American physicist. He won a 1943 Nobel Prize for detecting the magnetic movements of atomic particles.斯特恩，奥托：(1888-1969) 德裔美国物理学家，因测量原子粒子的磁性运动而获得1943年诺贝尔奖〔basophil〕A cell, especially a white blood cell, having granules that stain readily with basic dyes.嗜碱白血球：一种细胞，特别是白细胞，具有和碱性染剂一样容易染色的粒子〔Ting〕American physicist. He shared a 1976 Nobel Prize for discovering a subatomic particle.丁，塞缪尔·肇中：(生于 1936) 美国物理学家。他因发现了一种亚原子粒子而与人分享1976年诺贝尔奖〔antiparticle〕A subatomic particle, such as a positron, an antiproton, or an antineutron, having the same mass, average lifetime, spin, magnitude of magnetic moment, and magnitude of electric charge as the particle to which it corresponds but having the opposite sign of electric charge, opposite intrinsic parity, and opposite direction of magnetic moment. See table at subatomic particle 反粒子：一种亚原子粒子，如正电子、反质子或反中子，与它相对应的粒子有相同的质量、平均寿命、核量子数、磁矩量和电荷量，但具有相反的电荷标志、内在均势和磁矩方向 参见 subatomic particle〔hypercharge〕A quantum number equal to twice the average electric charge of a particle multiplet or, equivalently, to the sum of the strangeness and the baryon number.超荷：一个量子量，等于一个粒子多重线谱的平均电极；或者相当于量子数和重子的数量的总和〔fallout〕The slow descent of minute particles of debris in the atmosphere following an explosion, especially the descent of radioactive debris after a nuclear explosion.放射性粒子的沉降：爆炸后放射性粒子通过大气缓慢下降，尤指核爆炸后放射性粒子的下降〔spallation〕A nuclear reaction in which many particles are ejected from an atomic nucleus by incident particles of sufficiently high energy.裂变：带有充足的高能量的外来粒子将许多粒子从原子核中排斥出的核反应〔spin〕The intrinsic angular momentum of a subatomic particle. Also called spin angular momentum 转动惯量：亚原子粒子的自旋角动量 也作 spin angular momentum〔Richter〕American physicist. He shared a 1976 Nobel Prize for discovering a subatomic particle.里克特，伯顿：(生于 1931) 美国物理学家。他因为发现亚原子粒子而与人共享1976年诺贝尔奖〔backscatter〕The deflection of waves or particles by electromagnetic or nuclear forces through angles greater than 90° to the initial direction of travel.背向散射，逆散射：波或粒子在电磁力或原子力的作用下，通过大于90°的角向起始方向的反射〔Rabi〕Austrian-born American physicist. He won a 1944 Nobel Prize for his study of magnetic movement of atomic particles.拉比，伊西多·以撒：(1898-1988) 奥地利裔美国物理学家。因其在原子粒子核磁共振法方面的研究，荣获1944年诺贝尔奖〔beam〕A concentrated stream of particles or a similar propagation of waves:波束：粒子聚流或以类似方式传播的波：〔vibration〕A rapid linear motion of a particle or of an elastic solid about an equilibrium position.振动：在一个平衡位置附近一个粒子或弹性固体迅速的直线运动〔meson〕Any of a family of subatomic particles that participate in strong interactions, are composed of a quark and an antiquark, and have masses generally intermediate between leptons and baryons. See table at subatomic particle 介子：任一种具有较强相互作用力的亚原子粒子群，由一夸克与一反夸克构成，并具有通常介于轻子和重子间的质量 参见 subatomic particle〔californium〕A synthetic element produced in trace quantities by helium isotope bombardment of curium. All isotopes are radioactive, chiefly by emission of alpha particles. Atomic number 98; mass numbers 244 to 254; half-lives varying from 25 minutes to 800 years. See table at element 锎：一种合成元素，由氦同位素轰击锔可得到微量的这种元素。所有同位素均是放射性元素，主要放射出α粒子。原子序数98；原子量244到254；半衰期从25分钟到800年不等 参见 element〔disintegrate〕To become reduced to components, fragments, or particles.崩溃，瓦解：减小到零件、碎片或粒子状〔convey〕"The motion is transmitted from particle to particle, to a great distance" (Thomas H. Huxley). “运动从一个粒子传到另一个粒子，直到很远的距离” （托马斯·H·赫胥黎）〔baryon〕Any of a family of subatomic particles, including the nucleon and hyperon multiplets, that participate in strong interactions, are composed of three quarks, and are generally more massive than mesons. Also called heavy particle See table at subatomic particle 激（发核）子，重子：微原子粒子家族中的一员，包括核子和超子多重谱线，由三夸克组成，一般比介子要重，会发生很强烈的内部反应 也作 heavy particle 参见 subatomic particle〔mote〕A very small particle; a speck:尘埃：一种很小的粒子；微粒：〔mite〕A very small object, creature, or particle.微粒、微物：一个很小的物体，动物或粒子〔Thompson〕American-born British public official and physicist who conducted numerous experiments on heat and friction, concluding that heat is produced by moving particles.汤姆逊，本杰明：(1753-1814) 美裔英国官员和物理学家，进行了大量的热和摩擦实验并总结出热是由运动的粒子产生的〔Broglie〕French physicist who demonstrated (1927) that particles exhibit wavelike properties, thus establishing the field of wave mechanics. He won a 1929 Nobel Prize.德布罗意，路易斯·维克托·德：(1892-1987) 法国物理学家，1927年证明粒子有波动性质，因而奠定了波动力学的基础。1929年获诺贝尔奖〔multiplet〕Any of several classes or groupings of subatomic particles, such as the nucleon, that are similar in most properties but different in electric charge.多重态：亚原子粒子（如核子）的任何一类或一组，这种粒子大部分性质相似而电荷不同〔synchrocyclotron〕A cyclotron that accelerates protons and positive ions by using frequency modulation to synchronize the phase of the accelerating potential with the frequency of the accelerated particles to compensate for relativistic increases in particle mass at high speeds.同步回旋加速器：一种通过运用频率调节加速质子和正离子，使正在加速的微粒与被加速核子的频率同步以弥补高速运转中相对增加的粒子质量的回旋加速器〔neutrino〕Any of three electrically neutral subatomic particles in the lepton family. See table at subatomic particle 中微子：轻子家族中三种电中性亚原子粒子中的任何一种 参见 subatomic particle〔parity〕An intrinsic symmetry property of subatomic particles that is characterized by the behavior of the wave function of such particles under reflection through the origin of spatial coordinates.本质均衡性：亚原子粒子的本质平衡性，以其波函数在通过空间坐标原点的反射下的移动状况为特征〔neutral〕Of or relating to a particle, an object, or a system that has a net electric charge of zero.电中性的：粒子、物体或系统电位为零的或与之有关的〔tachyon〕A hypothetical subatomic particle that travels faster than the speed of light.超光速粒子：一种假想的速度高于光速的亚原子粒子 |
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