| 单词 | 粗糙 |
| 释义 | 〔roughy〕A small fish(Trachichthys australis) with rough scales, found in shallow waters along the southeast coast of Australia. 澳洲棘鲷：生活在沿澳大利亚东南海岸浅水域中的一种有粗糙鳞片的小粘头鲷鱼（澳洲棘鲷） 〔polish〕A substance containing chemical agents or abrasive particles and applied to smooth or shine a surface.上光剂；擦亮剂：含有化学媒质或粗糙微粒的一种物质，被用来打光或擦亮一个表面〔crinoline〕A coarse, stiff fabric of cotton or horsehair used especially to line and stiffen hats and garments.硬衬布：一种用棉布或马毛做成的粗糙坚硬的织物，专门用于勾勒和加固帽子或衣服的轮廓〔karakul〕Any of a breed of Central Asian sheep having a wide tail and wool that is curled and glossy in the young but wiry and coarse in the adult.卡拉库耳大尾羊：中亚产的一种绵羊，生有宽大的尾。幼羊的毛卷曲光滑，长成后羊毛硬直粗糙〔rough〕a rough homespun fabric. Somethingharsh is unpleasantly rough, discordant, or grating: 家纺的粗布。 Harsh 描述令人感到不愉快地粗糙、不和谐、刺耳的物体： 〔galingale〕Any of various sedges of the genusCyperus, especially C. longus of Europe, having rough-edged leaves, reddish spikelets, and aromatic roots. 香根莎草：一种莎草 属莎草，尤指欧洲的 长莎草 ，具有粗糙边缘的叶子、红色的小穗状花和芳香的根部 〔tumbrel〕A crude cart used to carry condemned prisoners to their place of execution, as during the French Revolution.死囚押送车：一种载着被判了死刑的人赶赴处决地的粗糙车辆，如用在法国大革命期间的车辆〔asperity〕from asper [rough] 源自 asper [粗糙] 〔strawboard〕A coarse yellow cardboard made of straw pulp.黄纸板：由草浆做成的粗糙黄色纸盒〔scrape〕To injure the surface of by rubbing against something rough or sharp:刮破：碰到粗糙或者锋利的东西使表面刮破：〔roughen〕To make or become rough.变粗糙，变毛糙：使变得粗糙或毛糙〔pebble〕An irregularly rough, grainy surface, as on leather or paper.粗糙表面，卵石花纹：不均匀的粗糙状表面，如皮革或纸面〔grogram〕Alteration of French gros grain [coarse texture] * see grosgrain 法语 gros grain的变化 [粗糙织物] * 参见 grosgrain〔asperity〕Roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate:严酷：粗糙或粗暴（严寒），如表面，声音，气候：〔canvas〕A heavy, coarse, closely woven fabric of cotton, hemp, or flax, used for tents and sails.帆布：一种厚重、粗糙、密织的棉、麻或亚麻织物，用来做帐篷或帆布〔tangible〕a tangible roughness of the skin.一摸即能感觉到皮肤的粗糙〔cutgrass〕Any of several other grasses with rough margins.似锯草植物：任一种具有粗糙叶边的其它几种禾本科植物〔chagrin〕The ultimate etymology of the wordchagrin, which comes directly to us from French, is considered uncertain by many etymologists. At one timechagrin was thought to be the same word as shagreen, "a leather or skin with a rough surface,” derived from French chagrin. The reasoning wasthat in French the word for this rough material, which was used to smooth and polish things,was extended to the notion of troubles that fret and annoy a person.It was later decided, however,that the sense "rough leather" and the sense "sorrow" each belonged to a different French wordchagrin. Other etymologists have offered an alternative explanation,suggesting that the French wordchagrin, "sorrow,” is a loan translation of the German word Katzenjammer, "a morning-after-the-night-before feeling.” A loan translation is a type of borrowing from another languagein which the elements of a foreign word,as inKatzen, "cats,” and Jammer, "distress, seediness,” are assumed to be translated literally by corresponding elements in another language,in this case,chat, "cat,” and grigner, "to grimace.” The actual etymology is less colorful,with the word probably going back to a Germanic word,.gramī, meaning "sorrow, trouble.”Chagrin is first recorded in English in 1656 in the now obsolete sense "anxiety, melancholy.”我们从法语直接借用的词chagrin 的最终词源被许多词源学家认为是不能确定的。 Charin 曾经被认为和由法语词 chagrin 派生出来的 shagreen “有粗糙表面的皮革或皮肤”是同一个词。 理由是，这种粗糙材料是用来打磨和抛光物品用的，法语里的这个词被引申到有了使人懊恼和烦恼的意思。但后来才确定，“粗糙的皮革”的含义和“沮丧”的含义分属于一个不同的法语词chagrin 。 别的词源学家提出了另外一种解释，说法语词chagrin “沮丧”是借译于日耳曼语词 Katzenjammer “醉后的难受感”。 借译是借用另一种语言，即外语词的成分，如Katzen “猫”，和 Jammer “沮丧，不舒服”， 并照那种语言的对应成分直译过来，在这种情况下为chat “猫”和 grigner “做怪相”。 实际的语源没有这么富于趣味，这个词极可能要追溯到日耳曼语词grami ， 意思为“愁苦，麻烦”。Chagrin 第一次出现在英语里有记载的时间是在1656年， 当时的含义“焦虑，忧郁”现已过时不用〔murex〕Any of various marine gastropods of the genusMurex common in tropical seas and having rough, spiny shells, especially M. trunculus, the source of Tyrian purple. 骨螺：一种盛产在热带海洋的海生骨螺属 腹足类动物，壳粗糙而常有棘尤指 M. trunculus ，泰尔紫的来源 〔rockweed〕Any of several coarse, brownish seaweeds of the generaFucus and Ascophyllum that grow on rocks in coastal areas. 固着在岩礁上的海藻：任一种生长在沿海岸地区岩石上的粗糙且呈褐色的海藻 和 藻 属海藻 〔chap〕A sore roughening or splitting of the skin, caused especially by cold or exposure.干裂：皮肤因寒冷或暴露而产生的皲裂或粗糙引起的疼痛〔subflooring〕A rough floor over which a finished floor, flooring material, or carpet is laid.毛地板：上铺设磨光地板，铺地板材料或地毯的粗糙地板〔primitive〕Characterized by simplicity or crudity; unsophisticated:简单的：以简单或粗糙为特征的；朴实无华的：〔smooth〕Having a surface free from irregularities, roughness, or projections; even.See Synonyms at level 平滑的，光滑的：具有没有粗糙部分、无规则部分或突起的表面的；平的 参见 level〔hoarse〕Rough or grating in sound:嘶哑的：声音粗糙或刺耳的：〔hopsacking〕A loosely woven, coarse fabric of cotton or wool used in clothing.席纹呢：一种编织较松的，棉质或羊毛的粗糙织物，用作衣料〔exacerbate〕acerbāre [to make harsh] from acerbus [harsh] * see ak- acerbāre [使粗糙，使刺耳] 源自 acerbus [粗糙，刺耳] * 参见 ak- 〔harsh〕Unpleasantly coarse and rough to the touch.See Synonyms at rough 粗糙的：摸上去令人不愉快的粗糙和表面不平的 参见 rough〔frosting〕A roughened or speckled surface imparted to glass or metal.毛面：玻璃或金属粗糙或有斑点的表面〔brazen〕Having a loud, usually harsh, resonant sound.破锣嗓子：发出大声，通常是较粗糙洪亮的声音的〔chap〕To split or become rough and sore:龟裂：龟裂或变为粗糙和疼痛：〔pigweed〕A coarse cosmopolitan weed(Amaranthus retroflexus) having hairy leaves and stout, terminal panicles with dense, lateral spikes of green flowers. Also called redroot 藜：一种分布于世界各地的粗糙野草（反枝苋 苋属） ，长有毛茸茸的叶子，绿色花朵中有簇集的顶生圆锥花序和侧生的穗状花序 也作 redroot〔culverin〕An early, crudely made musket.火枪：一种早期制作的粗糙火枪〔cutgrass〕Any of several grasses of the genusLeersia, found mostly along marshes, ponds, and streams and having leaves with very rough margins. 锯草：任一种假稻 属的禾本科植物，主要生长于沼泽、池塘和溪流边缘，生带有极其粗糙叶边的叶子 〔hickory〕Any of several chiefly North American deciduous trees of the genusCarya, having smooth or shaggy bark, compound leaves, and hard smooth stones or nuts, each containing an edible seed and surrounded by a husk that splits into four valves. 山核桃：一种山核桃 属的北美洲落叶乔木，树皮光滑或粗糙，复叶，果实或坚果坚硬光滑，中间有可食用的种子，种子外包了一层可裂成四片的外皮 〔caw〕The hoarse, raucous sound characteristic of a crow or similar bird.鸦叫声：乌鸦或类似鸟的沙哑、粗糙的声音〔crocus〕A coarse, loosely woven material like burlap, once used to make sacks for shipping saffron.See Regional Note at gunnysack 麻袋布：一种类似粗麻布的粗糙布，曾用来制作运藏红花用的布袋 参见 gunnysack〔horseradish〕A coarse Eurasian plant(Armoracia rusticana) in the mustard family, having a thick, whitish, pungent root, large basal leaves, and white flowers in a terminal panicle. 辣根：一种十字花科的粗糙植物（辣根 辣根属） ，产于欧亚大陆，其根很厚实，略带白色，有刺鼻气味，叶子底部大，白色花呈顶生的圆锥花序 〔drove〕A stone surface dressed with such a chisel.用石凿加工后的粗糙石面〔pumpernickel〕A dark, sourish bread made from whole, coarsely ground rye.裸麦粗面包：一种用整个磨过的粗糙大麦制成的黑色酸味面包 |
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